Costa Rica, and that the International Sanitary Bureau in Washington be authorized to make investigations and to take such other action as may be necessary to present this matter in satisfactory form at the said convention in Costa Rica.

21. Resolved, That an office be provided in the Bureau of the American Republics for the use of the International Sanitary Bureau.

That authority is given for engaging the services of an employee who shall be paid by the International Bureau.

That the expenses incurred shall be authorized and certified to by the same Bureau.

That the Bureau of the American Republics be entrusted with the collection of the fund provided for in section 7 of the resolutions relating to international sanitary police, adopted by the Second International Conference of American States, held in the City of Mexico in 1901-2.

That the Bureau of the American Republics be likewise entrusted with this fund and the keeping of the accounts.

22. That at the next meeting of the International Sanitary Congress, the model documents or forms to be employed by the nations adhering to this Convention, shall be discussed and approved in order to verify the same.

23. That in every port open to foreign commerce the sanitary authorities shall issue bills of health to all vessels applying for same, and in accordance with such model or form as the next Convention may adopt.

24. That a Committee be appointed to give, in the name of the Third International Sanitary Convention, a vote of thanks to His Excellency General Porfirio Diaz, President of the Mexican Republic, for his important co-operation in the success of this Convention.

25. That a vote of thanks be extended to the Vice-President, and to the Secretaries of State, of the Treasury, and of the Interior for the kind attention shown us.

26. That a vote of thanks be accorded to the Superior Council of the Government of the Federal District, and to the Municipal Government of this city for the kind attentions they have shown us.

27. That we sincerely thank the committee of ladies who have so kindly waited on the wives and friends of the foreign delegates.

28. That a vote of thanks be given to the Superior Board of Public Health and to the Director of the Water Supply Works of this City for the valuable services they have rendered us, and

29. That we express to the Mexican delegates to this Convention our deep appreciation of the exquisite courtesy and the splendid manner in which they have welcomed us to their country.

Attest:
JUAN J. ULLOA,
Permanent Secretary.

REPORT OF DR. OSWALDO GONÇALVEZ CRUZ, DELEGATE OF BRAZIL.

The sanitary conditions of Brazil are improving every year as the result of the campaign waged against infectious diseases, and the material improvements made in the city of Rio de Janeiro, which has been the principal focus of infection for Brazil.

The local Boards of Health in the principal States of Brazil have succeeded in maintaining the excellent sanitary conditions of the country and of its ports. A few sporadic cases of bubonic plague at Rio de Janeiro, and of yellow fever at Rio, Nitheroy, Pará and Manáos, were the diseases which required special attention, but the Government is confident of securing their complete extinction in the near future.

As regards Rio de Janeiro-the former great focus of yellow fever-we may consider the disease practically extinct. The few sporadic cases observed had their origin in small foci in Nitheroy which faces Rio and is in constant communication with it, being only 20 minutes distant. The Federal Government, in conjunction with the local government, has taken steps to stamp out the disease, and the campaign which is being systematically carried on in that city is giving excellent results, so that the complete extinction of yellow fever at Rio is but a question of a few more months.

The problem of carrying out prophylactic measures against yellow fever at Rio was a most difficult one, as it had to deal with a city which is very broken and hilly, and which is situated on the sides of mountains, thickly covered with vegetation, which covers an area of over 133 square kilometers, is more than 60 kilometers long, and from 4 to 5 kilometers wide, and which has a population of over 811,000 inhabitants.

As regards malaria, the prophylactic measures employed have been based on the idea of its sole transmission by mosquitoes, and in the regions where such measures have been put into effect this disease has greatly diminished.

Trachoma was observed among immigrants in some localities of the State of São Paulo. The sanitary administration of São Paulo, which is one of the best of Brazil, has installed a special prophylactic service, which has prevented the spread of the disease. Immigrants are examined at the ports of entry to prevent its introduction into the country.

The cases of beri-beri observed come mainly from the upper Amazon, this disease having almost entirely disappeared from some of the northern ports of Brazil, such as São Luiz do Maranhão, where it formerly made great ravages. In short, the present sanitary condition of Rio de Janeiro is very satisfactory. With the mortality rate at 21.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, it is one of the healthiest of the tropical cities, and healthier than many European cities, such as Madrid, Lisbon, Athens, Saint Petersburg, Naples and many others.

