ADMISSION OF TEMPORARILY ADMITTED ALIENS.

SEC. 26. (a) The Secretary may permanently admit to the United States any alien as to whom he finds:

(1) that he was temporarily admitted to the United States before February 1, 1923, (2) that at the time of such temporary admission he was a minor;

(3) that he bears to a citizen of the United States residing therein any of the degrees of relationship specified in subdivision (a) of section 4; and

(4) that permanent and adequate provision (including the giving of such bonds in such sum, with such sureties, and with such conditions, as the Secretary deems necessary) has been made for his care and support in the United States and that he is not likely to become a public charge.

(b) If at any time after the permanent admission of such alien he becomes a public charge he shall be taken into custody and deported in the same manner as provided for in sections 19 and 20 of the immigration act of 1917.

SEC. 27. As used in this act

GENERAL DEFINITIONS.

(a) The term "United States," when used in a geographical sense, means the States, the Territories of Alaska and Hawaii, the District of Columbia, Porto Rico, and the Virgin Islands;

(b) The term "alien" includes any individual not a native-born or naturalized citizen of the United States, but this definition shall not be held to include Indians of the United States not taxed, nor citizens of the islands under the jurisdiction of the United States;

(c) The term "eligible to citizenship," when used in reference to any individual, does not include an individual who is debarred from becoming a citizen of the United States under section 2169 of the Revised Statutes, or under section 14 of the Act. entitled "An act to execute certain treaty stipulations relating to Chinese," approved May 6, 1882, or under section 2 of the act entitled "An act to authorize the President to increase temporarily the Military Establishment of the United States," approved May 18, 1917. as amended, or under law amendatory of, supplementary to, or in substitution for, any of such sections;

(d) The term "immigration certificate" means a certificate issued by a consular officer under the provisions of this act, together with the application therefor;

(e) The term consular officer" means any consular or diplomatic officer of the United States designated, under regulations prescribed under this act, for the purpose of issuing immigration certificates under this act. In case of the Canal Zone and the insular possessions of the United States the term "consular officer" means an officer designated by the President for the purpose of issuing immigration certificates under this act;

(f) The term "Immigration act of 1917" means the act of February 5, 1917, entitled "An act to regulate the immigration of aliens to, and the residence of aliens in, theUnited States";

(g) The term "immigration laws" includes such act, this act, and all laws, conventions, and treaties of the United States relating to the immigration, exclusion, or expulsion of aliens;

(h) The term "person" includes individuals, partnerships, corporations. and associations;

(i) The term "Secretary" means the Secretary of Labor;

(j) The term "Commissioner General" means the Commissioner General of Im-migration;

(k) The term "application for admission" has reference to the time of the application for admission to the United States and not to the time of the application for the issuance of the immigration certificate;

(1) The term "permit" means a permit issued under section 9;

(m) The term "landing card" means a landing card issued under section 20;

(n) The term "unmarried," when used in reference to any individual as of any time, means an individual who at such time is not married, whether or not previously married.

TIME OF TAKING EFFECT.

SEC. 28. (a) Sections 2, 7, 12, 13, 14, 15, and 18, and subdivision (b) of section 10, shall take effect on July 1, 1923, except that immigration certificates and permits may be issued prior to that date, which shall not be valid for admission to the United States before July 1, 1923. In the case of quota immigrants of any nationality the

number of certificates to be issued prior to July 1, 1923, shall not be in excess of 10 per centum of the quota for such nationality, and the number of certificates so issued shall be deducted from the number which may be issued during the month of July, 1923.

(b) The remainder of this act shall take effect upon its enactment.

REPEAL.

SEC. 29. The act entitled "An act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States," approved May 19, 1921, as amended and extended, shall not have effect as to any alien applying for admission to the United States after June 30, 1923.

ADMISSION OF RELATIVES UNDER 1921 ACT.

