page 33), and this leaves nothing further to be said here than to record, as we have already done, the names of the full cabinet, some of whom had not been definitely appointed when Mr. Stead's article was written,-from London in the first days of December. In spite of the dismal predictions of the Conservatives and the somewhat timid hopes of many Liberals, Sir Henry Campbell-Bannerman has succeeded in organizing a ministry of unusual strength. Perhaps the most significant fact about the ministry is that it does not contain a single corporation director. It is interesting to note the unusually large number of literary men in the new ministry. John Morley is the author of the most important biography (that of Gladstone) produced in many years; James Bryce has produced probably the best treatise on "The American Commonwealth;" Judge Haldane has written an equally able "Life of Adam Smith;" Augustine Birrell is one of the most graceful of living English essayists; Sir Edward Grey and Sydney Buxton, both lovers of sport, have written authoritatively on fishing and shooting; the Earl of Crewe is a poet of no mean order; and John Burns is a prolific writer of pamphlets.

ing a stronger Liberal majority than any during the past twenty-five years. As to its composition, of course, speculation is idle. Mr. Stead. however, estimates that, parodoxical as it may seem in view of their mercurial temperament. the Irish Nationalist vote can be calculated upon beforehand with absolute certainty. It is almost sure to remain at the same figures as at present,

-83 votes. There will, of course, be an increase in the Labor representation, and these Labor members are the stanchest of Liberals in conviction, although not necessarily strong party men. Mr. Stead argues that the Liberals must have at least 340 seats in the new House, so as to be certain of a working majority in view of the possible, though not probable, defection of the 83 Irish and 35 to 40 Labor votes. Of the issues before the country, Mr. Stead also speaks. It seems a foregone conclusion that the Liberals will attempt to make, and probably succeed in making, one issue, and that the tariff one, which has been forced on the country by Mr. Chamberlain. As to the question of Home Rule for Ireland, we know that the Liberal policy will be to bring about a policy of local self-government for Ireland "on the installment plan." The new premier's own opinions on the subject were outlined in a recent speech, in which "C.-B." said:

My opinion has long been known to you. It is that the only way of healing the evils of Ireland,-difficulties of her administration, of giving contentment and prosperity to her people, and of making her a strength instead of a weakness to the empire, -is that the Irish people should have the management of their own domestic affairs; and so far from this opinion fading and dwindling as the years pass, it is becoming stronger, and, what is more, I have more confidence in its realization. . . . If I were asked for advice by an ardent Nationalist, I would say my desire is to see the effective management of Irish affairs in the hands of a representative Irish party. . . . I trust that the opportunity of making a great advance on this question of Irish government will not long be delayed, and when that opportunity comes my firm belief is that a greater measure of agreement than hitherto as to the utimate solution will be found possible, and that a keener appreciation will be felt of the benefits that will flow to the Irish communities and British people throughout the world, and that Ireland, from being disaffected, impoverished, and discouraged, will take its place as a strong, harmonious, and contented portion of the empire.

Just how far the Irish vote can unsettle this equilibrium remains to be seen. Among other issues which press for immediate attention is that of the unemployed in London and other large cities of the kingdom. A graphic pen picture of the way in which this terrible problem presents itself even to visitors is given by Miss Agnes C. Laut on another page (40) this month.

Japan and China Agree.

open

The treaty between Japan and China with regard to Manchurian problems and the future relations of the two countries was signed at Peking on December 21. The Chinese members have been entertaining Baron Komura, the Japanese plenipotentiary, with a series of banquets, and the baron has been saying complimentary things to the Chinese representative, Viceroy Yuan-Shih-Kai. In general it may be said that under its provisions Japan will occupy the same position in Manchuria as Russia did before the war, except that the " door" will prevail. While the exact terms of the treaty are not made public, it is generally believed that China has consented to make certain valuable concessions to Japan in recognition of the latter's defense of China's interests during the war with Russia. The general result of the conference, however, has been to strengthen the hands of the party headed by Viceroy Yuan, which favors the policy of "China for the Chinese." The usually well-informed correspondent of the London Times at Peking "believes" that the substance of the convention is as follows:

