Commission on Wartime Relocation and Internment of Civilians Act: Hearing Before the Committee on Governmental Affairs, United States Senate, Ninety-sixth Congress, Second Session, on S. 1647, March 18, 1980 |
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Abraham Ribicoff Aleut American Citizens League Americans of Japanese Angeles Army Attorney bill California Chairman citizens of Japanese citizenship civil rights Congress Congressional constitutional curfew decision detention DeWitt Endo enemy aliens espionage establish evacuation Ex parte Endo Ex parte Milligan exclusion orders Executive Order 9066 February February 19 Federal Funter Bay Governmental Affairs Hawaii hearings Hirabayashi Hohri incarceration individual issue JACL Japanese American Citizens Japanese ancestry Japanese descent Judicial Action Justice Korematsu legislation loyalty March Masaoka military areas military commander military necessity Milligan National JACL Nisei Office Pacific Pacific Citizen Pearl Harbor persons of Japanese political President racial Relocation and Internment Relocation Authority relocation centers resolution sabotage Secretary Senator JACKSON statement study commission Supreme Court Theory of Judicial tion United violation War Relocation Authority Wartime Relocation Washington West Coast World World War II wrong was committed Yasui
Popular passages
Page 182 - The main reasons relied upon by those responsible for the forced evacuation, therefore, do not prove a reasonable relation between the group characteristics of Japanese Americans and the dangers of invasion, sabotage and espionage. The reasons appear, instead, to be largely an accumulation of much of the misinformation, half-truths and insinuations that for years have been directed against Japanese Americans by people with racial and economic prejudices — the same people who have been among the...
Page 106 - It should be noted, to begin with, that all legal restrictions which curtail the civil rights of a single racial group are immediately suspect. That is not to say that all such restrictions are unconstitutional. It is to say that courts must subject them to the most rigid scrutiny.
Page 276 - That whoever shall enter, remain in, leave, or commit any act in any military area or military zone prescribed, under the authority of an Executive order of the President, by the Secretary of War, or by any military commander designated by the Secretary of War, contrary to the restrictions applicable to any such area or zone or contrary to the order of the Secretary of War or any such military commander, shall, if it ap©2000 J.
Page 320 - The proposition is this: that in a time of war the commander of an armed force (if in his opinion the exigencies of the country demand it, and of which he is to judge), has the power, within the lines of his military district, to suspend all civil rights and their remedies, and subject citizens as well as soldiers to the rule of his will; and in the exercise of his lawful authority cannot be restrained, except by his superior officer or the President of the United States.
Page 290 - We cannot say that the war-making branches of the Government did not have ground for believing that in a critical hour such persons could not readily be isolated and separately dealt with, and constituted a menace to the national defense and safety, which demanded that prompt and adequate measures be taken to guard against it.
Page 288 - We cannot close our eyes to the fact, demonstrated by experience, that in time of war residents having ethnic affiliations with an invading enemy may be a greater source of danger than those of a different ancestry.
Page 308 - In deciding upon this necessity, however, the state of the facts as they appeared to the officer at the time he acted, must govern the decision; for he must necessarily act upon the information of others as well as his own observation. And if with such information as he had a right to rely upon, there is reasonable ground for "believing that the peril is immediate and menacing, or the necessity urgent, he is justified in acting upon it; and the discovery afterwards that it was false or erroneous,...
Page 182 - A military judgment based upon such racial and sociological considerations is not entitled to the great weight ordinarily given the judgments based upon strictly military considerations. Especially is this so when every charge relative to race, religion, culture, geographical location, and legal and economic status has been substantially discredited by independent studies made by experts in these matters.
Page 108 - But a judicial construction of the due process clause that will sustain this order is a far more subtle blow to liberty than the promulgation of the order itself.
Page 191 - Although some individuals may discriminate against me, I shall never become bitter or lose faith, for I know that such persons are not representative of the majority of the American people True. I shall do all in my power to discourage such practices, but I shall do it in the American way — above board, in the open, through courts of law, by education, by proving myself to be worthy of equal treatment and consideration.