The Coal-regions of America: Their Topography, Geology, and Development ... |
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The coal-regions of America. Their Topography, Geology, and Development James Macfarlane Limited preview - 2024 |
Common terms and phrases
Alleghany Mountain anthracite anthracite coal anticlinal axis Barren Measures basin beds of coal bituminous coal block-coal Blossburg Branch carbon carboniferous Coal Company coal-basin coal-beds coal-field coal-measures coal-region coal-seams coal-trade coke combustion conglomerate contains County Cumberland deposits distance district east eastern elevation extending farther feet in thickness feet thick fire-clay formation fossils fuel furnace geological George's Creek hills Illinois important inches iron iron-ore Kanawha Kentucky layers Lehigh lignite limestone localities lower coal-measures mineral mines Monongahela Monongahela River Mountain nearly northeast northern northwest Ohio River outcrop Pennsylvania Pennsylvania Railroad Phillipsburg Pittsburg Pittsburg seam portion produced Prof quantity Railroad region Ridge rocks sandstone seams of coal semi-bituminous coal Shale side Silurian six feet slate southern southwest square miles strata streams summit surface Susquehanna synclinal Tennessee three feet tion tons Towanda trough upper coal-measures valley West Virginia western workable
Popular passages
Page 631 - ... the surfaces of the passages through which it flows, and the rate of this absorption somewhat exceeds the ratio of the difference between the temperature of the air and that of the surrounding surface with which it is in contact. By the absorption which thus takes place the air is heated, and this heating process is most rapid at first, when the difference of temperature is greatest, and gradually diminishes as the length of the passage is extended, never ceasing until complete assimilation of...
Page 596 - ... senses," says the moralist — " whatever makes the past, the distant, or the future, predominate over the present, advances us in the dignity of thinking beings." And Geology, in a peculiar manner, supplies to the intellect an exercise of this ennobling character. But it has, also, its cash value. The time and money squandered in Great Britain alone in searching for coal in districts where the well-informed geologist could have at once pronounced the search hopeless, would much more than cover...
Page 54 - ... soil, peculiar to our mountain lands — small portions of it only being susceptible of cultivation — although it is said to be generally nutritious and producing fine gardens. The third field presents a rich, deep loam, embracing the beautiful and fertile valley of Wyoming, and one of the most productive and excellent agricultural districts in Pennsylvania. Alike rich in its agricultural productions as abundant in its mineral treasures, the same acre of land mayv furnish employment for both...
Page 213 - Horizontal galleries may be driven everywhere at very slight expense, and so worked as to drain themselves, while the cars, laden with coal and attached to each other, glide down on a railway, so as to deliver their burden into barges moored to the river's bank.
Page 520 - The presence of iron pyrites, in coals so eaej to crumble and ignite as these, cannot fail to suggest this danger, and the importance of guarding all heaps of it from becoming wet. It is not unusual in the Rocky Mountain region to meet, among the strata of sandstones, beds of ashes, which are evidently the ruins of coal-beds, some of which are of large size. The writer has seen many such in the banks of the upper part of the Missouri River.
Page 54 - Susquehanna an exit, and at both places a slight obliquity in the position of the observer presents to the eye a seeming lake in the windings of the river, and a barrier of mountains, apparently impassable. From the foot of the steep mountain ridges, particularly on the eastern side, the valley slopes away, with broad sweeping undulations in the surface, forming numerous swelling hills of arable and grazing land ; and as we recede from the hills, the fine flats and meadows covered with the richest...
Page 213 - I have also shown in my sketch another layer of workable coal, which breaks out on the slope of the hills at a greater height. Here almost every proprietor can open a coal-pit on his own land, and the stratification being very regular, he may calculate with precision the depth at which coal may be won.
Page 53 - Its form is that of a very long oval or ellipse. It is bounded by grand mountain-barriers, and watered by a noble river and its tributaries. The first glance of a stranger entering it at...
Page 451 - On studying these fossils we find that so many of them are identical with the species found in what we know to be the upper coalmeasures along the Missouri, that we do not hesitate to pronounce them as of the same age. Indeed they are simply the western extension of them, thinning out and gradually losing all the thin seams of coal and shale and nearly all the beds of clay and loose sands, leaving for the most part massive beds of limestone. It...
Page 68 - Notes on the Geology of the Survey for the Extension of the Union Pacific Railway, ED, from the Smoky Hill River, Kansas, to the Rio Grande; Phila., 1868, pp.