What the People Read in South America. With portrait and illustration. Shall Football Be Ended or Mended? By President Nicholas Murray Butler. II. A Western View of the Situation..... 72 77 Leading Articles of the Month- The Russian Revolution from Various Points Russian Poland's Fight for Autonomy The Austrian Kaiser's Dream and Its Fulfill- Why Scandinavia Wanted a Norwegian Re- Record of Current Events... 47 as possible, in order to avoid a break in the receipt of the numbers. Bookdealers, Postmasters, and 13 Astor Place, New York City. risk. Renew as xpress money orders, or by bank checks, drafts, or registered letters. Money in letters is at sender's A SCENE IN POLAND'S STRUGGLE AGAINST THE RUSSIAN AUTOCRACY. (This drawing represents a parley outside the Pawiak Prison at Warsaw, between a crowd of forty thousand people and the officers of the Russian troops. This popular demonstration took place on the anniversary of the Czar's accession, when a number of political prisoners were released. The crowd occupied the street before the prison. Troops with guns arrived, and negotiations were opened between the officers and the leaders of the people. A row of candles was placed in the roadway, between the soldiers and the people. It was understood that if this line were crossed the troops would fire.) VOL. XXXIII. Review of Reviews. NEW YORK, JANUARY, 1906. No. 1. Peace Among the Tribes and Nations. THE PROGRESS OF THE WORLD. The The year 1906 dawns upon a world in which peace once more predominates. The great war in the far East, with its amazing succession of events, made 1904 and 1905 very memorable years in military annals. But it came to an end through a treaty drawn up and signed in this country, under the auspices of our government, last summer. England has no "little wars" on hand just now. Germans, according to reports last month, had quelled the revolt of native tribes in Southwest Africa, and that protracted affair had seemed to be the only war, great or small, that was likely to carry over into the new year as an exception to the rule of peace. More serious and more formidable, however, than many an armed conflict between nations has proved to be is the great social and political upheaval in Russia. Thus far, it has been disorder on a vast scale rather than civil war. What may come of it all during the year 1906 no man can predict, even from one day to another, with any degree of intelligence. There will emerge some kind of representative government, but there will be anxious times in Russia for many months to come. Some Recent Abroad. In England, the close of the year 1905 History has witnessed the long-expected retirement of Mr. Balfour's Conservative ministry and the formation of a successful Liberal administration under the premiership of Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman. Nothing im portant, however, will be attempted by this ministry until there has been a new Parliamentary election, which will occur early in the present year. The most important event of the past year for the people of France has been the separation of Church and State, which goes into effect, under the law, on the 1st of January. Germany has been active during the past year in strengthening its international position, and its chief contribution to history, perhaps, has been its interference in the affairs of Morocco. Meanwhile, the German Emperor has made notable approaches toward more intimate relations with Russia, while the good understanding between England and France has steadily grown. The shifting of real international relations, irrespective of formal alliances, has been of such a nature as to make for permanent peace rather than for menace among the great powers of Europe. The last weeks of the year have been marked by the coöperation of the great European powers in bringing pressure upon the Sultan of Turkey to put into effect governmental reforms in Macedonia. Conditions in This Country. In this country, the great event of the year was the entrance of President Roosevelt upon his new term of office, with an influence that was effective in bringing Russia and Japan to an agreement at Portsmouth, that subsequently brought the Southern States into a friendly attitude toward the administration, and that finally showed itself in the reform wave that swept the country in the November elections. Recent years have witnessed in this country an industrial progress far beyond anything the world had ever known. So rapid a growth of industry and wealth was inevitably attended by many evils. The exposure of these evils and the attempt to remedy them have passed over to the year 1906 as “unfinished business" from the year that lies behind The recent campaign attack upon the control of politics by corporations through the boss system will be continued this year, and will make itself felt in the State and Congressional elections next November. The investigation carried on by the Armstrong legislative committee in New York into the methods of the large insurance companies will merely have pointed the way to many other inquiries and exposures that must take place before the fight against corporation control of our government and politics can be fairly won. The separation of Norway and Sweden is us. A Powerful Lobby at Work. Thus, President Roosevelt recommends the immediate admission of Oklahoma