SEC. 30. Any alien declared to be a non-quota immigrant by reason of relationship under the provisions of subdivision (a) or (b) of section 4 of this act may be admitted to the United States prior to July 1, 1923, free from the provisions of such act of May 19, 1921, as amended and extended, and shall not be counted in reckoning any of the percentage limits provided in such act, if such alien has a certificate from a consular officer permitting such entry; but such certificate shall be issued only under the same conditions and limitations provided in this act in the case of an alien admissible, after June 30, 1923, as a non-quota immigrant under subdivision (a) or (b) of section 4. Amend the title so as to read: "An act to limit the immigration of aliens into the United States."

PROVISIONS OF S. 4092.

S. 4092 is an act to admit to the United States not more than 25,000 orphaned or homeless Armenian children under 16 years of age, and to admit in addition thereto the husbands, wives, parents, and grandparents, unmarried or widowed daughters, granddaughters, sisters, sons, grandsons, and brothers under 18 years of age of the Armenian race who have fled from Turkish territory since 1914 to join relatives in the United States who may be either citizens or declarants. Admission to be on the application of the residents, subject to the conditions of the immigration laws except the quota act.

PROPOSED AMENDMENT.

The amendment proposed by the House committee strikes out all of the provisions of S. 4092 and offers in lieu thereof a bill to restrict immigration on a constructive plan more orderly than any heretofore presented.

CERTAIN RELATIVES OF CITIZENS.

The amendment recognizes the justice of giving to citizens of the United States the privilege of bringing to their own firesides certain close relatives, namely, a husband, wife, father, mother, unmarried minor child, unmarried minor brother or sister, or unmarried minor orphan niece or nephew. This does not permit future pyramiding as the parents of orphans are dead, and the parents of the others are identical with those of the relatives in the United States.

HIGHLY LIMITED PROVISIONS IN RE RELATIVES OF DECLARANTS.

The amendment grants this privilege in much more limited degree to aliens who have resided in the United States at least two years and who have been declarants for citizenship for at least one year. This

line is limited to the husband, wife, and unmarried minor children, all of whom must comply with all of the restrictive provisions of the present immigration laws except the quota act.

"6
NO ENDLESS CHAIN" OF RELATIVES.

Objections to the effect that the admission of wives and children of aliens who have been here at least two years, and who have had first papers for at least one year will result in an "endless chain" proposition, in that those first-paper aliens will ultimately have citizenship papers and will then be able to bring fathers, mothers, and orphaned nieces and nephews, are unsound, in the opinion of the committee.

The bringing of such persons will not be in great numbers, and does not open new lines of blood or collateral relationship. The only new families permissible are those few who may come as under certain exempted classes (minister and wife, etc.), and those who may come as quota" immigrants.

66

Herein lies one of the prime reasons for reduction of quota to 2 per cent and establishment of base for quota on the 1890 census. The plan is to admit the fewest possible number of new individualsnew seed-a top number of 186,437 annually as against a possible 387,803 new family lines under present quota law.

Further, the gross immigration since the outbreak of war in Europe to date-eight and one-half years-has been small, and made up in considerable part of members of families endeavoring

to unite.

Now is the time to reduce the possibility of the entrance of new individuals of new families to the lowest practical minimum, which the bill of the House committee does. It reduces rather than increases the endless-chain possibilities.

The committee believes that the preference clauses in the present quota act have resulted in many families being brought together.

Grandparents are denied admission as "nonquota" immigrants in order to prevent future appeals for admission from lines running to the grandparents. The latter must come within quotas or not at all.

TO END PERSONAL APPEALS.

The committee also believes that Senators and Representatives desire to be relieved of the necessity of making continued personal appeal in behalf of constituents in behalf of this or that family which has been divided through the rigidity of the present quota act.

The personal appeal presents great opportunity for fraudulent and shyster lawyers and dishonest go-betweens, as the committee has abundance of proof. These crooks often use the names of Senators and Representatives without the knowledge of the latter and at cost to uninformed, unsuspecting, and helpless persons, who are thus bitterly imposed on.

WILL PREVENT ARRIVAL OF UNFORTUNATES AT GATES OF UNITED

STATES.

In behalf of the whole measure it may be said that Senators and Representatives, as well as all of their constituents, desire to end the arrival at the gates of the United States through misinformation or

misunderstanding of the general law, or misinterpretation of the quota law of those who can not be admitted. It is the sincere belief, of those who offer this measure that it will reduce such cases to the lowest possible minimum. Twice in 20 months has Congress acted by joint resolution to correct quota-law hardships.

