the commission, which involves a great amount of work, and before the maps can be engraved and printed the triangulation observations must be accurately adjusted. There are yet to be adjusted and computed some 8,000 triangulations. There are in the vicinity of approximately 270 maps to be engraved and printed to complete the work. The process of having these maps engraved, proof read, finally approved, and printed-finally approved and signed by the British commissioner and myself-involves considerable time, but I believe

The CHAIRMAN. Is this office work done in Washington?

Mr. BARNARD. A part of it is done in Washington and a part of it in Ottawa, Canada. We divide it.

The CHAIRMAN. How many men have you employed at the present time?

Mr. BARNARD. There are 14 on the rolls besides myself.

Mr. MOORES. How many men has the Canadian Government taken away by paying better wages?

Mr. BARNARD. None.

Mr. MOORES. Since when?

Mr. BARNARD. They have not taken any since we established this commission.

Mr. MOORES. I went down the Yukon River with a man who said that he had left the American forces and joined the Canadians because they paid them better than you did.

Mr. BARNARD. They have taken our temporary men, but it would not be good business-as we are working together for one common end-for us to take each other's men.

Mr. MOORES. Well, their force is all Canadian?

Mr. BARNARD. Their force is all Canadian, as our force is composed of United States citizens.

Mr. ROGERS. You propose to complete 43 miles, about, this year? Mr. BARNARD. That was for the fiscal year ended June 30.

Mr. ROGERS. Was that work necessary to complete the survey; was that actually the first time that work was done?

Mr. BARNARD. That was actually new work.

Mr. ROGERS. So that is really all the new work that you have to do? Mr. BARNARD. That is really all of the new work; yes, sir.

Mr. ROGERS. Your appropriations until lately used to be something like $100,000, did it not?

Mr. BARNARD. Gentlemen, I have made up here a table showing the appropriations received, the balances that were available from previous appropriations, and the funds that were available for each fiscal year, with the expenditures of the last fiscal year, which shows everything fully since I have been commissioner.

(The table referred to above is printed in the record, as follows:)

Statement of funds available and expenditures, United States section, International (Canadian) Boundary Commissioners, for the fiscal years 19161920.

Classification of expenditures for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919. [Exclusive of vouchers passed up to Aug. 1, 1918, covering indebtedness incurred prior to July 1, 1918, included in previous classification.]

Mr. HOUGHTON. I do not understand, Mr. Barnard, with regard to this balance of $12,000 which is on hand.

Mr. BARNARD. That is from the July 1, estimate.

Mr. HOUGHTON. In addition, you want $15,000. additional?
Mr. BARNARD. Yes, sir.

Mr. HOUGHTON. Making available some $27,000 more than last year.

Mr. BARNARD. No, sir; it won't be more than last year. The estimated expenses for next year are $67,000. The expenses for last year $60,000, so it is only really $7,000 larger and I inherited $9,000 in bills that should have been paid last year, which will have to come

out of this.

Mr. HOUGHTON. Well, you apparently have a balance of $12,000? Mr. BARNARD. Yes, sir; there will be.

Mr. HOUGHTON. And then you are asking for $15,000 more, that makes $27,000.

Mr. BARNARD. Yes, sir.

Mr. HOUGHTON. Now, you want that $27,000 so that these maps: and reports may be printed.

Mr. BARNARD. Yes, sir.

Mr. HOUGHTON. And the atlases, and so that you can go on with this work.

Mr. BARNARD. This work on the Alaskan boundary.

Mr. HOUGHTON. So you wish that in addition to that $15,000 which you consider essential?

Mr. BARNARD. Yes, sir; I think it is absolutely essential. It may be that some of it will go over, but I want to have this money so I can engrave and make contracts for having the engraving and printing and binding done. Now, I had expected to complete that binding during last year. It was delayed so that I could not get it done. It will be paid out of this appropriation, because it was not completed until December. That is a bill for $3,000.

Mr. HOUGHTON. Well, suppose we do not give you $15,000 in addition to that that you now have, and over what you had last year, what will be the result?

