for the western district from 1853 to 1857. He then served in Congress from 1857 to 1873, and in the Senate from 1875 to 1893. During this time he was active on several committees, particularly on that of Indian Affairs.

DAWES, RICHARD (1708-66). An English Greek scholar, educated at Cambridge. In 1738 he was made master of Saint Mary's Hospital at Newcastle, where he continued for ten years. His mastership was not successful. In 1749 he resigned and retired to Heworth, where he died. His last years were clouded by incipient insanity. Dawes is best known for his Miscellanea Critica, first published at Cambridge (1745). The best edition is by Kidd (Cambridge, 1817, 1827). This is a work of genuine worth, but contains some unfortunate attacks on Bentley. It embraces emendations on Terentianus Maurus, Aristophanes, and the Greek tragedians; discussions of the correct pronunciation of Greek, the use of the subjunctive and optative moods, the digamma, ictus, etc. Consult: Luard, in Dictionary of National Biography, vol. xiv. (London, 1888); Monk, Life of Bentley, vol. ii. (London, 1830); and Hodgson, Archæologia Eliana, vol. ii. (Newcastle, 1832).

DAWISON, dä'vê-son, BOGUMIL (1818-72). A Polish-German actor, born at Warsaw, of Jewish parents. He began his career on the Polish stage in his native city and afterwards played at Lemberg. Inspired there by the acting of two distinguished members of the Vienna Court Theatre, he resolved to identify himself henceforth with the German stage, applied himself assiduously to the study of the German language, and soon appeared with success in principal parts of standard dramas. In 1847 he played for the first time in Germany at Ham burg, was invited to Vienna in 1849, and there won great applause, especially in Shakespearean parts. In 1852 he became connected with the Court Theatre at Dresden, where he remained until 1864, interrupting his engagement only by traveling tours to the principal cities of Germany. Through his great talent and by his own exertions he had attained such eminence on the German stage as to be deemed by many the greatest actor of his time. In 1866 he came to America, where he appeared with great success during two years. Soon after his return to Dresden in 1869 he became insane, and never recovered.

DAW'KINS, JOHN. See ARTFUL DODGER,

THE.

DAWKINS, WILLIAM BOYD (1838-). An English geologist and paleontologist, appointed professor at Owens College in 1874. He was born at Welshpool, Montgomeryshire, Wales, and after graduating at Jesus College, Oxford (1860), became assistant geologist (1862), and later geologist (1867), to the Geological Survey of Great Britain. He was a member of the Channel Tunnel Committee (1882), and, after making a geological survey of the French and English coasts, laid down the line for a tunnel under the Humber (1883-84). His principal scientific work relates to the investigations of cave faunas. In addition to his papers on fossil mammalia contributed to the Proceedings of the Geological, Anthropological, and Royal societies, he published: Cave-Hunting (1874); Researches on the Evidences of Caves Respecting the Early

Inhabitants of Europe (1874); Early Man in Britain (1880); British Pleistocene Mammalia (1866-87). He was made examiner at the University of London in 1885.

DAW'LISH. An attractive and popular seaside resort in Devonshire, England (Map: England, C 6). It is situated in a sheltered valley opening on the English Channel, 12 miles southwest of Exeter. Population, in 1891, 4200; in 1901, 4000.

DAW'SON. A city and county-seat of Terrell County, Ga., 98 miles southwest of Macoy, on the Central of Georgia and the Sea Board Air Line railroads (Map: Georgia, B 4). It is in a cotton and fruit growing district and has cotton-oil, lumber, and grist mills. Settled about 1855, it revised charter of 1891 the city is governed by was incorporated the following year. Under a a mayor, elected for a term of two years, and a board of aldermen. Pop., 1900, 2926.

