application to the Director his investigation shows that conditions warrant such modifications.

CABS, CAB APRONS, PILOTS

§ 91.229 Cabs and aprons. (a) Definition. The word "cab" as used in the rules and instructions in this subpart means that portion of the superstructure utilized for housing the enginemen and parts or appurtenances of the locomotive and through which a passageway is provided for the use of the enginemen.

(b) Fastening and bracing; windows. Cabs and superstructures shall be securely attached and braced. Cab windows shall be so located and maintained that the enginemen may have a clear view of track and signals from their usual and proper positions in the cab. All glass used in doors and windows of enginemen's compartments shall be of the shatter-proof type. Units not presently so equipped shall have shatterproof glass installed at the first general repairs but not later than December 31, 1958.

(c) Clear-vision windows; dimensions. Front cab doors or windows located in line of enginemen's vision when looking ahead from their usual and proper positions in the cab shall be equipped with an appliance that will clean the outside of the window over sufficient space to provide a clear view of track and signals ahead; or with a window hinged at the top, placed in the glass of each of the aforesaid doors or windows, that can be easily opened, closed, and fastened in desired position, and properly fitted so as to prevent an undue amount of rain or snow being blown into the cab. Hinged windows shall be 5 inches high, and the lower edge shall be without obstruction and as nearly as possible in line of the enginemen's vision when seated in the cab.

(d) Floors. Deck plates and floors of cabs, passageways, and compartments shall be kept free from oil, water, waste, or any obstruction that will create unnecessary peril. Deck plates and metal floors shall be properly roughened or other provisions made to afford secure footing.

(f) Heating. (1) Enginemen's compartments shall be provided with heating arrangements that will maintain therein a temperature of not less than 50° F. Temperature shall be taken at substantially the center of compartment under normal winter weather conditions, under the running conditions of the locomotive, with doors and windows closed.

(2) Operating cabs or compartments shall be provided with proper ventilation.

Interpretation: The concluding sentence of this rule means that, regardless of adjustments of doors and windows, further ventilation shall be supplied to cabs by means of additional openings, located as required.

(g) Passage between units. Safe and suitable means shall be provided for passage between units with open-end platforms.

Interpretation: This rule applies to similar units coupled in multiple control and operated in road service. By the term "open end platform" is meant units with platforms not protected their full width by a continuous barrier and which permit an open passageway between the platforms of two similar units coupled together. No passageway will be required through the nose-end of car-body type units similar in design to present diesel-electric "A" type units.

(h) Fusees and torpedoes. Containers shall be provided for carrying fusees and torpedoes. These containers may be separate, or a single container with suitable partition to separate the fusees from the torpedoes.

(i) Fan openings. Fan openings in hazardous locations shall be properly protected.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of locomotives, other than steam, and their appurtenances, I. C. C., Dec. 14, 1925, as amended Mar. 2, 1936; 23 F.R. 2219, Apr. 4, 1958; 24 F.R. 477, Jan. 21, 1959] § 91.230 Pilots.

Pilots, when used, shall be securely attached and properly braced. On approximately straight level track the minimum clearance of pilot above the rail shall be 3 inches, and the maximum clearance 6 inches.

capacity required of locomotive enginemen, to see in a clear atmosphere, a dark, object as large as a man of average size standing erect at a distance of at least 800 feet ahead and in front of such headlight; and such headlight must be maintained in good condition.

(b) Headlights on rear end. Each locomotive used in road service, which is regularly required to run backward for any portion of its trip, except to pick up a detached portion of its train, or in making terminal movements, shall have on its rear a headlight which shall meet the foregoing requirements.

(c) Dimmers. Such headlights shall be provided with a device whereby the light from same may be diminished in yards and at stations or when meeting trains.

(d) Leading locomotive. When two or more locomotives are used in the same train, the leading locomotive only will be required to display a headlight.

(e) Yard locomotives. Each locomotive used in yard service between sunset and sunrise shall have two lights, one located on the front of the locomotive and one on the rear, each of which shall enable a person in the cab of the locomotive under the conditions, including visual capacity, set forth in paragraph (a) of this section, to see a dark object such as there described for a distance of at least 300 feet ahead and in front of such headlight; and such headlights must be maintained in good condition.

(f) Application of requirements. The requirements of this section shall apply to all locomotives constructed after January 1, 1926, and for locomotives constructed prior to that date the changes necessary to meet the foregoing requirements shall be made as rapidly as possible, and all locomotives must be so equipped before January 1, 1928: Provided, That if, because of physical conditions existing on January 1, 1928, the requirements cannot be met on certain locomotives constructed prior to January 1, 1926, additional time may be granted for a compliance therewith if investigation on the part of the Commission shows that conditions warrant. § 91.232 Classification or marker lights.

