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under this section on such basis as the Secretary may deem appropriate. 26

AMENDMENTS TO THE RESEARCH FACILITIES ACT OF 1963

SEC. 1416. [Amendments to the act of July 22, 1963 (77 Stat. 9092, amended, 7 U.S.C. 390, 390a-390k). That Act was further amended by the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1981, section 1416 (95 Stat. 1304). See page 112.]

GRANTS AND FELLOWSHIPS FOR FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

EDUCATION

SEC. 1417.27 (a)(1) The Secretary shall promote and develop higher education in the food and agricultural sciences by formulating and administering higher education programs.

(2) The Secretary may make grants to land-grant colleges and universities, and to other colleges and universities having a demonstrable capacity to carry out food and agricultural teaching, for a period not to exceed five years

(A) to strengthen institutional capacities to respond to State, national, or international educational needs in the food and agricultural sciences;

(B) to attract students and to educate them as needed in the food and agricultural sciences, and to attract needed professionals to provide for their professional improvement in the food and agricultural sciences;

(C) to design and implement innovative food and agricultural educational programs; and

(D) to facilitate cooperative agreements between two or more eligible institutions to maximize the use of faculty and facilities to improve their food and agricultural teaching programs. Such grants shall be made without regard to matching funds, but each recipient institution shall have a significant ongoing commitment to the food and agricultural sciences generally and to the specific subject area for which such grant is to be used.

(3) The Secretary may make competitive grants to colleges and universities for a period not to exceed five years—

(A) to develop or administer programs to meet unique food and agricultural educational problems; and

(B) to administer and conduct specialized programs to attract individuals for undergraduate and graduate programs and to administer and conduct graduate fellowship programs to meet regional and national objectives in the food and agricultural sciences.

Such grants shall be made without regard to matching funds provided by recipients.

26 The Amendments of 1981, section 1417, 95 Stat. 1305, struck the proviso at the end of subsection (c)(2) requiring that not less than 50 per centum of the funds be made available to States with accredited schools of veterinary medicine.

27 7 U.S.C. 3152. The Amendments of 1981, section 1418(a), 95 Stat. 1305, rewrote subsection (a) in its entirety.

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(b) The Secretary shall conduct a program of predoctoral and post-doctoral fellowships in the food and agricultural sciences. These fellowships shall be made in the following two categories:

(1) Predoctoral fellowships, each for a period of up to four years. The purpose of these fellowships shall be to provide training and increase research capabilities in areas of need as identified by each State. These fellowships shall be awarded on the basis of merit, as determined by review panels established annually by the Secretary, to graduate students from each of the States, if the following criteria are satisfied:

(A) the student is enrolled in a graduate degree program in a college or university; and

(B) the student intends to pursue or is pursuing a course of study in the food and agricultural sciences which is directly related to an area of need as identified by the Governor or chief executive officer of the State.

At least three such fellowships shall be awarded to students from each State in every year.

(2) Postdoctoral fellowships, each for a period of from one to five years. The purpose of these fellowships shall be to attract highly promising investigators to research careers in the basic sciences related to agriculture and to provide stipends and research support for their training and establishment as independent investigators. In making awards under this paragraph, the Secretary shall give priority to individuals doing basic research at colleges and universities.

(c) 28 Funds authorized in section 22 of the Act of June 29, 1935 (49 Stat. 439, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 329), are transferred to and shall be administered by the Secretary of Agriculture. There are hereby transferred to the Secretary all the functions and duties of the Secretary of Education under the Act of June 29, 1935 (7 U.S.C. 329) applicable to the activities and programs for which funds are made available under section 22 of such Act.

(d) 29 There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of carrying out the provisions of this section $25,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, $30,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1979, $35,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1980, $40,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1981, and $50,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1982, September 30, 1983, September 30, 1984, and September 30, 1985, and not in excess of such sums as may after the date of enactment of this title be authorized by law for any subsequent fiscal year.

28 The Amendments of 1981, section 1418(b), 95 Stat. 1305, transferred to the Secretary of Agriculture all the functions and duties of the Secretary of Education under the Bankhead-Jones Act.

29 The Amendments of 1981, section 1418(c), 95 Stat. 1305, 1306, amended subsection (d) to extend the authorization of annual grants for teaching in the food and agricultural sciences

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL SCIENCE AWARD

SEC. 1418.30 (a) The Secretary shall establish the National Agricultural Science Award for research or advanced studies in the food and agricultural sciences, including the social sciences. Two such awards, one for each of the categories described in subsection (d) of this section, shall be made in each fiscal year.

(b) The awards shall not exceed $50,000 per year for a period of not to exceed three years to support research or study by the recipient.

(c) The awards shall be open to persons in agricultural research, extension, teaching, or any combination thereof.

(d) Awards under this section shall be made in each fiscal year in two categories as follows:

(1) to a scientist in recognition of outstanding contributions to the advancement of the food and agricultural sciences; and (2) to a research scientist in early career development or a graduate student, in recognition of demonstrated capability and promise of significant future achievement in the food and agricultural sciences.

(e) The Secretary may establish such nominating and selection committees, to consist of scientists and others, to receive nominations and make recommendations for awards under this section, as the Secretary deems appropriate.