Territory, in the northwestern part of Canada. DAWSON. A river port, the capital of Yukon It is situated on the right bank of the Yukon River, at its confluence with the Klondike, in about latitude 64° 5' N., longitude 139° 30′ W., 360 miles direct north-northwest of Skagway, and about 1500 miles above the mouth of the Yukon River. It lies at an elevation of about 1400 feet above the sea, and near the site of old Fort Reliance (Map: Canada, C 4). It is the distributing and receiving centre of the Klondike gold-mining region, and has a United States consulate, banks, and several large trading warehouses. The town dates from shortly after the discovery of gold on Bonanza Creek, August 16, 1896. It is now a busy and well-established business centre. Since 1904 its government has been administered by the Territory. It is connected by a fleet of river steamers with the posts and stations on both the lower and upper Yukon, and with telegraph lines to the coast. Population, 1901, 9142; 1906 (est.) 3000.

DAWSON, ALEC JOHN (1872-). An English novelist. He was born at Wandsworth, near London. After three years at sea he ran away while in Australia, and began a life of adventure, traveling in the South Sea Islands, New Zealand, India, Mauritius, South America, West Africa, Morocco, Portugal, California, and all parts of Europe. He won attention with a collection of West Africa stories entitled In the Bight of Benin (1897), which was followed by African Nights' Entertainments, a series of fiery stories of love and adventure in Northern Africa. Among his other novels are: Mere Sentiment (1897); Middle Greyness (1897); Bismillah, a Romance (1898); God's Foundling (1898); Story of Ronald Kestrel (1900); The Half Caste (1901); Evolution and Its Bearing on Religions (1901); Hidden Manna (1902).

DAWSON, GEORGE MERCER (1849-1901). A Canadian geologist, son of Sir John William Dawson. He was born in Truro, Nova Scotia, and educated at McGill University and at the Royal School of Mines in London. In 1873 he received the appointment of geologist and botanist to the North American Boundary Commission, and subsequently he was on the staff of the Geological Survey of Canada. He was a member of the Bering Sea Commission in 1891. From 1895 until his death he filled the office of director of the Geological Survey of Canada, jǹ

DAWSON.

which connection he rendered important services to his country. His numerous scientific papers were published mostly in the reports of the survey. He was the author of Descriptive Sketch of the Physical Geography and Geology of Canada (1884), and of The Physical and Geological Features of Part of the Rocky Mountains (1885). DAWSON, JEMMY. A youthful follower of the Young Pretender, hanged, drawn, and quartered before the eyes of his sweetheart.

DAWSON, Sir JOHN WILLIAM (1820-99). Canadian geologist and educator, born in Pictou, Nova Scotia. He entered the University of Edinburgh, where for some time he pursued the study of science, and, upon returning to Nova Scotia, began active work in geology. In 1841 he assisted Sir Charles Lyell in exploring the geological formations of Nova Scotia, as a result of which he collected much new and valuable material in paleontology. The results of his early investigations were published in Acadian Geology (3d ed. 1880), and in American and foreign periodicals. In 1850 he became Superintendent of Education in Nova Scotia, and in 1855 he was called to McGill University as professor of natural history, afterwards becoming vice-chancellor. Dawson was recognized as an authority on Canadian geology, a subject to which he gave much study and contributed many valuable works. His name has been associated

nent. He was also known as one of the ablest

Geological Time

particularly with the controversy over the supposed fossil 'Eozoön,' which was found among the earliest rocks in the North American contiopponents of the application of the Darwinian theory to the origin of life forms. Among his important works are the following: Acadia (1851); The Story of the Earth and Man (1872); The Dawn of Life (1875); The Origin of the World (1877); The Change of Life in (1880); Egypt and Syria (1885); Modern Ideas of Evolution (1890); Some Salient Points in the Science of the Earth (1894); and The Meeting Place of Geology and History (1894). In 1882 he received the Lyell medal of the Geological Society of London, and the same year he was elected president of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. In 1884 he was knighted. In 1886 he was president of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. He was also an honorary member of many American and foreign

societies.