Each locomotive shall be provided with such classification and marker lamps as may be required by the rules of the railroad company operating the locomotive. When such lamps are used

they shall be kept clean. The classification lights shall be electrically lighted and adequate head clearance shall be provided. Necessary safe and suitable steps, toe boards, handrails and/or handholds shall be provided in order to make cab windows, headlights, classification lights, marker lights, pantographs and trolleys accessible for attention and care. [23 F.R. 2219, Apr. 4, 1958]

§ 91.233 Cab lights.

(a) Instrument illumination. Each locomotive unit shall have cab lights which will provide sufficient illumination for the control instruments, meters, and gauges to enable the enginemen to make accurate readings from their usual and proper positions in the cab. These lights shall be so located, constructed, and maintained, that light will shine only on those parts requiring illumination. There shall be a light conveniently located to enable the persons operating the locomotive to easily and accurately read train orders and time tables, and so constructed that it may be readily darkened or extinguished.

(b) Compartments and passageways. Cab passageways and compartments shall have adequate illumination. When employees are required to pass from one cab to another, the platform or passageway between them shall be illuminated.

(c) Interference with vision. Lights shall be so located, constructed or shielded that the light will not interfere with enginemen's vision of track and signals.

(d) Lighting circuits; batteries. All lights may be entirely supplied from storage batteries if desired. Where lights are not supplied from storage batteries, there shall be two or more lighting circuits for providing illumination required by paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section. Battery containers shall be properly vented.

WHISTLES, BELLS, SANDERS, TRAIN SIGNAL § 91.234 Whistle.

Each locomotive shall be provided with a suitable whistle, or its equivalent, so arranged that it may be conveniently operated by the engineer or motorman from his position in the cab. § 91.235

Sanders.

Each locomotive unit shall be equipped with proper sanding apparatus, which shall be tested before each trip. Sand

pipes shall be securely fastened and arranged to deliver the sand on the rails in front of the wheel contact.

§ 91.236 Location of headlights, sand boxes, bells, whistles.

Headlights, sand boxes, bells, and whistles shall be located in safe and accessible places. Where locomotives are equipped with overhead current collectors, headlights and sand boxes shall be so located, constructed, and arranged that they can be given necessary repairs and attention wtihout requiring a person to mount the roof or become exposed to contact with parts carrying high tension.

(a) Current collector insulation. Current collectors shall be adequately insulated from the locomotive structure for the maximum voltage carried by the conductor.

(b) Operation. Pantographs shall be so arranged that they can be operated from the engineer's or motorman's usual and proper place in the cab.

(c) Automatic lock. Pantographs which automatically rise when released shall be provided with an automatic locking device that will hold them while in the down position.

(d) Lock and grounding. Each pantograph operating on an overhead trolley wire shall be provided with a device for locking and grounding the pantograph when in lowest position, and can be applied and released only from a position where the operator will have a clear view of pantograph and roof without mounting the roof.

(e) Shoes and horns. Pantograph shoes with cracked or badly worn contact surface or with defective horn shall not be continued in service.

(f) Air cylinder and hose. Leaky or defective pantograph operating cylinder, connection, or air hose shall not be continued in service; air hose shall be of sufficient length to afford proper insulation.

§ 91.239 Trolley appurtenances.

(a) Trolley hooks; insulation. A trolley-pole hook substantially bolted in place and adequately insulated from the locomotive structure shall be provided that will hold the pole while in down position.

(b) Ground switch. When a locomotive is equipped with more than one trolley pole, each pole shall be equipped with a device for grounding the pole when it is secured by the hook referred to in paragraph (a), which can be applied and released only from a position where the operator will have a clear view of the trolley pole and roof without mounting the roof.

(c) Rope; retriever or catcher. Each trolley pole shall be provided with a suitable rope. A retriever or trolley catcher shall be provided for the pole used while the locomotive is in motion unless rope is under constant observation.

(d) Insulation of trolley rope. Where trolley wire carries more than 750 volts, each trolley rope shall be insulated from the pole for the maximum voltage carried by the trolley wire.

(e) Harps and wheels. Trolleys with badly burnt or warped harps, broken, badly burnt or worn wheels, shall not be continued in service.

§ 91.240 Deenergizing third rail shoes; defective shoe beams.

(a) When locomotives are equipped with both third rail and overhead collectors, third-rail shoes shall be deenergized while in yards and at stations when current collection is from overhead conductor and not intermittent from third rail and overhead.

(b) Third-rail shoe beams loose on brackets, split or cracked, or with accumulations of extraneous matter conducive of short circuits shall not be continued in service.

§ 91.242 Lightning arrester.

(a) When and where required. Where current supply is continuously taken from an overhead conductor and lightning protection is not provided along the line of the road that will afford adequate protection for the locomotive, each locomotive unit shall be provided with a suitable lightning arrester. In sections where freezing weather is generally encountered, lightning arresters will not be required on locomotive units between November 1 and March 1. The currentcollector cable shall be tapped for the lightning arrester at a point as near the overhead current collector as possible.