The following are the measures which have been adopted in Brazil and are being vigorously carried out, to prevent and stamp out the aforesaid diseases: YELLOW FEVER. A campaign based on the theory of its sole transmission by the Stegomyia calopus, without regard to its transmission from person to person by contagion or through the medium of articles which have been contaminated by those suffering from the disease. The sanitary administration consists of a special division independent of the other sanitary services of the Union, which is under the jurisdiction of the Director General of the Public Health, and consists of one medical inspector, ten assistant inspectors, who are physicians, 75 medical students, and about 1,000 sanitary guards. The personnel is divided into three divisions, which have charge of the following services: (a) The isolation of those suffering from the disease and the fumigation of the houses occupied by them; (b) the systematic destruction of mosquitoes; (c) the fiscalization of the therapeutic agents used, the verification of deaths and medical vigilance over persons not immune residing in the infected center. The systematic and continual destruction of the Stegomyia is the principal prophylactic measure to be employed against yellow fever. Therefore each nation can, of itself, by destroying the Stegomyia, defend itself absolutely against

epidemics of yellow fever, so that the question of yellow fever loses its importance as an international question and remains one of purely national interest. In accordance with these principles, sanitary legislation, from an international point of view, may be most liberal, but should be most rigorous from a national point of view, for countries whose local conditions permit the propagation of the Stegomyia; while on the other hand restrictive measures are perfectly useless in countries where the climatic conditions are such that the transmitting mosquito can not exist. In countries where the Stegomyia exist, rigorous measures should be taken for their extermination and to prevent the importation of new generations of mosquitoes.

BUBONIC PLAGUE. Bactericidal and parasitical disinfection by means of phenol and cresol for the destruction of the bacillus and of the transmitting flea (Pulex Cheops) is the principal means employed. This is effected at the first appearance of the disease among rats, which is discovered by the vigilance service instituted in the houses or communicated to the health authorities by interested parties. The disinfection is effected by means of solutions at a high temperature, and the floors of the houses are taken up to disinfect underneath. Another measure consists in the extermination of rats in the infected centers, as they seem to increase the virulence of the bacillus. A war is made on rats by coating the ground about the houses adjoining the foci with cement, and by the systematic destruction of these animals by a special sanitary corps in charge of this service. Inoculation with anti-plague serum for the prevention of this disease is made whenever permitted. The systematic isolation in a hospital of all persons suffering with the disease and the disinfection of all articles which come in contact with the patients, complete the measures employed. The treatment prescribed consists of inoculation with the serum prepared in the Institute of Manguinhos, which reduced the mortality from this disease 50 per cent.

MALARIA. The destruction of mosquitoes in the cities and the administration of quinine (30 centigrams every three days), wherever large groups of persons are temporarily residing in malarial districts, engaged on public works, such as railways, drainage works, etc., are the measures which have been adopted with splendid results in Brazil.

TRACHOMA. The State of São Paulo has organized a series of sanitary stations which have charge of the service of diagnosing and treating the cases of this disease which have been found among immigrants in certain sections of this State, and of prescribing the necessary prophylactic measures to prevent the spread of the disease. At the present time immigrants are inspected at the ports, and those affected with the disease are forbidden entry.

BERI BERI. The prophylaxis of this disease is empirical, owing to the lack of any scientific basis as to its cause. Vessels carrying cases of beri beri are thoroughly fumigated by means of Clayton gas. In addition to this measure, barracks and prisons are required to make alterations in their buildings so as to have proper conditions of light and air. At the same time care has been taken to improve the quality of the food of the localities attacked by the disease. SANITARY CONDITIONS OF THE PORTS, WORKS ALREADY CONSTRUCTED, THOSE IN PROCESS OF CONSTRUCTION, OR WHOSE CONSTRUCTION IS PROPOSED.

With regard to the maritime sanitation service, the ports of Rio de Janeiro and Santos have a complete installation, which consists of a floating disinfecting station equipped with a Clayton apparatus, stoves, compartments for disinfection by means of sulphur and formaldehyde, and an isolation and vigilance hospital on land. In great emergencies the service of these two ports is aided by the old lazaretto of Ilha Grande, which has been transformed into a disinfection and observation station. Disinfecting pontoons are in course of construction at the parts of Bahia, Pará, Maranhão and Rio Grande do Sul, and should be ready for operation within a few months. The lazaretto of Tamandaré at Pernambuco has been transformed into a disinfection and observation station, fully equipped, and has charge of the treatment of vessels which call at ports between Bahia and Rio Grande do Norte. Vessels bound for the north of Brazil receive sanitary treatment at the Tatuóca station in Pará. At this station, as well as at that of Tamandaré and Ilha Grande, there is a disinfection plant situated on land, an isolation hospital and pavilions for observation, when necessary (3d class passengers).

The great engineering works which have been constructed in the ports of