DAWSON, THOMAS CLELAND (1865-). An American lawyer and diplomat, born in Hudson, Wis. He graduated at Hanover College, Ind., in 1886, was admitted to the Iowa bar in 1886 and practiced law in Des Moines and Council Bluffs, la. In 1891 he became State Attorney-General, and from 1897 to 1904 was secretary of the United States legation to Brazil, when he was appointed minister and consul to Santo Domingo.

DAWSON, WILLIAM JAMES (1854-). An English clergyman and author. He was born at Towchester, Northamptonshire; was educated at Didsbury College, Manchester, and entered the Wesleyan ministry in 1875. He resigned from the Wesleyan ministry and entered the Congregational in 1892. In 1904 he resigned his charge in London to devote himself to evangelistic work. He wrote A Vision of Souls (1884); Quest and Vision, Essays on Life and Literature (1886; en

DAX. The capital of an arrondissement in the Department of Landes, France, on the Adour, 32 miles northeast of Bayonne by rail. The principal building is the former cathedral, rebuilt by Louis XIV. in the seventeenth century. The site of the ancient Roman walls and moat is now occupied by the Promenade des Ramparts. Dax is famous as a health resort, owing to its thermal springs and baths of every description. It has a considerable trade in agricultural produce, wine, and timber, and manufactures liqueurs and pottery. The ancient capital of the Tarbelli, Dax was known to the Romans as Aquæ Tarbellicæ, afterwards as Civitas Aquensium. passed through the hands of several conquering races, being last held by the English from the twelfth to the fifteenth century. Population, in 1901, 10,329.

It

DAY (AS. dæg, Icel. dagr, Goth. dags, OHG. tac, Ger. Tag; probably connected with Skt. dah, Lith. degti, to burn, OPruss. dagas, summer). Originally the space of time during which it is light, in contrast to the space of darkness or night. It now more usually denotes a complete alternation of light and darkness. It is the earth's rotation that causes these changes of light and darkness. The earth being a globe, only one-half of it can be in the sun's light at half is in its own shadow, or in night; and once; that half enjoys daylight, while the other by the earth's rotation the several portions of the surface have each their turn of light and of

darkness.

Astronomers recognize more than one kind of day. If the time is noted when a particular fixed star is exactly south or on the meridian, when the same star comes again to the meridian the next day, the earth has made exactly one rotation, and the time that has elapsed is called of the same length; for the motion of the earth a sidereal day. This portion of time is always on its axis is strictly uniform, and is perhaps the only strictly uniform motion that nature presents to us. Sidereal time, or star time, from its unvarying uniformity, is much used by astronomers. But the passage of a star across the meridian is not a conspicuous enough event for regulating the movements of men in general. It is not a complete rotation of the earth, but a complete alternation of light and darkness, that constitutes their day. This, which is called the civil or the solar day, is measured between two meridian passages of the sun, and is about four minutes longer than the sidereal day. The cause of the greater length is this: When the earth has made one complete turn, so as to bring the meridian of the place to the same position among the fixed stars as when it was noon the day before, the sun has in the meantime (apparently) moved eastward nearly one degree among the stars, and it takes the earth

