Mr. CARR. So that the expenses amount to very little. Mr. SABATH. What are the instructions about handling these applications for passports? You call them passports? Mr. CARR. Yes. Mr. SABATH. Must they all have the passport of the foreign Government before they can be viséed? us. Mr. CARR. Yes. Mr. SABATH. Is there a universal order of instructions sent out? Mr. CARR. That is a requirement everywhere, I think. It is with Mr. SABATH. Must they first report to the department and then wait for that department over here to approve of the visé, or have they been given discretion from the beginning? They had no discretion as I understand and they were obliged to send a report in each and every case and frequently people would be held in ports for two or three months before they could leave. Mr. CARR. Yes. Mr. SABATH. But has that been removed? Mr. CARR. The disposition now is to place more and more responsibility upon the officer in the field? Mr. SABATH. And to hold them responsible? Mr. CARR. And to facilitate as much as possible the granting of these visées to people who deserve them. Mr. ROGERS. Has an alien whose visé is denied by the American consular officer abroad the right to appeal to the State Department? Mr. CARR. Yes; he would have the right to appeal, although I do not know of a case where any have appealed. Mr. ROGERS. I should think that there ought to be some machinery by which the arbitrary rejection abroad should be subject to review in Washington. Mr. CARR. It would always be subject to review, Mr. Chairman, in this way: If one of our consuls should object, and the alien should bring the case up to his own Government, his own Government could either approach our ambassador in a foreign capital, or through his own representative here approach this Government, and in that way have the action of the consul reviewed. Mr. ROGERS. And another way by which review could be obtained, would be for the relative in America to appeal to his Senator or Congressman and he would bring it to the attention of the depart ment. Mr. NEWTON. They have already discovered that method. Mr. MOORES. Would you be willing to make a recommendation to the Government of some of the Balkan States to have a change made in the way family names are supplied those fellows. They pay about 2 marks for a family name, and in one election county there were six Joseph Howarths who voted in one precinct. Each one had paid 2 marks for a family name, and the officer who sold him the name gave the name "Howarth." If they could be made to give a different selection of family names to these men, I would be glad to have it done. Mr. CARR. We do not have much difficulty about that sort of thing because we check the name with the photograph of the man. Mr. MOORES. They pay for their family names, those who have not family names; they get one for 2 marks. Mr. ROGERS. You spoke of having one other item that you wished to bring up. Mr. CARR. That was the item. Mr. ROGERS. There is one general question that I should like to ask on this bill. You appreciate, Mr. Carr-I am sure the department and the Secretary appreciate that this committee and this House and this Congress is expected to cut down to the very minimum the appropriations for the ensuing fiscal year. I have no doubt that you say that these estimates as submitted conform to that requirement. But if we are to cut in this committee or in the House, where can we cut with the least detriment to the foreign service? Mr. CARR. I hope that you will not cut, Mr. Chairman. I think we need every cent that we have estimated for, and I think, furthermore, that we have not estimated for as much as we ought to have estimated for this year, and I say that not because we want to have you appropriate a lot of money merely because we want it, but out of consideration for the interests of our people, our commerce, our diplomacy, our political interests, the interests of the very country itself abroad. Now, I do not think we have to-day as strong a State Department, as strong a diplomatic service, as strong a consular service as is absolutely and imperatively required to care for the interests of this Government and its people in the way they ought to be looked after and in the way they would be looked after if they were expected to look for protection to a great American corporation instead of to the Government itself. Just at this time when constructive statesmanship is of such supreme importance in our foreign relations, where the activities of the Government have expanded to so great a degree, when our foreign trade has increased over 300 per cent, our shipping nearly as much, our vested interests abroad running into the billions of dollars we should think very seriously of the wisdom of reducing the financial support of that branch of the Government upon which we have to rely for the protection of those interests. We have gone into that pretty fully in the last few days, and I hope you see the real seriousness of the existing situation and the absolute need for more money instead of less. We have been very modest in our estimates this year, but if you have to cut, if you are compelled to do it, then my suggestion is that you begin with the building in Habana. Mr. ROGERS. Then where would you go? Mr. CARR. Then I would go to the salaries of ambassadors and ministers. Mr. ROGERS. Then where would you go? Mr. CARR. Then I would make a reduction of contingent expenses for foreign missions-not too much of a reduction. Mr. ROGERS. $200,000, perhaps? Mr. CARR. Perhaps. Mr. ROGERS. And then you think that there might be a discontinuance of the appropriation for the Interparliamentary item appropriation of $2,000? Mr. CARR. I feel a delicacy about that, because it is particularly a congressional matter and not a State Department matter. Mr. MOORES. That will not be spent anyway. It is just a continuance of the appropriation. Mr. ROGERS. It is in the bill if we put it in. Mr. SABATH. It has been appropriated five years and has never been used. Mr. MOORES. It will not be next year. So that really that is not to be considered. Mr. ROGERS. We can take that up in executive session. Mr. MOORES. We want to give you everything that you need; but if some of the kittens have got to be drowned, we want you to pick the kittens. Mr. CARR. That is considerate of you, and I appreciate it, and I know the Secretary will; but I hope that you will leave enough money to run the Diplomatic and Consular Service and to retain our men, and also that you protect the credit of the Government in regard to international obligations. Mr. ROGERS. Mr. Carr, I am sure that I am speaking for this committee in saying that in the four or five days that you have been testifying you have been tremendously enlightening, and I congratulate you and congratulate ourselves on having such an able presentation of this question from every phase and every angle, and I think we want also to congratulate you upon the possession for the first time, so far as I know, of a very valuable assistant, to whom we have listened with great pleasure. Mr. CARR. I congratulate myself on the latter part very much. Mr. SABATH. You have asked questions relative to where it would be possible to bring about