(B) scientific equipment furnished under section 11(e) of the National Science Foundation Act of 1950, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1870(e));

(C) property furnished under section 203 of the Department of Agriculture Organic Act of 1944 (16 U.S.C. 580a), in connection with the Cooperative Forest Fire Control Program, where title is retained in the United States;

(D) property furnished in connection with grants to Indian tribes as defined in section 3(c) of the Indian Financing Act (25 U.S.C. 1452(c)); or

(E) property furnished by the Secretary of Agriculture to any State or county extension service engaged in cooperative agricultural extension work pursuant to the Act of May 8, 1914 (7 U.S.C. 341 et seq.); any State experiment station engaged in cooperative agricultural research work pursuant to the Act of March 2, 1887 (7 U.S.C. 361a et seq.); and any institution engaged in cooperative agricultral research or extension work pursuant to sections 1433, 1434, 1444, or 1445 of the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (7 U.S.C. 3195, 3196, 3221, and 3222) or the Act of October 10, 1962 (16 U.S.C. 582a et seq.), where title is retained in the United States. For the purpose of this provision, the term "State" means any one of the fifty States, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, Guam, American Samoa, the Commonwealth of the Northern Marianas, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Virgin Islands of the United States, and the District of Columbia.

This paragraph shall not preclude any Federal agency obtaining property and furnishing it to a grantee of that agency under paragraph (1) of this subsection.

PART II. NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING POLICY ACT OF 1977 AND NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING POLICY ACT AMENDMENTS OF 1981

NATIONAL AGRICULTURAL RESEARCH, EXTENSION, AND TEACHING POLICY ACT OF 19771

SHORT TITLE

SEC. 1401. This title may be cited as the "National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977".

Subtitle A-Findings, Purposes, and Definitions

FINDINGS

SEC. 1402. Congress finds that

(1) the Federal Government of the United States has provided funding support for agricultural research and extension for many years in order to promote and protect the general health and welfare of the people of the United States, and this support has significantly contributed to the development of the Nation's agricultural system;

(2) the agencies conducting such federally supported research were established at different times in response to different and specific needs and their work is not fully coordinated;

(3) these agencies have only been partially successful in responding to the needs of all persons affected by their research, and useful information produced through such federally supported research is not being efficiently transferred to the people of the United States;

(4) expanded agricultural research and extension are needed to meet the rising demand for food and fiber caused by increases in worldwide population and food shortages due to short-term localized, and adverse climatic conditions;

(5) increased research is necessary to alleviate inadequacies of the marketing system (including storage, transportation, and distribution of agricultural and forest products) which have impaired United States agricultural production and utilization;

(6) advances in food and agricultural sciences and technology have become increasingly limited by the concentration upon the thorough development and exploitation of currently known

1 The National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 is set forth in Title XIV of the Food and Agriculture Act of 1977, Public Law 95-113, 91 Stat. 981, 7 U.S.C. 3101 et seq. Title XIV was amended by the Energy Security Act, Public Law 96-294, 94 Stat. 705, and further was extensively amended by the National Agricultural Research, Extension, and Teaching Policy Act Amendments of 1981, which were title XIV of the Agriculture and Food Act of 1981, Public Law 97-98, 95 Stat. 1294 et seq. Such amendments hereinafter are referred to in Part II as the Amendments of 1981.

scientific principles and technological approaches at the expense of more fundamental research, and a strong research effort in the basic sciences is necessary to achieve breakthroughs in knowledge that can support new and innovative food and agricultural technologies;

(7) Federal funding levels for agricultural research and extension in recent years have not been commensurate with needs stemming from changes in United States agricultural practices and the world food and agricultural situation;

(8) new Federal initiatives are needed in the areas of

(A) research to find alternatives to technologies based on fossil fuels;

(B) research and extension on human nutrition and food consumption patterns in order to improve the health and vitality of the people of the United States;

(C) research to find solutions to environmental problems caused by technological changes in food and agricultural production;

(D) aquacultural research and extension;

(E) research and extension directed toward improving the management and use of the Nation's natural and renewable resources, in order to meet the increased demand for forest products, conserve water resources (through irrigation management, tail water reuse, desalination, crop conversion, and other water conservation techniques), conserve soil resources, and properly manage rangelands;

(F) improving and expanding the research and extension programs in home economics;

(G) extension programs in energy conservation;

(H) extension programs in forestry and natural resources, with special emphasis to be given to improving the productivity of small private woodlands, modernizing wood harvesting and utilization, developing and disseminating reliable multiple-use resource management information to all landowners and consumers, and the general public, wildlife, watershed, and recreational management, and cultural practices (including reforestation, protection, and related matters);