about four minutes more to move round so as to overtake it. If this eastward motion of the sun were uniform, the length of the solar day would be as simple and as easily determined as that of the sidereal. But the ecliptic or sun's path crosses the earth's equator, and is therefore more oblique to the direction of the earth's rota tion at one time than another; and besides, as the earth moves in its orbit with varying speed, the rate of the sun's apparent motion in the ecliptic, which is caused by that of the earth, must also vary. The consequence is that the length of the solar day is constantly fluctuating: and, to get a fixed measure of solar time, astronomers have to imagine a sun moving uniformly in the celestial equator, and completing its circuit in the same time as the real sun. The time marked by this imaginary sun is called mean solar time; when the imaginary sun is on the meridian, it is mean noon; when the real sun is on the meridian it is apparent noon. It is obvious that a sun-dial must show apparent time, while clocks and watches keep mean time. Only in four days of the year do these two kinds of solar time coincide. In the intervals the sun is always either too fast or too slow; and the difference is called the equation of time (q.v.), because, when added to or subtracted from apparent time, it makes it equal to mean time. The mean solar day is divided into 24 hours, the hours into minutes and seconds. A sidereal day, we have seen, is shorter; its exact length is 23 hours, 56 minutes, 4 seconds of mean solar or common time. Astronomers divide the sidereal day also into 24 hours, which are of course shorter than common hours. In the course of a civil year of 365 days, the earth turns on its axis 366 times, or there are 366 sidereal days. Astronomers reckon the solar day as beginning at noon, and count the hours from 0 to 23. The civil day begins at midnight, and the hours are counted in two divisions of twelve each. The ecclesiastical day was formerly reckoned from sunset to sunset. See INTERNATIONAL DATE LINE; TIME, STANDARD.

To find the day of the week for any date, past or future, there are several methods, but the simplest and most easily understood is as foliows: First, there is a constant' for the style -for new style it is 6, for old style 4. (In Eng lish chronology, new style begins 1752, September 14.) Then there is a 'constant' for each month-in new style, for January, 1; for February, 4; for March, 4; for April, 0; for May, 2; for June, 5; for July, 0; for August, 3; for September, 6; for October 1; for November, 4; for December, 6. (In leap years the constants for January and February are one less; that is, for January, 0; for February, 3.) Now (for new style), multiply the number representing the century by 5, and add one-fourth to the product (omitting fractions). For instance: In 1880 the century number is 18, which, multiplied by 5, makes 90, and one-fourth of 18 (omitting fractions) is 4; hence the product is 94. Next add the number of the odd years (be sides the century number), and add one-fourth (omitting fractions) to their total. Next add the days of the month. Then add all these figures together, and finally divide the sum by 7; the remainder will show the day of the week, remainder of 1 showing the first day of the week, or Sunday; remainder of 2 showing the second

Divide 108 by 7 and the remainder is 3; so the year 1901 must begin on the third day of the week, or Tuesday.

For Old Style the constant is 4 and the number of the century is multiplied by 6, without addition of the one-fourth. The constants for months are the same as in New Style, and one-fourth (omitting fractions) is added to the odd year. Example for Old Style: On what day of the week did Columbus land on his voyage of discovery (October 12, 1492)?

Divide by 7 and the remainder is 6-i.e. the required day is the sixth day of the week, or Friday.

For leap-years, care must be taken in both Old and New Style to reduce the constants for January and February by one for each of those two months. See CALENDAR.

DAY. In law, the period of time between midnight and midnight within which a specified legal act may be performed. This entire period of twenty-four hours is the 'natural' day. The 'artificial' or conventional day (dies artificialis), or the 'legal' day, as it is sometimes called, varies according to the nature of the act to be performed. Coke, referring to the day of the appearance of parties in a suit, described it as extending from sunrise to sunset. For many purposes the legal day is limited to the usual business hours (q.v.), as of a bank or other business house, and its length is often determined by the hours observed by the community, or artificially determined by the usage of a particular calling. Thus the day of the stock exchange means the hours (say from 10 A.M. to 3 P.M.) within which deliveries of stock and settlements must be made, in order to avoid forfeiture or other penalty. Usually, the legal day is coextensive with the natural day.

'Court days' are those days of the year in which courts may lawfully sit and process issue, though in some parts of the United States the expression is used to describe the days on which the courts actually sit. In England and the United States, Sundays and certain holidays are generally not court days (dies non juridici), excepting for such acts as are necessary to the preservation of the peace. By a legal fiction, a day is for many purposes regarded as a point of time, and a fraction of a day disregarded. See DIES NON; TIME, STANDARD.