(1) The railway south of Changchung will be handed over to Japan. China, however, will have the right to repurchase it. (2) Japan will be allowed to maintain railway garrisons. (3) Japan will evacuate Manchuria within eighteen months. (4) The military telegraphs will be treated in the same manner as the railway. The fifth, sixth, and seventh clauses provide for garrisoned consulates at Newchwang, Mukden, Antung, Kirin, Changchung, and other places. The residences of Japanese and banking shall be restricted to those places. (8) The custom-house will be maintained at Newchwang. The customs hitherto collected by the Japanese shall be restored to China. (9) The military notes issued by the Japanese shall be redeemed rapidly. (10) The Japanese military administration shall lapse with Japan's evacuation of Manchuria.

He hears, further, that Port Arthur and the entire Liao-Tung peninsula will be evacuated by Japan on the same date that Russia would have had to evacuate it (March, 1923), and that the city of Harbin will immediately be opened up to foreign trade.

Stereograph. Copyright, 1905, by Underwood & Underwood, N. Y.
ADMIRAL TOGO AND PRIME MINISTER COUNT KATSURA AT
THE TOKIO MUNICIPAL RECEPTION TO THE JAPANESE
FLEET, OCTOBER 26.

situation in the message accompanying the draft of the proposed treaty establishing the protec torate. The preamble said:

Despite the fact that since the beginning of history both Japan and Korea had always had common interests, the integrity of Korea has often been endangered, thus leading to a disturbance of the peace of the East. This is attributed to the mismanagement of her foreign affairs on the part of Korea. Two agreements of a temporary nature have already been concluded between Japan and Korea since last year. In order further to consolidate the principle of the said agreement, it is necessary to conclude the accompanying treaty. Marquis Ito is to be the resident-general at Seoul. In Japanese imperial politics there is becoming evident a degree of hostility to the Katsura cabinet that is expected to cause its downfall in the early days of the new Diet, just about to assemble. A most significant occurrence, and one calculated to greatly increase our respect for Japanese intellectual independence and governmental purity, is the resignation of Yusuru Kubota, the minister of education, because of a protest by the professors and instructors of the Imperial University of Tokio against the minister's interference in university administration.

PROCEEDINGS IN CONGRESS.

December 4.-Both branches of the Fifty-ninth Congress meet for the first session....The Senate adjourns out of respect for the memory of the late Senator O. H. Platt, of Connecticut.... The House reëlects Speaker Joseph G. Cannon (Rep.), of Illinois.

December 5.-The President's annual message is read in both branches....A resolution asking President Roosevelt to intercede in behalf of the Jews in Russia is introduced in the House.

December 6.-In the Senate, Mr. Foraker (Rep., Ohio) introduces a railroad-rate bill and Mr. Lodge (Rep., Mass.) a reciprocity bill....The House debates a bill making an appropriation for work on the Panama Canal; the commission's statements of expenditures are criticised.

December 7.-In the Senate, Mr. Tillman (Dem., S.C.) advocates federal supervision of insurance The House passes the Panama Canal appropriation bill, after cutting down the total sum from $15,000,000 to $11,000,000.

December 11.-In the Senate, Mr. Tillman (Dem., S. C.) introduces a railroad-rate bill....Speaker Cannon announces the House committees.

December 12.-The Senate passes a bill authorizing the construction of a railroad bridge in Arkansas.

December 14.-The Senate considers the Panama Canal appropriation bill and passes a bill regulating the issue of canal bonds....The House discusses the question of federal supervision of insurance.

December 15.-In the Senate, Mr. Tillman (Dem., S. C.) attacks the administration's policy in Panama and Santo Domingo....In the House, Mr. Cockran (Dem., N. Y.) makes a severe attack on the three larger insurance companies.

December 16.-The Senate passes the Panama Canal appropriation bill....The House continues discussion of the insurance question.

December 18.-In the Senate, the standing committees are announced....The House discusses insurance and immigration.