and Indian Territory as one State, and of Arizona and New Mexico as another. This question has been fully and thoroughly considered from every standpoint of statesmanship and public policy, and the President's recommendation ought to be adopted. The opposition comes from great corporations, principally mining companies in Arizona, supported by railroad corporations. These Arizona mining companies own property worth hundreds of millions of dollars upon which they pay practically no taxes at all. They seem to be able to control Arizona for their own ends. But if Arizona were united with New Mexico they would be in danger of losing control, and might be subjected to something like reasonable taxation. They can array immense influences in roundabout and unsuspected ways, and they can afford to spend a fabulous sum of money to defeat the pending Statehood bill. It is to be feared that there have been attempts to influence members of Congress in this Arizona situation by the gift of mining stocks and like improper methods. If the joint Statehood bill is defeated now, the lobbyists will go on with their work, hoping to seize a favorable moment in the future for admitting Arizona and New Mexico as two States. The safer and better way is to close the business now by passing the joint Statehood bill. The Hon. Edward L. Hamilton, of Michigan, chairman of the House Committee on Territories, has been working for the joint Statehood measure with the earnest backing of Speaker Cannon; while Senator Beveridge, chairman of the Senate Committee on Territories, has led the fight for sound public policy with a courage and a devotion to what he deems the best interests. an interesting event of the year 1905, but it has not nearly so much significance in the field of actual politics and government as the election of Mr. Jerome in New York or the overthrow of the machine in Philadelphia. A Critical This winter, the focus of American Season at activity and attention in public afWashington. fairs will be at Washington. At a moment when reform movements in the States and the large cities were never more successful, it happens that the situation at Washington has seldom been more serious. It may be said with some caution, but with probable truth, that at no time for twenty years past have lobby interests been so powerful and at the same time so insidious at Washington as in the present legislative season. The great corporations propose to thwart the President's plans for the more effective regulation of railways. For various reasons, they propose to obstruct the Govern ment's policy in the matter of the Panama Canal. They are bent upon preventing the passage of the Statehood bill that would unite New Mexico and Arizona and admit them as a single commonwealth. It is well for the people of the country to know that such influences are at work, and to do all they can to see that their own representatives are not captured by the lobbyists. The situation is an unusual one in many respects, and a very difficult one to deal with. of the country that are not as yet fully appre ciated. It would be much easier to be lukewarm than to be zealous as against those influences that are now at work to defeat the Statehood bill. To Senator Beveridge's lasting credit, he is not lukewarm, but zealous and indefatigable. The New The Fifty-ninth Congress assembled Congress on the first Monday of December and Organizes. organized by electing as Speaker the Hon. Joseph G. Cannon, of Illinois, who had been Speaker of the preceding House. The Republican majority is almost too large to be held safely under party rein and lash. The Republicans have almost exactly two-thirds of the membership of the House, and by an agreement between Speaker Cannon and the Democratic leader the Republicans have two-thirds of the places on the important committees and the Democrats one-third. Most of the committees have been slightly enlarged, in order to satisfy the demands for places. Although there are more than eighty new members in the House, few of the old leaders are absent, and the chairmanships of the principal committees remain unchanged, with few exceptions. Thus, when Mr. Cannon became Speaker, Mr. Hemenway, of Indiana, took Mr. Cannon's place as chairman of the Committee on Appropriations. But Mr. Hemenway is now in the Senate, where he Keifer, of Ohio, who has been absent from Washington for twenty years, but who served as Speaker of the House for two Congresses, from 1881 to 1885. The Hon. John Sharp Williams, of Mississippi, is again the leader of the Democratic minority in the House. Changes Senate. The Senate, which, unlike the House, in the is a continuous body, now has VicePresident Fairbanks for its parliamentary head. The death of Vice-President Hobart, in Mr. McKinley's first administration, made it necessary for the Senate to put one of its own members in the chair, and the post was filled by Senator Frye, of Maine. Mr. McKinley's death, early in his second administration, trans. ferred Vice-President Roosevelt to the White House, and again Senator Frye was called to preside over the Senate. He is now on the floor of the chamber again after having had the gavel in his hand for many years. Since the Senate was last in session, one of its most distinguished members, the Hon. Orville H. Platt, of Connecticut, has passed away,-following his lamented |