DAYS OF GRACE. The time at which a note is actually due, or at maturity, is in general by mercantile custom three days after the time ex

DAY.

pressed on the face of it, the additional days being called days of grace. If the third day of grace fall on a Sunday, the note is payable the day before. If it fall on a holiday, the note is payable the day after. The Negotiable Instruments Law in force in one-half of the States abolishes days of grace.

DAY, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN (?-). An American naval officer, born in Ohio. He attended the United States Naval Academy in 185861, during the Civil War served with the West Gulf (1861-64) and North Atlantic (1864-65) blockading squadrons, and attained the rank of lieutenant-commander in 1866. In 1876 he became commander, in 1891 captain, in 1899 rearadmiral, and in 1900 was retired from the service. From 1897 to 1900 he was a member of the Naval Examining Board.

DAY, GEORGE EDWARD (1815-1905). An American theologian. He was born in Massachusetts; graduated at Yale in 1833, and in 1838 at the Yale Theological Seminary, where he was assistant instructor in sacred literature. From 1840 to 1851 he was in the ministry; from 1851 to 1866 he occupied the chair of biblical literature in Lane Theological Seminary; and from the latter date that of Hebrew language and biblical theology in Yale Divinity School. From 1863 to 1871 he was editor of the Theological Eclectic, and, besides contributions to periodicals, published a translation (1871) of the Biblical Theology of the New Testament of Van Oosterzee; an American edition (1883) of Ehler's Biblical Theology of the Old Testament; and other works.

DAY, HENRY NOBLE 1808-90). An American author and educator. He was born at Washington, Conn.; graduated at Yale College in 1828, at the Yale Divinity School in 1834, and was ordained to the Congregational ministry. He became professor of sacred rhetoric in Western Reserve College in 1840, and was president of the Ohio Female College from 1858 to 1864. Besides numerous contributions to periodical literature, his works include: The Art of Elocution (1844); The Art of Rhetoric (1850); Elements of Logic (1867); The Science of Esthetics (1872); The Science of Thought (1886); Elements of Mental Science (1889).

DAY, JAMES ROSCOE (1845-). An American educator, born at Whitneyville, Maine. He studied at Bowdoin, was ordained a minister of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and in 1893 became chancellor of Syracuse University. He was elected bishop in 1904 but resigned.

DAY, JEREMIAH (1773-1867). An American educator, born in New Preston, Conn. He graduated at Yale in 1795, was made professor of mathematics and natural philosophy there in 1803, and was president of the college from 1822 to 1846. He published An Introduction to Algebra (1814); Navigation and Surveying (1817); and several works on philosophy.

DAY, JOHN (c.1640). An English dramatist. He was born at Cowston, and in 1592 was admitted to Caius College, Cambridge, which he left the next year without a degree. Be tween 1598 and 1603 he collaborated with Dekker, Chettle, and others on at least twenty-two plays, of which only The Blind Beggar seems to have been printed. Day is remembered for a

VOL. VI.-2.

vivacious comedy, The Isle of Gulls (1606), and for a dainty masque, The Parliament of Bees (1641, but written much earlier). Consult: Works, ed. by Bullen (London, 1887); and Ward, History of English Dramatic Literature (London, 1899).

DAY, THOMAS (1748-89). An English author. He was born in London, and was educated at Corpus Christi College, Oxford. He strongly sympathized with the Americans at the time of the Revolutionary War and expressed his views in The Devoted Legions (1776), and The Desolation of America (1777); but he also strongly denounced American negro slavery in Reflections on the Present State of England and the Independence of America (1762). He will be remembered, however, chiefly as the author of the famous History of Sandford and Merton (3 vols., 1783-89) and the History of Little Jack (1788). He was a character of remarkable nobility and expended almost his entire fortune in philanthrophy. His eccentricities, due to his refusal to compromise with worldliness, and his adherence to the doctrines of Rousseau, then recently promulgated, led him into many extraordinary experiences. He was killed by being thrown from a fractious colt, while testing a theory that all His animals could be managed by kindness. Poems may be found in vol. lviii. (1822) of the British Poets. Consult his Life, by Keir (London, 1791), and that by Blackman (London, 1862).