Mr. BARNARD. I estimate that

Mr. HOUGHTON. You say that you want to have plenty of money to carry on this work.

Mr. BARNARD. I want to have plenty of money to provide for contracts. I have no business contracting anything until I have the money in sight.

The CHAIRMAN. How long have you been commissioner?

Mr. BARNARD. Since April 30, 1915.

The CHAIRMAN. Who preceded you?

Mr. BARNARD. Mr. O. H. Pittman.

The CHAIRMAN. All of the 14 employees are permanent employees which you have; how many of those are clerks, performing purely clerical work?

Mr. BARNARD. Two; the chief clerk, who also acts as disbursing officer, and custodian of property, and one stenographer.

The CHAIRMAN. Is your office located in a Government building? Mr. BARNARD. No; my office is in the National Savings and Trust Building.

The CHAIRMAN. What rental do you pay?

Mr. BARNARD. We pay $2,240 per year.

The CHAIRMAN. What percentage of your appropriation goes for overhead charges, such as rental, clerk hire, excluding, of course, your own salary?

Mr. BARNARD. The rental is $2,240, not more than 10 per centless than 10 per cent, I should say; that is, the rental is $2,240, and in addition to that the salaries are $3,320. That would make about $5,500, out of an expenditure of $60,000 or $67,000, as estimated for the year.

The CHAIRMAN. Now, as I understand you, after you have completed the office work and what little remains of the field work, the commission has performed the duties that it was required to perform under the treaty. At that time the commission can be abolished?

Mr. BARNARD. The commission automatically ceases. Now, I really think that the duties of the commission with reference to the treaty of 1906 have been completed and their services terminated by the iling of the report.

The CHAIRMAN. The filing of the final report will terminate the commission?

Mr. BARNARD. That terminates the commission.

The CHAIRMAN. Then, after that, you feel that some branch of the Government should look after the maintenance of the boundaries?

Mr. BARNARD. Yes, sir.

The CHAIRMAN. Where would you place that duty?

Mr. BARNARD. I would create a commission.

The CHAIRMAN. Another commission?

Mr. BARNARD. It must be a joint agency. I believe it can better be done, as well as more economically done, by a commission, or another commission will have to be created by treaties for the maintenance of the boundary line.

Mr. MOORES. Who took Mr. Tawney's place on that commission? Mr. BARNARD. That is, the International Joint Commission, and which is separate from this. That was filled by Mr. Clark, who was formerly a Senator from Wyoming, I think.

I want you gentlemen to understand that I am perfectly frank about this.

Now, here, gentlemen, is something I do not know whether you want to print or not. It takes up the whole history of the boundary line, as to what has been done.

The CHAIRMAN. I think that should be printed.

Mr. BARNARD. That gives an idea of what has been accomplished. If it is the desire of the committee, I will bring that down to date. The CHAIRMAN. How soon can you do that; can you do that by to-morrow morning?

Mr. ROGERS. Don't you think that it would be better to print that in the Congressional Record?

Mr. BARNARD. It is a résumé which gives the information intelligently.

The CHAIRMAN. You will be sure to have it here to-morrow?
Mr. BARNARD. Would it do to have it the next morning?

The CHAIRMAN. I am afraid not, as we are running short of time.
Mr. BARNARD. I will do my best.

(The matter referred to above is printed in the record in full, as follows:)

STATEMENT ON THE WORK OF THE INTERNATIONAL (CANADIAN) BOUNDARY COMMISSIONS, BY E. C. BARNARD, COMMISSIONER, JANUARY 14, 1920.

AUTHORIZATION.

Alaskan coast boundary, convention of 1903.

Boundary from the Arctic Ocean to Mount St. Elias, convention of 1906. Atlantic to Pacific Ocean, treaty of 1908, Articles I to III and V to VIII, and treaty of 1910.

DUTIES OF THE COMMISSIONER.

