against iron or steel. Either the operating screw or the operating nut must be made of non-corrodible metal, and sufficiently strong to perform the work for which intended.

TOP NUT.-The stem must terminate at the top in a nut of pentagonal shape, finished with slight taper to 11⁄2-inch from point to flat, except for hydrants to be installed where existing hydrants have different shape or size of nut, in which case the additional hydrants must have operating nuts similar to the old one for uniformity. The nut socket in the wrench must be made without taper, so as to be reversible. 8. STUFFING BOX AND GLAND

STUFFING BOX.-The stuffing box and gland must be of bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal, or bushed with bronze or suitable noncorrodible metal, when an iron or steel stem is used, or when an iron operating stem nut passes through the stuffing box. When packing nut is used, it must be made of bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal. The bottom of the box and end of the gland or packing nut must be slightly beveled.

GLAND BOLTS.-Gland bolts or stubs must be at least 2-inch in diameter. Bolts or studs may be either of bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal, iron or steel. The nuts must always be of bonze or suitable noncorrodible metal.

9. HYDRANT TOP

TOP.-The hydrant top must be designed so as to make the hydrant as weather proof as possible, and thus overcome the danger from water getting in and freezing around the stem. Provisions must be made for oiling, both for lubrication and to prevent corrosion. A reasonably tight fit should be made around the stems.

LETTERING.-There must be cast on top of the hydrant in characters raised 8-inch, an arrow at least 21⁄2 inches long, and the word "open" in letters 1⁄2 inch high and % inch in relief, indicating direction to turn to open the hydrant.

10. HOSE CAP

CAPS.-Hose caps must be provided for all outlets, and must be securely chained to the barrel with a chain constructed of material not less than 1 inch in diameter.

CAP NUT-The hose cap nut must be of the same size and shape as the top or operating nut.

WASHER IN CAP.--When requested by the purchaser, a leather, rubber or lead washer must be provided in the hose cap, set in a groove to prevent its falling out when the cap is removed.

11. MARKINGS

MARKING. The hydrant must be marked with the name or particular mark of the manufacturer. All letters and figures must be cast on the hydrant barrel above the ground line.

12. TESTING

TESTING.-Hydrants for pressures of 150 lb. or less, after being assembled, shall be tested by hydraulic pressure to 300 lb. per sq. in., before leaving the factory. If the working pressure is over 150 lb. per sq. in. the hydrants must be tested to twice the working pressure. The test must be made with the valve open in order to test the whole barrel for porosity, and strength of hydrant body. A second test must be made with valve shut, in order to test the strength and tightness of the valve.

13. DIRECTIONS TO OPEN

OPENING.-Hydrants must open to the left (counter clockwise) except those to be installed where existing hydrants open to the right, in which case the additional hydrants must turn the same as the old one for the sake of uniformity.

SPECIFICATIONS FOR VALVES

CASTINGS

CASTINGS. All iron castings shall be made from a superior quality of iron, remelted in cupola or air furnace, tough and of even grain, and shall possess a tensile strength of 22,000 lb. per sq. in. The castings must be clean and perfect, without blow or sand holes or defects of any kind. No plugging or stopping of holes will be allowed.

TEST BARS

TEST BARS.-Specimen bars of the metal used, each being 26 inches long by 2 inches wide and 1 inch thick, shall be made without charge as often as the engineer may direct, and in default of definite instructions, the contractor shall make and test at least one bar from each heat or run of metal. The bars when placed flatwise upon supports 24 inches apart, and loaded in the center, shall support a load of 2,200 lb., and show a deflection of not less than 35 of an inch before breaking; or, if preferred, tensile bars shall be made which will show a breaking point of not less than 22,000 lb. per sq. in. Bars to be cast as nearly as possible to the dimensions without finishing, but corrections may be made by the engineer for variations in width and thickness, and the corrected result must conform to above requirement.

MAKERS' NAME

NAME. Each valve shall have the makers' name cast upon it.

WROUGHT IRON

WROUGHT IRON.-All wrought iron used shall be of the best quality of refined iron, of a tensile strength of at least 45,000 lb. per sq. in.

COMPOSITION METALS

COMPOSITION. All composition metals to be of the best quality, and, except the stems, to have a tensile strength of not less than 30,000 lb. per sq. in., with 5 per cent elongation in 8 diameters, and 5 per cent reduction of area at breaking point.

FACE JOINTS

FACE JOINTS.-All joints shall be faced true and smooth, so as to make, with suitable gaskets, a perfectly watertight joint.

FITTING AND INTERCHANGEABLE PARTS

FITTINGS. The fitting of all parts must be such as make perfect joints and all parts of the valves of the same make and the same size shall be interchangeable.

Valves to open as specified by the engineer.

BOLTS AND NUTS

BOLTS AND NUTS.-All bolts and nuts in valves to be made from the best quality of double refined wrought iron or steel, heads, nuts and threads to be standard sizes.

KIND OF VALVES

KIND-Valves shall be fully mounted with bronze or suitable noncorrodible metal, and be either of the double disc or made up gate type with bronze or suitable noncorrodible metal mounted wedging devices or have wedge-shaped gates with double faces and seats, designed to work equally well with pressure on either side of the gate. The gates (or discs) shall be of cast iron with bronze or suitable non-corrodible metal faces. These faces shall be machined, dovetailed and driven into corresponding machined grooves in gates (or discs) or riveted on with bronze or suitable noncorrodible metal rivets.

The seats for composition rings in body of valve shall be turned and threaded before rings are screwed in.

TO BE WATER TIGHT

SEAT AND GATE RINGS.-Both seat rings and gate (or disc) rings shall have smooth and true faces, and make a perfectly watertight joint.

Valves shall have hub ends suitable for laying with classes B and C American Water Works Association standard pipe. All valves 24 inches in diameter and larger shall be geared.

BYPASSES. Where bypasses are required, they shall, unless otherwise specified, be of the following sizes:

WEIGHT.-Valves without bypasses shall be approximately not less

than the following weights for the respective sizes:

STEMS. Valve stems shall be made of solid brass or suitable noncorrodible metal, free from defects, and shall have a tensile strength of not less than 45,000 lb. per sq. in.

THREADS.-Threads on stems to be square, acme or 1⁄2 V, and cut in most perfect manner, so as to work true and smooth and in perfect line throughout the lift of the valve.

SIZE OF STEMS.-Valve stems at the bottom or base of the thread shall not be less than the following sizes in diameter:

WRENCH NUT.-The wrench nut on stem shall be inches square with arrow cast on showing direction which valve is to turn to open.

PAINTING

PAINTING. All iron work, after being thoroughly cleaned, to be painted throughout with asphaltum varnish, or suitable paint, or dipped in suitable coating material.

TESTING

TESTING.-Valves must be tested for leakage and distortion as follows: On double disc or made up gate type, the body of the valve shall be drilled and tapped with a hole for pipe and a removable plug inserted, through this hole a hydraulic pressure of 300 lb. per sq. in. shall be applied; the wedge-shaped gate type by an hydraulic pressure of 300 lb. per sq. in. applied, first between one end and the gate, second between the opposit end and the gate, and third in the bonnet with gate open.