DAY, WILLIAM RUFUS (1849-). An American statesman and jurist. He was born at Ravenna, Ohio, graduated at the University of Michigan in 1870, studied law at the same place, and in 1872 he was admitted to the Ohio bar. He was elected to a judgeship in the Court of Common Pleas (1886-90). In 1897 he was appointed Assistant Secretary of State, and in 1898 Secretary of Stat. Later in the year he resigned his secretaryship and was named chairman of the United States Peace Commission which arranged terms of peace with Spain. From 1899 to 1903 he was Judge of the United States Circuit Court, and in February, 1903, was appointed an associate-justice of the United States Supreme Court.

DAY, STEPHEN. See DAYE, STEPHEN.
DAYAL, di'àl. See DHYAL-BIRD.
DAY-BLINDNESS, or HEMERALOPIA.
SIGHT, DEFECTS OF.

See

DAYE, dã, or DAY, STEPHEN (1611-68). The first printer in the English colonies in America. He was born in London, was there a printer's apprentice, and in 1639 assumed charge at Cambridge, Mass., of the printing apparatus which the Rev. Jesse Glover had succeeded in obtaining for the colony. He continued in this post until 1649, when for reasons not ascertainable he was superseded. In 1641 the General Court ordered that he, "being the first that sett upon printing, is graunted three hundred acres of land." An action brought by him against President Henry Dunster, of Harvard, to recover £100 for alleged services resulted in a verdict for the defendant. His press-work is tolerable, according to Thomas (History of Printing in America, 1810), but his composition exceedingly deficient. Oath He printed the Freeman's (1639); An Almanack, Calculated for New

England, by William Pierce, mariner (1639); the first book printed in America, The Psalms in Metre, Faithfully Translated for the Use, Edification, and Comfort of the Saints (1640), commonly known as "The Bay Psalm-Book"; and other publications, for a list of which consult: Thomas, The History of Printing in America (Worcester, 1810); Timperley, A Dictionary of Printers and Printing (Manchester, 1839).

DAY-FLY. See MAY-FLY.

DAY-LILY (so called because the flowers usually last one day), Hemerocallis. A genus of plants of the natural order Liliacea, with bell-shaped flowers. Several species are cultivated in flower-gardens, especially the fragrant yellow day-lily or lemon lily (Hemerocallis flava), a native of Hungary, Siberia, and the north of China. It has also been recommended to farmers as affording a supply of a most acceptable green food to cattle. Hemerocallis fulva, a native of Europe and temperate Asia, produces more abundant foliage, and cattle are equally fond of it. Both species are fibrous-rooted perennials, with linear leaves. Five or six other species are met with in cultivation, forming a group of fine, hardy perennial ornamentals. The variety major of Hemerocallis aurantiaca is said to be the finest of all the day-lilies.

DAY OF BARRICADES. The name given to an insurrection of the Parisians on May 12, 1588, during the War of the Three Henrys. Henry III. had fortified himself in the Louvre, against Henry, Duke of Guise. The city guards failed him, the populace pushed forward barricades, and the Swiss guards were saved from massacre only by the intervention of the Duke of Guise. The insurrection against Mazarin, August 27, 1648, is also known as the Day of the Barricades.

DAY OF SECTIONS. The name given to an attempted assault on the Tuileries by the National Guard, on October 4, 1795, in order to compel the Convention to change its measures. The uprising was overcome by Napoleon, who on that occasion received his first appointment.

After the first encounter the forces of the Convention disarmed the various sections.

DAY-OWL. An owl often seen abroad during the day. See HAWK-OWL.

