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tension, and teaching programs. Improved cooperation and communications by the Department of Agriculture and the cooperators with international agricultural research centers, counterpart agencies and universities in other countries, is necessary to improve food and agricultural progress throughout the world; and

(11) Long-range planning for research, extension, and teaching is a key element in meeting the objectives of this title; accordingly, all of the elements in the food and agricultural science and education system are encouraged to expand their planning and coordination efforts.

PURPOSES

SEC. 1403. The purposes of this title are to—

(1) establish firmly the Department of Agriculture as the lead agency in the Federal Government for the food and agricultural sciences, and to emphasize that agricultural research, extension, and teaching are distinct missions of the Department of Agriculture;

(2) undertake the special measures set forth in this title to improve the coordination and planning of agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs, identify needs and establish priorities for these programs, assure that national agricultural research, extension, and teaching objectives are fully achieved, and assure that the results of agricultural research are effectively communicated and demonstrated to farmers, processors, handlers, consumers, and all other users who can benefit therefrom;

(3) increase cooperation and coordination in the performance of agricultural research by Federal departments and agencies, the States, State agricultural experiment stations, colleges and universities, and user groups;

(4) enable the Federal Government, the States, colleges and universities, and others to implement needed agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs through the establishment of new programs and the improvement of existing programs, as provided for in this title;

(5) establish a new program of grants for high-priority agricultural research to be awarded on the basis of competition among research workers and all colleges and universities;

(6) establish a new program of grants for facilities and instrumentation used in agricultural research; and

(7) establish a new program of education grants and fellowships to strengthen research, extension, and teaching programs in the food and agricultural sciences, to be awarded on the basis of competition.

3 Paragraph (11) added by the Amendments of 1981, section 1402, 95 Stat. 1294. 47 U.S.C. 3102. The Amendments of 1981, section 1403, 95 Stat. 1296, expanded subsection (2) and made the following revisions: (a) in subsection (4) deleted the words "including the initiative specified in section 1402(8) of this title,"; (b) in subsection (5) deleted the word "scientific" after "among"; and (c) in subsection (7) deleted the words "training and research" after the word

DEFINITIONS

SEC. 1404.5 When used in this title

(1) the term "Advisory Board" means the National Agricultural Research and Extension Users Advsiory Board;

(2) the term "agricultural research" means research in the food and agricultural sciences;

(3) the term "aquaculture" means the propagation and rearing of aquacultural species, including, but not limited to, any species of finfish, mollusk, or crustacean (or other aquatic invertebrate), amphibian, reptile, or aquatic plant, in controlled or selected environments;

(4) the terms "college" and "university" mean an educational institution in any State which (A) admits as regular students only persons having a certificate of graduation from a school providing secondary education, or the recognized equivalent of such a certificate, (B) is legally authorized within such State to provide a program of education beyond secondary education, (C) provides an educational program for which a bachelor's degree or any other higher degree is awarded, (D) is a public or other nonprofit institution, and (E) is accredited by a nationally recognized accrediting agency or association;

(5) the term "cooperative extension services" means the organizations established at the land-grant colleges and universities under the Smith-Lever Act of May 8, 1914 (38 Stat. 372374, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 341-349), and section 209(b) of the Act of October 26, 1974 (88 Stat. 1428, as amended; D.C. Code, sec. 31-1719(b));

(6) the term "Department of Agriculture" means the United States Department of Agriculture;

(7) the term "extension" means the informal education programs conducted in the States in cooperation with the Department of Agriculture;

(8) 5 the term "food and agricultural sciences" means basic, applied, and developmental research, extension, and teaching activities in the food, agricultural, renewable natural resources, forestry, and physical and social sciences, in the broadest sense of these terms, including but not limited to, activities relating to:

(A) agriculture, including soil and water conservation and use, the use of organic waste materials to improve soil tilth and fertility, plant and animal production and protection, and plant and animal health;

(B) the processing, distributing, marketing, and utilization of food and agricultural products;

(C) forestry, including range management, production of forest and range products, multiple use of forest and rangelands, and urban forestry;

(D) aquaculture;

57 U.S.C. 3103. The Amendments of 1981, section 1404, 95 Stat. 1297, in paragraph (8) broadened the definition of "food and agricultural sciences"; in paragraph (12) expanded the definition of "State" to include American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands; in paragraph (14) expanded the definition of the term "teaching"; and added new paragraphs (15) and (16).

(E) home economics, including consumer affairs, food and nutrition, clothing and textiles, housing, and family well-being and financial management;

(F) rural community welfare and development;

(G) youth development, including 4-H clubs;

(H) domestic and export market expansion for United States agricultural products; and

(I) production inputs, such as energy, to improve productivity;

(9) the term "Joint Council" means the Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences;

(10) the term "land-grant colleges and universities" means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of July 2, 1862 (12 Stat. 503-505, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 301-305, 307 and 308), or the Act of August 30, 1890 (26 Stat. 417-419, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 321-326 and 328), including the Tuskegee Institute;

(11) the term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Agriculture of the United States;

(12)5 the term "State" means any one of the fifty States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the District of Columbia;

(13) the term "State agricultural experiment stations" means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of March 2, 1887 (24 Stat. 440-442, as amended; 7 U.S.C. 361a361i);

(14) the term "teaching" means formal classroom instruction, laboratory instruction, and practicum experience in the food and agricultural sciences and matters relating thereto (such as faculty development, student recruitment and services, curriculum development, instructional materials and equipment, and innovative teaching methodologies) conducted by colleges and universities offering baccalaureate or higher degrees;