GRANTS FOR RESEARCH ON THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF ALCOHOLS AND INDUSTRIAL HYDROCARBONS FROM AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND FOREST PRODUCTS, AND AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS AND OTHER PRODUCTS FROM COAL DERIVATIVES

SEC. 1419.31 (a) The Secretary shall make grants under this subsection to colleges, universities, Government corporations, and Federal laboratories for the purpose of conducting research related to the production and marketing of (1) coal tar, producer gas, and other coal derivatives for the manufacture of agricultural chemicals, methanol, methyl fuel, and alcohol-blended motor fuel (such agricultural chemicals to include, but not be limited to, fertilizers, herbicides, insecticides, and pesticides), (2) alcohol and other forms of biomass energy as substitutes for petroleum or natural gas, and (3) other industrial hydrocarbons made from agricultural commodities and forest products. The authority to conduct research under paragraph (2) does not include authority to conduct research with respect to technology demonstrations of integrated systems for commercialization of technologies for applications other than agricultural or uniquely rural applications. The Secretary may make grants under this subsection to such colleges, universities, Government corporations, and Federal laboratories for the purpose of con

307 U.S.C. 3153. The Amendments of 1981, section 1420, 95 Stat. 1306, changed the title by designating the award as "Science" instead of "Research"; expanded the field of research for which the award is made to include the "social sciencies"; redesignated subsections (c) and (d) as subsections (d) and (e); and added a new subsection (c) expanding the list of eligible_recipients. 317 U.S.C. 3154. Amended by the Biomass Energy and Alcohol Fuels Act of 1980. Public Law 96-294, section 252, 94 Stat. 705, by expanding paragraph (2) to include all forms of biomass energy, and adding subsection (b). The Amendments of 1981, section 1422, 95 Stat. 1306 added Federal laboratories to the group eligible for grants, extended the program for three more years, and increased the authorization for appropriations.

ducting research relating to the development of the most economical and commercially feasible means of collecting and transporting wastes, residues, and by-products for use as feedstocks for the production of alcohol and other forms of biomass energy. At least 25 per centum of the amount appropriated in any fiscal year for research under paragraph (2) shall be made available for grants under this subsection for research, relating to the production of alcohol, to identify and develop agricultural commodities, including alfalfa, sweet sorghum, black locust, and cheese whey, which may be suitable for such production. At least 25 per centum of the amount appropriated in any fiscal year for research under paragraph (2) shall be made available for grants under this subsection for research relating to the development of technologies for increasing the energy efficiency and commercial feasibility of alcohol production, including processes of cellulose conversion and cell membrane technology. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated for the purposes of carrying out the provision of this subsection, $3,000,000 for the fiscal year ending September 30, 1978, and such sums as may be necessary for the subsequent fiscal years ending September 30, 1979, September 30, 1980, September 30, 1981, September 30, 1982, September 30, 1983, September 30, 1984, and September 30, 1985: Provided, That the total amount of such appropriations shall not exceed $40,000,000 during the eight-year period beginning October 1, 1977, and shall not exceed such sums as may be authorized by law for any fiscal year subsequent to such period: Provided further, That not more than a total of $5,000,000 may be awarded to the colleges and universities of any one State. In addition to the authorization of appropriations provided in the preceding sentence, there is authorized to be appropriated for grants to conduct research described in paragraph (2) and in the third sentence of this subsection $12,000,000 for each of the fiscal years ending September 30, 1981; September 30, 1982; September 30, 1983; and September 30, 1984.

(b) For purposes of subsection (a)

(1) the term "biomass" means any organic matter which is available on a renewable basis, including agricultural crops and agricultural wastes and residues, wood and wood wastes and residues, and animal wastes, except that such term does not include aquatic plants and municipal wastes;

(2) the term "biomass energy" means any gaseous, liquid, or solid fuel produced by conversion of biomass, and energy or steam derived from the direct combustion of biomass for the generation of electricity, mechanical power, or industrial process heat; and

(3) the term "municipal wastes" means any organic matter, including sewage, sewage sludge, and industrial or commercial waste, and mixtures of such matter and inorganic refuse

(i) from any publicly or privately operated municipal waste collection or similar disposal system; or

(ii) from similar waste flows (other than such flows which constitute agricultural wastes or residues, or wood wastes or residues from wood harvesting activities or pro

PILOT PROJECTS FOR THE PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF INDUSTRIAL HYDROCARBONS AND ALCOHOLS FROM AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES AND FOREST PRODUCTS

SEC. 1420. [Amendments to Title V of the Rural Development Act of 1972 (86 Stat. 671-675, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 2661-2668). This Act was reauthorized and amended in its entirety by the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1981, section 1444(b) (95 Stat. 1326). For the language pertaining to this section, see page 41.]

Subtitle D-National Food and Human Nutrition Research and Extension Program

FINDINGS AND DECLARATIONS

SEC. 1421.32 (a) Congress hereby finds that there is increasing evidence of a relationship between diet and many of the leading causes of death in the United States: that improved nutrition is an integral component of preventive health care; that there is a serious need for research on the chronic effects of diet on degenerative diseases and related disorders; that nutrition and health considerations are important to United States agricultural policy; that there is insufficient knowledge concerning precise human nutritional requirements, the interaction of the various nutritional constituents of food, and differences in nutritional requirements among different population groups such as infants, children, adolescents, elderly men and women, and pregnant women; and that there is a critical need for objective data concerning food safety, the potential of food enrichment, and means to encourage better nutritional practices.

(b) It is hereby declared to be the policy of the United States that the Department of Agriculture conduct research in the fields of human nutrition and the nutritive value of foods and conduct human nutrition education activities, as provided in this subtitle.

DUTIES OF THE SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE

SEC. 1422.33 In order to carry out the policy of this subtitle, the Secretary shall develop and implement a national food and human nutrition research and extension program that shall include, but not be limited to

(1) research on human nutritional requirements;

(2) research on the nutrient composition of foods and the effects of agricultural practices, handling, food processing, and cooking on the nutrients they contain;

(3) surveillance of the nutritional benefits provided to participants in the food programs administered by the Department of Agriculture;

(4) research on the factors affecting food preference and habits; and

32 7 U.S.C. 3171. 337 U.S.C. 3172.

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