Instead of limiting relief to Armenian refugees, the committee believes that such relief should not be so limited to people of one race, for treaty and other reasons, and the committee believes that. under its plan of strict regulation and searching examination both here and abroad there will be neither fraud nor excessive admissions.

2 PER CENT ON 1890 CENSUS, PLUS A BASE QUOTA OF 400.

Inasmuch as the amendment of the House committee offers opportunity of admission to certain relatives, the committee believes that general immigration in addition thereto should be further restricted. Therefore the House amendment revises the quota act of May 19, 1921, as amended and extended, and reduces the quota to 2 per cent based on the census of 1890, rather than 3 per cent on the census of 1910 as at present. In addition to 2 per cent of the number of foreign-born individuals of the various nationalities resident in the United States as' determined by the census of 1890, each such country is granted a base quota of 400. This is for the purpose of preventing unnecessarily small divisions from countries with extremely small quotas. The number of countries to be named as entitled to quotas will remain at 44, so that a possible 17,600 immigrants are added to quotas, which in many cases will be almost nil.

Thus the total quota will equal 168,837 plus the total base quota of 17,600, or 186,437, as against a possible quota admission of 357,803 under the present law. It is believed that admission of nonquota classes will fall considerably short of the difference between these two figures. This belief is supported by a study of recent immigration and consular statistics showing, first, that the total exempt classes under the present law are numerically small; and, second, that of the number of aliens now seeking to come to relatives a comparatively small number is coming to join citizens. Statistical tables showing classification of arriving and departing aliens for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922, as well as tables for the first six months of the present fiscal year, are attached.

The determination of quotas, geographical boundaries, etc., is to be made by the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Labor, as in the present act.

EQUALIZATION RATHER THAN DISCRIMINATION.

It should be stated that the reduction of the quotas to 2 per cent of the foreign born in the United States, according to the 1890 census, is not proposed for reasons in any sense discriminatory. It is assumed that some nations may represent to the State Department that to base the quotas on the census of 1890 amounts to discrimination against those nations whose nationals did not begin to come to the United States in considerable numbers until after that period. But this contention can not be well sustained for the following reason: The House committee's plan admits the close relatives of naturalized citizens and of certain declarants. Those who have come to the 78952-24-SER 1A-2

United States in the largest numbers in recent years make the greatest demand for the admission of these relatives, including wives and children. The resultant immigration under the House committee's proposal will be, therefore, from the countries which are granted small quotas by the use of 1890 census figures. Thus the plan brings about, as nearly as any set numerical plan of restriction can do so, an equalization rather than a discrimination. Countries which exhaust quotas are thus put on a par with countries which do not exhaust quotas.

Further, the use of the 1890 census as a standard gives a more equal proportion to those countries whose immigrants were the parents of children born in the United States and who, while representing social groups entitled to consideration, are in fact discriminated against under the present law for the very reason that they are better assimilated into our body politic.

To carry this out a little further, the later the immigrants have arrived, the closer their point of contact with those of their families left behind, while those who came here several decades ago have either brought relatives here to whom they owed support and assistance, or have fallen out of touch with them.

The total number of immigrants into the United States from western Europe between 1871 and 1880 was 2,080,266, while the total from southern and eastern Europe was only 181,638. But between 1901 and 1910 the total from the former was 2,007,119, while the number from southern and eastern Europe increased to 6,128,897. Thus, while immigration from western Europe was almost the same for the two decades, that from southern and eastern Europe increased from 181,000 to over 6,000,000. During the former period immigration from the latter portion constituted only 9 per cent of the total from Europe, while in the period from 1901 to 1910 it was about 75 per cent. The following table shows the gradual decrease of the old and rapid increase of the new immigration:

Total immigration from Europe, old and new (1882–1914)................. 19, 526, 163 The quick exhaustion, during the past 20 months, of quotas allotted to certain countries from which the newer immigration has come,

1 Hearings, House Committee on Immigration and Naturalization, 67th Cong., 4th sess., p. 588.