December 19.-The Senate adopts the report of the conferees on the Panama Canal appropriation bill.... The House continues general debate on insurance.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-AMERICAN. November 21.-Senator Thomas C. Platt, of New York, testifies before the legislative insurance committee that he has received contributions from the Equitable and the Mutual Life for State political campaigns and has turned them over to the Republican State Committee.

November 24.-August Belmont, of New York, is appointed treasurer of the National Democratic Committee.

November 27.-President Roosevelt removes from office Assistant Treasurer Leib, at Philadelphia, for violations of the civil-service law.

November 29.-Governor Blanchard, of Louisiana,

MAYOR-ELECT JOHN F. FITZGERALD, OF BOSTON.

asks the grand jury to act on the alleged remissness of the New Orleans authorities with reference to the yellow-fever epidemic.

December 4.-The Wisconsin Legislature meets in extra session.

December 12.-Ex-Congressman John F. Fitzgerald (Dem.) is elected mayor of Boston by a decisive plurality.

December 13.-Governor Chamberlain, of Oregon, announces the appointment of John M. Gearin (Dem.) to succeed the late John H. Mitchell as United States Senator....The New York Court of Appeals decides against Hearst in the ballot cases.

December 14.-Ex-Governor Yates, of Illinois, announces his candidacy for the United States Senate. December 15.-Bids for the construction of railroads in the Philippines are opened at Washington.

December 19.-Governor La Follette, of Wisconsin, formally resigns the governorship, to take his seat as a United States Senator.

POLITICS AND GOVERNMENT-FOREIGN. November 21.-Mr. Chamberlain is reëlected to the presidency of the Liberal-Unionist Council of Great Britain.

November 22.-In the Russian zemstvo congress a resolution is introduced defining the future relation between the zemstvoists and the government.

November 23.-The federal House of Representatives in Melbourne, Australia, passes the government's closure proposal.... The zemstvo congress at Moscow passes a resolution supporting the Russian Government conditionally on its giving universal suffrage and the convocation of a Constituent Assembly without delay.

November 24.-The Russian zemstvo congress, by great majorities, passes resolutions equivalent to a vote of no confidence in the government.

November 25.-The Egyptian budget submitted to the council of ministers shows a surplus of $2,500,000 ....Prince George of Greece issues a proclamation of amnesty for political offenses connected with the insurrection in Crete.

November 27.-King Haakon VII. takes the oath to observe the Norwegian constitution.

November 28. The Russian Government decides to suppress the revolt at Sevastopol.... The Spanish Chamber of Deputies suspends constitutional guarantees in Patagonia....Emperor William opens the Reichstag....The Austrian parliament is opened....A great political demonstration takes place in Vienna, organized by the Social Democrats; three hundred thousand working men and women march past the Reichsrath demanding universal suffrage....A British royal commission is appointed to inquire into the working of the poor laws.

November 29.-The Japanese privy council rescinds its proclamation of martial law and restrictions on the press....The military and naval insurrection at Sevastopol is forcibly suppressed; the employees of the telegraph service throughout Russia go on strike; the union of railway servants resolves to declare a strike at the first attempt on the part of the government to mobilize troops.

November 30.-The Spanish cabinet resigns.

December 1.-A demonstration of Socialist unemployed workmen in London is checked by the police. December 2.-A new Spanish cabinet, with Señor Moret as premier, takes office.

December 3.-Parades of Social Democrats at Dresden and Chemnitz are dispersed by the police.

December 4.-The resignation of the British cabinet is presented by Premier Balfour.

December 5.-A general strike of railway employees in Russia is averted by the action of the authorities in reversing a court-martial sentence of death on a strike leader.

December 6.--The French Senate, by a vote of 181 to 102, adopts the bill for the separation of Church and State....The German budget is presented in the Reichstag.

December 9.-Another mutiny of Russian troops is reported in Kronstad....Mr. Balfour opens the Unionist campaign in opposition to the British Liberals.

December 10.-The British Liberal cabinet formed by Sir Henry Campbell Bannerman is made public at London (see pages 20 and 33)........Krustalev, the leader of the Russian League of Leagues, is arrested by the police of St. Petersburg.