DAYSMAN. An arbitrator, umpire, or judge. The term is of Anglo-Saxon origin, and is still employed in the northern part of England, to describe an unofficial judge or arbitrator to whom a matter in dispute is referred. It was in more common use in Wiclif's day, from whom it was taken over into the Authorized Version of the Bible, in the exclamation of Job: "Neither is there any daysman betwixt us, that might lay his hand upon us both" (Job ix. 33). The origin of the term is obscure.

DAY'S WORK. In nautical language, the navigation work done every 24 hours. The term is generally restricted to making the deadreckoning computations. See NAVIGATION.

DAYTON. A city in Campbell County, Ky., on the Ohio River, opposite Cincinnati, Ohio, and on the Chesapeake and Ohio Railroad (Map: Kentucky, G 1). It contains the Speers Memorial Hospital. The city has large plants for the manufacture of watch-cases, pianos, and whisky. Settled in 1849, and incorporated the same year under the name of Jamestown, Dayton is now

governed under a charter of 1893, by a mayor elected every four years, and a city council. Pop., 1900, 6104; 1906 (local census), 8537.

The

Seven electric

DAYTON. A city and the county-seat of Montgomery County, Ohio, in the rich and densely settled Miami Valley, on both banks of the Great Miami River, at its junction with the Stillwater and Mad rivers; 50 miles north by east of Cincinnati and 61 miles west by south of Columbus (Map: Ohio, B 6). Its steam railroads are the Erie; the Cincinnati, Hamilton and Dayton; the Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis; the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago and St. Louis; the Dayton and Union. Miami and Erie Canal, connecting the Ohio River at Cincinnati with Lake Erie at Toledo, runs through Dayton, furnishing freight transportation and limited water power. traction lines and many free pikes enter the city. inal plat being regularly laid out with broad Dayton's area is eleven square miles, the origstreets. There are 185 miles of improved streets, of which 34 miles are paved with asphalt, brick or stone. The system of storm and sanitary sewage is extensive and modern. Natural gas is largely used for domestic and heating purposes. The principal public buildings are the old court house, modeled after the Parthenon, the new court house, Steele High School, Dayton State Hospital, Saint Elizabeth Hospital, Miami Valley Hospital, and the Public Library and Museum. The last, standing in Cooper Park, contains 64,000 volumes and is supplemented by four branch libraries. There are seven national banks, two savings and trust companies and twenty building and loan associations. Van Cleve Park, South Park, and the Boulevard Cooper Park, constitute Dayton's park system. The National Military Home for Disabled Volunteers, one mile west of the city, accommodates over 6000 inmates. The public schools comprise one high, one manual training, and twenty-two district schools, with an enumeration of about 26,000. The Roman Catholics maintain a boys' college, a girls' academy, and eleven parochial schools.

Dayton ranks third among Ohio cities in invested manufacturing capital, in value of manufactured product, in workmen employed and wages paid. Manufactured articles include cash-registers, computing scales, electrical machinery, cotton-seed oil machinery, agricultural implements, lasts, sewing machines, bicycles, cigars and cigarettes, blank books, paper, railwaycars, boilers, stoves, cotton and woolen goods, soap, carriages, beer, oil, flour, etc.

Annual

The city government is administered by a mayor; board of public service, elective; board of public safety, board of tax commissioners, board of sinking fund trustees, board of health, all appointed by the mayor; council, elective; auditor, treasurer, solicitor, elective. income and expenditure amount to about $2,146,000 and $2,188,000, respectively; bonded debt, $3,016,000, chiefly contracted for street-paving, sewers, and water works extensions; public school receipts and expenditures, about $500,000 and $440,000; bonded school debt, $574,000.

Dayton maintains a steady healthful growth; adjacent territory is largely platted and improved, many among her business and industrial classes living beyond the corporate limits. The death rate is 13.08 in 1000. The water supply, furnished by the Holly system of deep wells, and