(15)5 the term "cooperating forestry schools" means those institutions eligible to receive funds under the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntireStennis Act of 1962; and

(16)5 the term "State cooperative institutions" or "State cooperative agents" means institutions or agents designated by—

(A) the Act of July 2, 1862 (7 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), commonly known as the First Morrill Act;

(B) the Act of August 30, 1890 (7 U.S.C. 321 et seq.), commonly known as the Second Morrill Act, including the Tuskegee Institute;

(C) the Act of March 2, 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.), commonly known as the Hatch Act of 1887;

(D) the Act of May 8, 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.), commonly known as the Smith-Lever Act;

(E) the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), commonly known as the McIntire-Stennis Act of 1962; and

Subtitle B-Coordination and Planning of Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching

RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SECRETARY AND DEPARTMENT OF

AGRICULTURE

SEC. 1405.6 The Department of Agriculture is designated as the lead agency of the Federal Government for agricultural research (except with respect to the biomedical aspects of human nutrition concerned with diagnosis or treatment of disease), extension, and teaching in the food and agricultural sciences, and the Secretary, in carrying out the Secretary's responsibilities, shall—

(1) 6 establish jointly with the Secretary of Health and Human Services procedures for coordination with respect to nutrition research in areas of mutual interest;

(2) keep informed of developments in, and the Nation's need for, research, extension, teaching, and manpower development in the food and agricultural sciences and represent such need in deliberations within the Department of Agriculture, elsewhere within the executive branch of the United States Government, and with the several States and their designated land-grant colleges and universities, other colleges and universities, agricultural and related industries, and other interested institutions and groups;

(3) coordinate all agricultural research, extension, and teaching activity conducted or financed by the Department of Agriculture and, to the maximum extent practicable, by other agencies of the executive branch of the United States Government;

(4) take the initiative in establishing coordination of StateFederal cooperative agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs, funded in whole or in part by the Department of Agriculture in each State, through the administrative heads of land-grant colleges and universities and the State directors of agricultural experiment stations and cooperative extension services, and other appropriate program administrators;

(5) 6 consult the Joint Council, Advisory Board, and appropriate advisory committees of the Department of Agriculture in the formulation of basic policies, goals, strategies, and priorities for programs of agricultural research, extension, and teaching;

(6) 6 report (as a part of the Department of Agriculture's annual budget submissions) to the House Committee on Agriculture, the House Committee on Appropriations, the Senate Committee on Agriculture, Nutrition, and Forestry, and the Senate Committee on Appropriations actions taken or proposed to support the recommendations of the Advisory Board;

67 U.S.C. 3121. The Amendments of 1981, section 1405, 95 Stat. 1298, in paragraph (1) changed the reference from "Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare" to "Secretary of Health and Human Services"; in paragraph (5) deleted the word "other" before "appropriate advisory committees"; in paragraph (6) added the words "or proposed" after "actions taken"; and added new paragraphs (10) and (11).

(7) establish appropriate review procedures to assure that agricultural research projects are timely and properly reported and published and that there is no unnecessary duplication of effort or overlapping between agricultural research units;

(8) establish Federal or cooperative multidisciplinary research teams on major agricultural research problems with clearly defined leadership, budget responsibility, and research programs;

(9) in order to promote the coordination of agricultural research of the Department of Agriculture, conduct a continuing inventory of ongoing and completed research projects being conducted within or funded by the Department;

(10) coordinate all agricultural research, extension, and teaching activities conducted or financed by the Department of Agriculture with the periodic renewable resource assessment and program provided for in sections 3 and 4 of the Forest and Rangeland Renewable Resources Planning Act of 1974 and the appraisal and program provided for in sections 5 and 6 of the Soil and Water Resources Conservation Act of 1977; and

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(11) take the initiative in overcoming barriers to long-range planning by developing, in conjunction with the States, State cooperative institutions, the Joint Council, the Advisory Board, and other appropriate institutions, a long-term needs assessment for food, fiber, and forest products, and by determining the research requirements necessary to meet the identified needs.

SUBCOMMITTEE ON FOOD, AGRICULTURAL, AND FORESTRY RESEARCH SEC. 1406. [This section amended section 401(h) of the National Science and Technology Policy, Organization, and Priorities Act of 1976 (90 Stat. 471; 42 U.S.C. 6651(h)), which was further amended by the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1981, section 1406 (95 Stat. 1298). See page 110.]

JOINT COUNCIL ON FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES

SEC. 1407.7 (a) The Secretary shall establish within the Department of Agriculture a committee to be known as the Joint Council on Food and Agricultural Sciences which shall have a term that expires September 30, 1985.

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(b) The Joint Council shall be composed of not fewer than twenty-five representatives of organizations or agencies which conduct or assist in conducting programs of research, extension, or teaching in the food and agricultural sciences, including State cooperative institutions; other colleges and universities having a demonstrable capacity to carry out food and agricultural research, extension, or teaching; agencies within the Department of Agriculture which have significant research, extension, or teaching responsibilities; the Office of Science and Technology Policy; other Feder

77 U.S.C. 3122. The Amendments of 1981, section 1407(a), 95 Stat. 1299, provided that the term of the Joint Council would expire September 30, 1985.

8 The Amendments of 1981, section 1407(b), 95 Stat. 1299, expanded the membership of the