December 11.-Lord Rosebery, in a speech before the council of the British Liberal League, refuses to support Home Rule and urges the new cabinet not to rely on the Irish vote for support.

December 13.-The first provincial election in the

Province of Saskatchewan, Diminion of Canada, results in a Liberal victory.... The French minister of the colonies signs a measure providing heavy penalties for slave trading in West Africa.

December 14.-The Cuban House meets to discuss the killing of Congressman Villuendas.

December 15.-The German Reichstag passes a bill to construct a new railway in German Southwest Africa. December 17.-A general strike is declared in Russia; insurrection is reported as spreading in the provinces and mutinies among the troops....The Italian cabinet resigns after the defeat, in the Chamber of Deputies, of the commercial agreement with Spain.... The Grecian cabinet resigns.

December 18.-Mr. Balfour, the leader of the British opposition, announces himself a free-trader, but adds that he sees no inconsistency in retaliatory duties and fiscal union of the colonies.

December 19.-All the workingmen's organizations of Russia approve the proposition for a general political strike to begin on December 21.... The Hungarian Diet meets and is immediately prorogued.

INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.

November 21.-Austrian, Italian, French, and British warships are ordered to the Piræus to force Turkey to grant the Macedonian reforms.

November 22.-The Porte rejects the proposals of the powers for the international control of Macedonian finances.

November 25.-Copies of the Russo-Japanese peace treaty are officially exchanged by Ambassador Rosen and Mr. Takahira at Washington.

November 28.-Secretary Root decides that the Isle of Pines belongs to Cuba, and urges Americans there to respect the Cuban republic's sovereignty....The allied fleet of the powers takes possession of Mitylene ........Marquis Ito declares that there will be no spoliation of Korea under Japan's protectorate.

November 29.-Herbert G. Squiers resigns as American minister to Cuba and is succeeded by Edwin V. Morgan....It is announced at Tokio that the Japanese legations at Washington, London, Paris, Berlin, and St. Petersburg will be raised to the rank of embassies.

December 5.-It is announced that the Turkish Government decides to accept in principle the demands of the powers regarding the Macedonian reforms.

December 7.-Dr. Bebel, the Socialist leader in the German Reichstag, attacks the government's foreign policy as exciting the distrust of other nations.

December 9.-Venezuela and Brazil sign protocols regarding the settlement of the long-standing boundary dispute.

December 11.-Italy takes steps to force Venezuela to agree to a settlement of the Italian claims....A large Persian force threatens to seize a disputed section on the Turkish frontier.

December 15.-The Porte having formally yielded to the demand of the powers for the financial control of Macedonia, it is announced that the international fleet will be withdrawn from Turkish waters.

December 16.-Premier Rouvier's Moroccan policy is sustained in the French Chamber of Deputies by a large

vote.

December 19.-Germany expresses regret that the officers and men of the cruiser Panther overstepped proper forms at Itajahý, Brazil.

OTHER OCCURRENCES OF THE MONTH.

November 21.-The new United States battleship Virginia reaches a speed of 19.73 knots, the highest record for an American battleship.

November 25.-Samuel Gompers is reëlected president of the American Federation of Labor.

November 26.-A great gale on the coasts of Great Britain and Ireland causes many wrecks and much loss of life.

November 28.-The national committee on the proposed change of the Presidential inauguration day agrees on the substitution of the last Thursday in April for March 4....The Committee on Student Organizations of Columbia University abolishes the game of football as at present played....The Great Lakes are visited by a severe storm; many vessels are wrecked and many lives lost.... The directors of the Chicago, Milwaukee & St. Paul Railway authorize that road's ex tension to the Pacific coast.

November 29.-The princess royal opens the London labor tents for the unemployed under the auspices of the Church Army (see page 40)....Richard A. McCurdy resigns the presidency of the Mutual Life.

November 30.-The two-hundred-and-fiftieth anniversary of the settlement of the Jews in the United States is observed in New York City.

December 4.-The Jews of New York City observe a day of mourning for their murdered coreligionists in Russia.

December 5.-A banquet is given to Mark Twain on his seventieth birthday.