some reductions, and in view of the fact that to some people to whom it might appear that we are appropriating a great deal more money than formerly, I desire to ask this question: Do you know what our-because it has to do with foreign commerce mostly, and foreign intercourse-do you know what our foreign commerce amounted to in 1912, 1913, or 1914? Mr. CARR. I have not the figures right here. I can easily put them in the hearing. I do know, however, that our foreign commerce has increased by, I think, 300 per cent, or thereabouts. Mr. SABATH. If I am not mistaken, in 1912 exports amounted to one billion and two or three hundred thousand dollars, and I understand now that it amounts to seven or eight billion dollars, and, consequently, it requires larger forces to handle that increase in our commerce, and the business men and the people of this Nation will not tolerate the reduction of our force that has aided in increasing Our commerce. Mr. CARR. If we do not look after our commerce, a few years hence-10 years from now--we will find it to have been a very expensive thing to have failed to look after our commerce during the years succeeding the war. Mr. SABATH. You keep fairly well informed as to what the other nations are doing in trying to corral the trade and get back the trade and enlarge their trade in foreign countries? Do you know what they are doing? Mr. CARR. I try to; yes. Mr. SABATH. And they are moving heaven and earth to break in and to corral all the business they possibly can, are they not? Mr. CARR. That is perfectly true; and there is not to-day a single great power that is not reorganizing and expanding its foreign office, its diplomatic service, its consular service, and in many cases or in a number of cases I know of, the amount of money they are spending on their service is several times that which they spent in 1914. Great Britain is a notable example. Great Britain has not only expanded her foreign office but she has created an entirely new branch of the foreign office called the overseas trade department. She has doubled the salaries Mr. NEWTON. That is right in the foreign office-the overseas trade. Mr. CARR. Yes. She has doubled the salaries of her consular officers, she has increased the number of her paid consular service, she has practically revolutionized her consular service in that respect, at a great deal of additional expense, she has granted liberal local allowances to all of her consuls, and to her diplomatic officers as well, she has granted war bonuses to her officers in all the countries immediately affected by the war, she has granted representation allowances to her consular officers. And on that last point I would like to say just this, that she recognizes what we in this country have failed to recognize thus far, that the question of entertainment, of arranging conferences with men, although it does cost a little money, is a proper Government expenditure because it helps to increase the officers' facilities for promoting British trade and British influence. So that she is giving her officers a representation allowance for that particular purpose. It is precisely the sort of thing which Germany did before the war. Germany, on the other hand, has completely reorganized her foreign office, Sweden has completely reorganized her foreign office, the Netherlands Government has increased the amount which she has given to her foreign service for trade and other purposes of a similar character. France has just recently added very greatly to her foreign service machinery. Therefore, if we now seek to restrict the development of our own State Department and the Diplomatic and Consular Service, by cutting down appropriations, if we fail to strengthen them and to make them at least the equal in every respect of our commercial rivals, we shall later on deeply regret our lack of foresight and our loss of influence and commercial advantage. Mr. SABATH. One more question and I will not trouble you any more. I hear many complaints from manufacturers and exporters that their cables are being unnecessarily delayed and that their mail is unnecessarily delayed in Great Britain, and they are under the impression that it is being done deliberately for the purpose of hampering our exporters and our manufacturers and our foreign trade. I know that some of the smaller nations that rely upon the service of cables and communications that pass through Great Brit ain; these people complain bitterly of the great and unnecessary delay, and they charge it to Great Britain's deliberate program to hamper American trade. Have any of these complaints reached you? Mr. CARR. The handling of that particular question does not come directly within my jurisdiction. But I do know this, that the department has been making some inquiry into that matter with the result that we find there is no restriction on the part of cable companies in accepting business code messages except to destinations where the Government of the country to which the message is going objects to receiving it in code. Now, I am not familiar with just which Governments are interposing those objections, but I am perfectly sure that you may rely upon the department if there seems, after investigation, just cause or reason for it, to take those questions up and discuss them with the Governments concerned with a view to facilitating, so far as possible, freedom of intercourse by telegraph. Mr. ROGERS. Now, gentlemen, the only three items which we have left uncovered are those relating to the different phases of our boundary relationship. I understand that it is the desire of Mr. Porter that the committee should meet at 10 o'clock to-morrow morning and to hear two or three gentlemen especially conversant with those matters who will testify at that time. If there is no objection the committee will now stand adjourned. (Thereupon the committee at 5.25 o'clock p. m., adjourned until to-morrow, Wednesday, January 14, at 10 o'clock a. m.) COMMITTEE ON FOREIGN AFFAIRS, The committee this day met, Hon. Stephen D. Porter (chairman) presiding. The CHAIRMAN. The committee will come to order. STATEMENT BY MR. E. C. BARNARD, UNITED STATES BOUNDARY COMMISSION. The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Barnard, will you state your full name. Mr. BARNARD. E. C. Barnard, United States boundary commissioner, Room 410, 719 Fifteenth Street NW., Washington, D. C. The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Barnard, will you state to the committee what progress you have made with this work during the current year? Mr. BARNARD. Mr. Chairman and gentlemen, I have made up here in detail the field and office work done by the United States during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919. I can give you a summary of it, and then if the committee would care to put it in, it can be put in the record. It is all in detail. The general summary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1919, is as follows: There were 43.1 miles of boundary line surveyed. There were no large boundary monuments set. There were 79 small boundary monuments set, by that I mean, gentlemen, manganese bronze marks set in concrete foundations, or in solid rock. They project about |