APPENDICES.

APPENDIX I.

THERE FOLLOWS BELOW APPENDICES: Ia, Ib, Ic, Id, Ie.

Important results from the summary of all industrial accidents in Allegheny County, Pa., during the year 1907-1908, with respect to Benefit Associations, Social Loss, Prevention of Accidents, Record System employed and Compensation paid for injuries by Crystal Eastman (See work-accidents and the law. 1910. ...)

(By permission of the Author.)

APPENDIX Ia.

DUES, BENEFITS AND CONTRIBUTION FROM EMPLOYER IN FOUR RELIEF ASSOCIATIONS FOUNDED ON CONTRACT OF

$8.40 for 52 $9.00 for 52 $10.00 for 39] $10.00 for 39

Accident benefits..... $14.00 for 52 $12.00 for 26 $12.50 for 39 $13.75 for 39

APPENDIX Ib.

A CALCULATION AS TO THE SOCIAL LOSS INVOLVED IN ONE YEAR'S WORK-ACCIDENTS IN ALLEGHENY COUNTY.

The accident loss for an industrial district can be estimated from the standpoint of social economy. Frederick Hoffman, statistician of the Prudential Insurance Company, estimates that the net economic gain to society from the life of a male wage-earner in mechanical and manufacturing industries averages $300 per year, his normal period of industrial activity extending from the fifteenth to the sixty-fifth year. This net gain to society varies extensively throughout the working life. According to Mr. Hoffman's tables it is but $75 at the age of fifteen, while at thirty-two it reaches $100, where it remains until the fortyeighth year, after that rapidly declining so as to be only $175 at the age of sixty-five. Multiplying the net economic gain for each working year by the probable length of life according to mortality tables, we may roughly calculate what is the net economic loss to society involved in the death of a wage-earner at different ages. Thus the death of a boy at fifteen means a direct loss of $15,000, the death of a man of thirty-two means a loss of $11,595, and the death of an old workman of sixty-four means a loss of only $170.

Hoffman, F. L.: Physical and medical aspects of labor and industry. Annals of the American Academy, Vol. 27, 1906, No. 3. By this $300, Mr. Hoffman means to represent the selling value of each worker's product, minus the cost of materials and wear of machinery, and minus what is consumed by the worker and his family. Thus suppose a worker produces goods to the value of $1,200; his wages are $600; the cost of materials and the use of capital in tools, etc., involved is say, $250. This leaves $350 which is the surplus wealth produced by that worker after the cost of maintenance of himself and his family, and the cost of raw materials, are taken out. This is not nearly all profit, for much of it is loss in the machinery of distribution; but it represents roughly the surplus which goes to increase materially the wealth of society. Hence Mr. Hoffman holds it is the "net economic gain.'

Applying this method of calculation to the actual ages of the 526 men killed in Allegheny County during the year under consideration, but using $200 instead of $300 as the yearly economic gain, we find that the net loss to the community at this reduced estimate was $3,828,090.

In a similar way we may sum up the net economic loss to society from non-fatal injuries. According to our estimate 2.000 men injured in industrial accidents were sent to the hospitals of the county during the year. Of these roughly 60 were totally disabled for life; 192 were partially disabled for life, their earning capacity reduced on an average 29 per cent; and the rest were totally disabled for periods ranging from one week to one year. Reckoning the loss to society from the total or temporary disablement of all these workers on the same basis, but including the cost of their maintenance during disability, we get an additional social loss of $1,320,636.

Loss in society from men totally disabled for life..
Loss in society from men partially disabled for life.
Loss in society from men temporarily disabled...

$734,928

372,708 213,000 $1,320,636

To this we must add what it cost the community to care for all these cases of injury and death. Here, however, we are dealing with an unknown quantity. The hospital charges for the year's industrial accident cases would amount to about $80,000 which we accept as the minimum of known cost for the medical care involved in a year's industrial accidents. While every year 2,000 wealth