December 7.-Ten persons are killed in a railroad collision in Wyoming....An important national conference on immigration is held in New York City under the auspices of the National Civic Federation.

December 9.-The Nobel prize for the advancement of peace is awarded to Baroness Bertha von Suttner; for medicine, to Prof. Robert Koch; for chemistry, to Prof. Adolph von Bayer; for physics, to Prof. Philip Lenard; and for literature, to Henryk Sienkiewicz.

December 10.-The centennial anniversary of the birth of William Lloyd Garrison, the anti-slavery agitator, is widely observed....The new Cunard turbine liner Carmania, the first vessel of the kind destined for New York, arrives off Sandy Hook....It is announced that Captain Amundsen, the Arctic explorer, having made the Northwest Passage, will continue his voyage until he has circled the polar regions (see page 81).

December 11.-Pope Pius X. holds a secret consistory and creates four new cardinals.

December 12.-The American Woolen Company announces an increase of 10 per cent. in the wages of thirty thousand employees, to take effect on January 1, 1906.

December 13.-The engagement of Miss Alice Roosevelt, daughter of the President, to Representative Nicholas Longworth, of Ohio, is announced at the White House....President Pritchett, of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, resigns to devote all his time to work as president of the Carnegie Foundation.... Charles A. Peabody is elected president of the Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York....George W.

Perkins resigns as vice-president and chairman of the finance committee of the New York Life Insurance Company.

December 18.-The officers of the Chicago National Bank, the Home Savings Bank, and the Equitable Trust Company, institutions headed by James R. Walsh, resign in favor of representatives of the Chicago Clearing House Association; depositors are paid in full.

December 19.-The Salvation Army in England receives from George Herring a gift of $500,000 to carry out its scheme of home colonization.

OBITUARY.

November 23.-Daniel E. Bandmann, the German tragedian, 65.... Prof. Sir John Burdon - Sanderson, M.D., F.R.S. (Oxford), 76.

November 24.-Nahum Meir Schaikewitz, a popular Yiddish novelist and playwright, 56.

November 25.-Mrs. Mary Kidder, the well-known American hymn-writer, 86.

November 26.-Former Judge Charles E. Dyer, of Milwaukee, 71.

November 27.-Ex-Chief Justice Isaac M. Blodgett, of the New Hampshire Supreme Court, 70....Gen. Joseph Lancaster Brent, of the Confederate army, 98 ....Marshall Field, Jr., of Chicago, 37.

November 28.-Joseph Swift Whistler, a well-known art critic of Lenox, Mass., 45.

November 30.-Rev. Ensign McChesney, D.D., of Syracuse University, 60.

December 1.-Dr. Ambrose L. Ranney, of New York City, 57.

December 2.-Sir Clinton Edward Dawkins, partner in the London banking house of J. S. Morgan & Co., 46. December 3.-John Bartlett, compiler of "Familiar Quotations," 85.

December 4.-Samuel Adams Drake, author and historian, 72.... William J. McMurray, M.D., president of the Tennessee State Board of Health, 63.

December 5.-James Russell Parsons, Jr., American consul-general in Mexico City, 44....Capt. Woodbury Kane, of New York City, 46.

December 6.-William H. Thompson, treasurer of the Louisiana Purchase Exposition Company, 75.

December 8.-United States Senator John H. Mitchell, of Oregon, 70....Grand Rabbi Zadoc Kahn, of France, 66.

December 9.-Sir Richard Claverhouse Jebb, Regius professor of Greek and member of Parliament for Cambridge University, 64....Henry Holmes, formerly a well-known English musician, 56.

December 11.-Edward Atkinson, the well-known social and political economist of Boston, 78.... Prof. George W. Miltenberger, a well-known Baltimore physician, 87.

December 14.-Gen. Herman Haupt, a veteran of the Civil War and a well-known civil engineer, 88.... William Sharp, the English writer, author of the works published under the pseudonym of "Miss Fiona Macleod," 50.

December 17.-Prof. S. Stanhope Orris, of Princeton University, 70.

December 18.-Gen. Rafael Gonzales Pacheco, for many years prominent in Venezuelan politics, 50.