To be expert commissioner, on the part of the United States, with full authority, in cooperation with the commissioner, on the part of Great Britain, to establish or reestablish the international boundary between the United States and Canada under the treaties of 1903, 1906, and 1910, and Articles I, II, III, V, VI, VII, VIII of the treaty of 1908, to agree upon the manner in which the provisions of the treaties are to be carried out and the division of work and expenditure, to draw the boundary line upon the final maps and certify to the same, and to prepare and sign the reports required by the treaties; and, as technical director of the United States section of the commission, to direct field operations of mapping, surveying, and monumenting, and office work of computing and drafting.

REQUIREMENTS OF TREATIES OR CONVENTIONS.

1. That the land boundary shall be marked by durable monuments at frequent intervals; that the water boundary shall be referenced by durable monuments on the shore at frequent intervals.

2. That the boundary line shall be drawn by the commissioners on accurate, modern maps.

3. That a joint report describing the boundary line, monuments, and operations shall be submitted at the close of the work.

As there were no maps of sufficient accuracy in existence for the laying down of the boundary line, it was necessary to make them, which involved extending a belt of triangulation along the boundary line for determinating the geographic positions of the monuments and controlling the topographic work; running of levels for the determination of elevations; and accurately mapping a belt extending from one-half to 2 miles on either side of the boundary line for its entire length. And it was also necessary in places to make soundings in the water areas traversed by the boundary line.

LENGTH OF THE BOUNDARY LINE.

The boundary line between the United States and Canada starts at the Arctic Ocean and runs due south 645 miles to Mount St. Elias, then parallels the coast a short distance inland and through the Portland Canal for a distance of 862 miles; and beginning again at the entrance of the Straits of Fuca extends 3.900 miles acress the continent to the mouth of Passamaquoddy Bay on the Atlantic shore. Of the 1,500 miles of the Alaskan boundary, 180 miles are water; and of the 3,900 miles from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean, 2,100 miles are water. The portion of the boundary through the St. Lawrence River and the Great Lakes, 1,250 miles in length, was located by the International Joint Commission under Article IV of the treaty of 1908 during 1908 to 1914. Therefore, the present International (Canadian) Boundary Commissions were charged with the location of 4,150 miles of the boundary line.

CONDITION OF WORK JANUARY 1, 1920.

The field work for the location of the 4,150 miles of boundary intrusted to these commissions, namely, from the Arctic Ocean to Mount St. Elias, and thence to Cape Muzon, and from the Pacific to the Atlantic Ocean excepting through the Great Lakes and the St. Lawrence River, is practically completed, there remaining to be done during the coming field season only:

The setting of some monuments for a short distance on the St. Croix River. The examination of 15 to 20 miles of the located boundary line on the eastern slope of the Rocky Mountains by United States parties.

The erection of additional monuments and reopening of the vista along the international boundary line between Alaska and British Columbia from the Portland Canal to the Unuk River, rendered necessary in order that there may be no uncertainty as to whether the many mining claims recently located in this section are in the United States or in Canada.

The work has been done jointly under the direction of one United States and one British commissioner by United States and Canadian survey parties, and one-half of the expense has been borne by each Government.

On the land portion of the boundary 2,550 metal monuments from 3 to 5 feet high, set in concrete foundations, at intervals of one-half to 3 miles apart, have been erected and vista cut along the line. To reference the water boundary, 1,647 metal or concrete marks have been erected on the shores, and 3,000 tile marks have been set along the Maine highlands between the large monuments. A total of 7,215 boundary marks have been set on the 4,150 miles of boundary line located, all of which were set in concrete foundations or in solid rock.

The geographic positions—that is, the latitude and longitude of each of these marks have been accurately determined and the positions of 8,000 triangulation stations have been marked and determined. Approximately 2,000 miles of levels have been run for the determination of the elevations of the marks and the control of the topography, and accurate topographic maps of the belt of country extending from one-half to 2 miles on either side of the boundary line have been made; that is, 5,000 square miles of the United States territory have been mapped.