The Loyalty Oath in the American Experience, Volume 1

activities addition adopted advocates affidavit amendment American application Association attorneys authority believe bill Board California called candidates citizen Civil Code Commission Committee communism Communist Party Congress considered Constitution Cummings defense designed determine duty Education effect employees employment enacted federal force freedom further Garland grounds held hold involved Judge Justice lawyers legislation legislature Liberties loyalty oath majority means Missouri nature noted oath device oath laws oath of allegiance oath requirement obedience obligation opinion organization overthrow passed past period person pledge political practice prescribed present profession prohibition protect public officers punishment question reason refusal relating result Review Senate Service similar South Carolina specific Stat subscribe subversive Supp Supreme Court swear teachers teaching test oath tion true Union United University Volume World York