Wyandotte White Sulphur Spring, near Detroit, Wayne County. Spring Lake Magnetic Well, Spring Lake, Ottawa County. Eureka Well (Bromo-Hygeia Mineral Water), Coldwater. A. B. And the following, with no published analysis, reputed to be: Saline: Flint's Magnetic Springs, Three Rivers, Saint Joseph County. Calcic: Grand Ledge Magnetic Wells, Grand Ledge, Eaton County. Shawnee Mineral Springs, Monroe County. Mineral Well, Arcade Building, Grand Rapids, Kent County. Chalybeate: Ogemaw Mineral Springs, Ogemaw County. Sulphur Springs: In Ash Township, Monroe County. In Brownstown Township, Wayne County. In Exeter Township, Monroe County. At Dearborn, Wayne County. Near Dundee, Wayne County. At Gibralter, Wayne County. Near LaSalle, Monroe County. Near Rainsville, Monroe County. Sulphuretted: Alpena Magnetic Well, Alpena, Alpena County. Not characterized: Americanus Well, Lansing, Ingham County. Blue Rock, Grand Rapids, Kent County. Clark Red Cross Well, Big Rapids, Mecosta County. "Magnetic" Mineral Springs, Spring Lake, Ottawa County. Zauber Wasser Springs, Hudson, Lenawee County. The localities of but very few of the mineral springs have been improved, and none of them can justly claim to be popular resorts. Those of Saint Clair and Mount Clemens are partial exceptions. The former is in the immediate vicinity of one of the oldest organized communities in the State, a town of about three thousand inhabitants, occupying a healthful site on the west bank of Saint Clair River, about sixty miles from Detroit, and offers excellent hotel accommodations in connection with, or apart from the Bath House and springs. The waters are elaborately utilized, by means of elegantly fitted bath rooms, plunge baths and swimming basins. The bath houses of Mt. Clemens Mineral Springs, also, are large and commodious structures, some erected with brick and stone, others in wood, and are rich, artistic and imposing in design, fitted out with modern and the latest improvements necessary to make such establishments complete in all their details. For the properties of these waters, as of all the rest, the reader should refer to the analyses, as above given. With reference to them in general, the State Board of Health Report for 1877, remarks: "Some of them are very valuable as baths, notably the salt and sulphur springs, while all are serviceable in certain forms of disease." WATCHFUL SEXTON.-A man strolled into a fashionable church just before the service began. The sexton followed him up, and, tapping him on the shoulder and pointing to a small cur that had followed him into the sacred edifice, said: "Dogs are not admitted." "That's not my dog," said the visitor. "But he follows you." "Well, so do you." The sexton growled and immediately removed the dog with unnecessary violence.-Tit-Bits. HEIGHT AND DISTANCE FROM SEA AFFECTING CLIMATE. The effect of elevation in lowering temperature depends upon the fact that, as heat is very slowly communicated from stratum to stratum of the air, and as the air is warmed chiefly by the surface of the earth, the lowest layers are the warmest, and the temperature on the tops of mountains is therefore much lower than on the plains. below. The difference is, however, far more marked in the day time than at night, and in summer than in winter. During severe frosts the conditions are generally reversed, and the temperature rises with height instead of becoming lower, so that a thaw often sets in upon the hills while the frost is still unbroken in the valleys below. If the air were perfectly dry the rate at which the temperature would fall would be 1 deg. Fahr. for every 180 ft. ascent. Inasmuch, however, as the atmosphere contains moisture which is liable to be condensed by cold, the latent heat given out in condensation diminishes the rate of cooling, so that the rate of lowered temperature as a general rule may be taken as I deg. Fahr. for every 300 ft. in altitude. Solar heat, being the source of all energy, exercises supreme control over climatic conditions. Radiant heat, or the the heat radiated from the sun, although possessing great power of warming solid and fluid bodies on which it falls, has little power of heating the air through which it passes. Were it not for the watery vapor contained in the atmosphere radiant heat would pass through it without raising the temperature. It is the shade heat, or the heat reflected from the surface of the earth, whether land or water, and directly warmed by the radiant heat emanating from the sun, which regulates the temperature of the air. Winds, for example, convey over immense distances the temperature of the regions from whence they arise; while owing to the greater specfic heat of water, which is as four to one compared with that of land, water takes longer to warm as well as to cool. Hence, the sea remaining open, except in the Polar regions, is constantly modifying the strata of air coming in contact with it, and thus moderates the heat in summer and the cold in winter. It is on account of this specific heat of water that insular climates are more equable than continental, the summers being cooler and the winters warmer. HEALTH AND ECONOMICS.* By F. J. VAN VORHIS, M. D., of Indianapolis, Ind. In 1881 the General Assembly of this State passed a law creating the State Board of Health. It has now been in existence about sixteen years. When created it was grudgingly allowed the sum of $4,000 per annum to do its work; and the Legislature, with its eyes on the dollar and with property interests more in mind than the value of human life, struck out of the bill by which it was created much of the machinery intended to facilitate the board in its work, because that machinery would cost a few hundred dollars per annum. It is hardly necessary to say anything to impress upon this body of intelligent workers the importance of this work; but I would like to join you, if I can, in saying something that would impress the people of this State, and particularly of its capital city. Marion County had, in 1890, a poulation of 141,156. During 1894 there were 1,834 deaths in the city of Indianapolis, and in the county of Marion, 2,190. This was a death rate of about sixteen per thousand. An examination of the reports will show that it is a very low estimate to say that three out of every sixteen resulted from preventable diseases. This, too, without counting consumptives as victims of preventable disease. It would be very easy forthe Board of Health, if supplied with sufficient means and the power to make proper regulations, to reduce the death rate in the county to thirteen per thousand. What would this reduction in the death rate mean, financially? In the year 1894 it is a low estimate to say that the unnecessary loss of life in this city of Indianapolis amounted to about 425. It is estimated by the United States government that the value of a soldier is The estimated value of a human life to the country made by the register general's office in England is $720. If we take the English estimate the money value, upon a purely business basis, with no higher estimate of a human life than that of hogs or cattle, lost in Marion County in 1894 was $305,500. According to the English estimate, certainly a very conservative one, $1,000. *Read at State Conference of Health Officers, Indianapolis, Ind., May 11, 1897. |