TABLE 3.-CHINESE CLAIMING AMERICAN CITIZENSHIP ADMITTED, FISCAL YEAR TABLE 4.-APPEALS TO DEPARTMENT FROM EXCLUDING DECISIONS UNDER CHINESEEXCLUSION LAWS, FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1911, BY PORTS. TABLE 5.-DISPOSITION OF CASES OF RESIDENT CHINESE APPLYING FOR RETURN CERTIFICATES, FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1911. TABLE 6.-ACTION TAKEN IN THE CASES OF CHINESE PERSONS ARRESTED ON THE CHARGE OF BEING IN THE UNITED STATES IN VIOLATION OF LAW, FISCAL YEAR ended June 30, 1911. Ordered deported... Awaiting deportation or appeal at close of previous year.. 669 116 785 9 106 118 552 552 48 600 Total...... Disposition: Escaped 1 Deported... 436 close of present year. Awaiting deportation or appeal to United States district courts at Appealed to United States district courts.. 42 121 Awaiting deportation or appeal to higher courts at close of previous year.. Total..... Awaiting deportation or appeal at close of present year. CASES BEFORE HIGHER UNITED STATES COURTS. Pending at close of previous year, including those awaiting deportation or appeal.... Pending at close of present year, including those awaiting depor- 289 SUMMARY OF ACTION TAKEN IN THE CASES OF CHINESE ARRESTED, FISCAL YEAR ENDED JUNE 30, 1911, BY MONTHS. There were 321 cases pending at close of fiscal year 1910 and 289 cases pending at close of fiscal year 1911. Total. TABLE 7.-CHINESE ARRESTED and DEPORTED, FISCAL YEARS ENDED JUNE 30, 19081911, BY JUDICIAL DISTRICTS. SOURCES OF AND INDUCEMENTS TO IMMIGRATION. Considerable space has been devoted in previous reports to this important and interesting subject. It has been shown that (1) the sources of our immigration have undergone a decided change in recent years, one which is of great significance to the country and its people, and (2) much of the immigration which we now receive is artificial, in that it is induced or stimulated and encouraged by persons and corporations whose principal interest is to increase the steeragepassenger business of their lines, to introduce into the United States an over-abundant, and therefore cheap, supply of common labor, or to exploit the poor ignorant immigrant to their own advantage by loaning him money at usurious rates; or, as now so frequently happens, in the organized and systematized state of the business, a combination of the three elements, so that money lenders and ticket agents abroad, the transportation companies, and the labor brokers and large employers of common labor here each receive their portion of the benefits and proceeds. Meanwhile the alien and the country suffer the alien by being thrown into new and untried conditions, not conducive to his health or happiness, under circumstances which place him at a serious disadvantage by reason of being loaded with debt, which, unless promptly settled, multiplies with interest, and which he knows must soon destroy his own or his family's property mortgaged in security; and the country by having its standards of labor, wages, and living not only temporarily lowered but permanently injured-and who can question the economic axiom that injury to its wage-earners is a direct injury to a country? The best illustration of the change in the source of immigration is given by the figures contained in Table III (p. 14). Formerly a very large part of our immigration came from the Teutonic and Celtic countries of northern and western Europe. During the past year only 202,391 immigrant aliens came thence, as follows: Belgium, 5,711; Denmark, 7,555; France, 8,022; German Empire, 32,061; Netherlands, 8,358; Norway, 13,950; Sweden, 20,780; Switzerland, 3,458; England, 52,426; Ireland, 29,112; Scotland, 18,796; Wales, 2,162. Only about 23 per cent of the entire immigration came from these countries. We are now, and for some time have been, securing the bulk of our new blood from the Iberic and Slavonic countries of southern and eastern Europe and from the western part of Asia. About 65 per cent came from those sections in the past year—from Italy, 182,882, or over 21 per cent; from (principally southern) Russia, including Finland, 158,721, or about 18 per cent; from Austria, 82,129, or about 9 per cent; from Hungary, 76,928, or nearly 9 per cent; from Greece, 26,226, or about 3 per cent; from Turkey in Europe and adjoining principalities, 21,655, or about 2.5 per cent; from Turkey in Asia, 10,229, or nearly 1.2 per cent; from Portugal, 8,374, or about 1 per cent, and from Spain, 5,074, or nearly 0.6 per cent. In 1910, 20 per cent; in 1909, 19 per cent; in 1908, 21 per cent; in 1907, 18 per cent, and in 1906, 19 per cent of our immigration came from the Teutonic and Celtic countries of northern and western Europe; and 68 per cent, 67 per cent, 64 per cent, 74 per cent, and 72 per cent, respectively, from southern and eastern Europe and western Asia. Another fact which tends to accentuate the seriousness of this change in race is the habit of most of the new immigrants to colonize and thus discourage distribution and even and quick assimilation. If it were not for this latter circumstance, possibly there would be less cause for apprehension, at least for some years to come, regarding the racial effect of immigration; for perhaps what we may now term the "American race" can assimilate, without deleterious result, a large proportion of people of different racial type, provided the assimilation be spread throughout the country, so that no particular com |