(I) research on climate, drought, and weather modification as factors in food and agricultural production;

(J) more intensive agricultural research and extension programs oriented to the needs of small farmers and their families and the family farm system, which is a vital component of the agricultural production capacity of this country;

(K) research to expand export markets for agricultural commodities;

(L) development and implementation, through research, of more efficient, less wasteful, and environmentally sound methods of producing, processing, marketing, and utilizing food, fiber, waste products, other nonfood agricultural products, and forest and rangeland products;

(M) expanded programs of animal disease and health care research and extension;

(N) research to develop new crops, in order to expand our use of varied soils and increase the choice of nutritional and economically viable crops available for cultivation; and

(O) investigation and analysis of the practicability, desirability, and feasibility of using organic waste materials to improve soil tilth and fertility, and extension programs to disseminate practical information resulting from such investigations and analyses;

(9) the existing agricultural research system consisting of the Federal Government, the land-grant colleges and universities, other colleges and universities engaged in agricultural research, the agricultural experiment stations, and the private sector constitute an essential national resource which must serve as the foundation for any further strengthening of agricultural research in the United States;

(10)2 it is and has been the policy of the United States to support food and agricultural research, extension, and teaching in the broadest sense of these terms. The partnership between the Federal Government and the States, as consummated in legislation and cooperative agreements, and the cooperative nature of efforts to implement this policy in cooperation with the food and agricultural industry has been eminently successful. Cooperative research, extension, and teaching programs have provided the United States with the most productive and efficient food and agricultural system in the world. This system is the basis of our national affluence and it provides vast amounts of food and fiber to other people around the world. However, the food and agricultural system is dynamic and constantly changing. The research, extension, and teaching programs that support the food and agricultural system must be maintained and constantly adjusted to meet ever changing challenges. National support of cooperative research, extension, and teaching efforts must be reaffirmed and expanded at this time to meet major needs and challenges in the following areas:

(A) FOOD AND AGRICULTURAL SYSTEM PRODUCTIVITY.—Increases in agricultural productivity have been outstanding, however, productivity growth in the past decade has slowed. It is imperative that improved technologies and management systems be developed to maintain and enhance agricultural productivity in order for agricultural production in the United States to meet the demand of a rising world population, rising costs of production, and limitations on energy consumption. Improved productivity in food and agricultural processing and marketing sectors is a critical need in the national effort to achieve a strong economy.

(B) DEVELOPMENT OF NEW FOOD, FIBER, AND ENERGY SOURCES.-Programs to identify and develop new crop and animal sources of food, fiber, and energy must be undertaken to meet future needs.

(C) AGRICULTURAL ENERGY USE AND PRODUCTION.-Much of the current agricultural technology is relatively energy intensive. It is critical that alternative technologies be developed to increase agricultural energy efficiency and to reduce dependence on petroleum based products. Furthermore, agriculture provides the United States with alternative potential sources of energy that must be assessed and developed.

(D) NATURAL RESOURCES.-Improved management and conservation of soil, water, forest, and range resources are vital to maintain the resource base for food and fiber production. An expanded program in the area of soil and water conservation research is needed to develop more economical and effective conservation systems. Five key objectives of this research are:

(i) sustaining soil productivity;

(ii) developing more cost-effective and practical conservation technologies;

(iii) managing water in stressed environments;

(iv) protecting the quality of the Nation's surface water and groundwater resources; and

(v) establishing integrated multidisciplinary organic farming research projects designed to foster the implementation of the major recommendations of the Department of Agriculture Report and Recommendations on Organic Farming, July 1980.

(E) PROMOTION OF THE HEALTH AND WELFARE OF PEOPLE.-The basic objectives of food and agricultural research, extension, and teaching programs are to make the maximum contribution to the health and welfare of people and to the economy of the United States through the enhancement of owner-operated family farms, to improve community services and institutions, to increase the quality of life in rual America, and to improve the well-being of consumers. The rapid rate of social change, economic instability, and current energy problems increase the need for expanded programs of research and extension in family financial management, housing and home energy consumption, food preparation and consumption, human development (including youth programs), and development of community services and institutions.

(F) HUMAN NUTRITION.-The challenge to meet the food needs of the world continues, but there is an increasing need to address nutrition research and educational issues associated with diet resulting from changing life styles and with respect to special groups such as the elderly, teenagers, infants, and pregnant women.

(G) INTERNATIONAL FOOD AND AGRICULTURE.-The greatest challenge facing mankind through the next two decades will be to produce adequate food for an expanding world population. This challenge demands a dedicated effort by the Federal Government and the State cooperative institutions, and other colleges and universities to expand international food and agricultural research, ex

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