(b) Grounding conductor. The lightning arrester shall have an adequate grounding conductor of not less than No. 6 American wire gauge, run in as straight a line to ground as possible, and protected against mechanical injury, but not run in metal conduit.

§ 91.243 Grounding of metal parts.

All unguarded noncurrent-carrying metal parts subject to becoming charged which are not thoroughly insulated shall be grounded.

§ 91.244 Guard current-carrying parts. All current-carrying parts connected to circuits with potential of more than 150 volts shall be isolated, insulated, or guarded against accidental contact. § 91.245 Doors and cover plates marked "Danger."

All doors and cover plates guarding high-tension equipment shall be securely fastened in place, and kept marked, with the word "Danger" and the normal voltage carried by the parts so protected. § 91.246 Hand-operated switches; circuit breakers, contactors, fuses.

(a) All hand-operated switches carrying currents with a potential of more than 150 volts, which may be operated while under load, shall be inclosed in a cabinet or properly covered and be operative from the outside, and means provided to show whether switches are open or closed. Switches which may not be operated while under load shall be guarded against accidental contact and kept plainly marked with the words "must not be operated under load" and the voltage carried.

(b) Circuit breakers, contactors, and fuses shall be maintained in safe and suitable condition for service and shall be so located or guarded that persons may not be injured by their operation.

(c) Oil type circuit breakers shall be maintained in safe and suitable condition.

§ 91.247 Jumpers; cable connections.

(a) General precautions. Jumpers or cable connections between locomotives or units shall be so located and guarded to prevent unnecessary peril, and shall not be allowed to hang with one end free.

Interpretation: The requirements of this rule relating to the location and guarding of jumpers and cable connections are satisfiled by installing a device which will support the cable at a sufficient height to provide reasonable clearance.

(b) Tests; record. Cable connections between units and jumpers that carry current having a potential of 600 volts or more shall be thoroughly cleaned, inspected, and tested as often as conditions require to maintain them in safe and suitable condition for service, but not less frequently than at the times of the quarterly inspections, by immersing the cable portion in water and subjecting each conductor with another, and with the water, to a difference in potential of not less than one and three-fourths times the normal working voltage for not less than 1 minute. Date and place on inspection and test shall be legibly marked on the jumper or cable or on a tag securely attached thereto.

(c) Defects. Cable connections between units and jumpers with any of the following defects shall not be continued in service: broken or badly chafed insulation; broken or defective plugs, receptacles or terminals; broken or protruding strands of wire; jumpers of improper length.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of locomotives, other than steam, and their appurtenances, I.C.C. Dec. 14, 1925, as amended at 24 F.R. 477, Jan. 21, 1959; 31 F.R. 11180, Aug. 24, 1966] § 91.248 Wires and cables.

All cables and wires carrying current shall be of sufficient size to prevent undue heating and be properly separated or insulated and protected from mechanical injury.

§ 91.249 Motors and generators.

(a) Motors and generators shall be securely fastened in place. Axle collars shall be maintained tight on the axle Axle-bearing and armature-bearing caps shall be securely bolted in place. Motors or generators with any of the following defects shall not be continued in service: Broken and loose or excessively worn bearings; excessive sparking or flashing over at the commutator; defective collector ring, brush holder, yoke or insulator; loose or broken connection; armature striking pole piece; short circuited armature or field coil; loose or broken armature coil bands or wedges.

(b) Motors, generators and their related wiring shall be maintained free from oil and sediment that could cause flash or fire hazard.

[23 F.R. 2220, Apr. 4, 1958]

§ 91.250 Transformers.

Transformers shall be securely fastened in place. Liquid filled transformers and related piping shall be maintained reasonably free from leaks and the liquid maintained at proper level in transformer

cases.

§ 91.251

Rheostats and grid resistors.

Rheostats and resistors shall be maintained free from accumulations of dirt or extraneous matter.

[23 F.R. 2220, Apr. 4, 1958]

§ 91.252 Voltmeters and ammeters.

Voltmeters and ammeters on units receiving power from an outside source shall be tested whenever any irregularity is reported, but not less frequently than once every 6 months. Voltmeters and ammeters on units driven from power generated within the unit shall be tested whenever any irregularity is reported, but not less frequently than once every 12 months. Meters reading more than 5 percent in error shall be corrected.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of locomotives, other than steam, and their appurtenances, I. C. C., Dec. 14, 1925, as amended Mar. 2, 1936] § 91.253

Insulation dielectric test; voltage to be applied. Not less than once every year an insulation dielectric test of not less than 1 minute duration shall be applied to all circuits and parts carrying current with potential of more than 150 volts. The voltage applied to circuits other than

motor or generator windings, shall be not less than 75 percent above the normal working voltage; the voltage applied to windings shall be not less than 50 percent above the normal working voltage. A careful examination shall be made of any weakness indicated and all defects remedied before the locomotive is put in

use.

§ 91.254 Insulation inspection.

Not less than once every month a careful inspection of all visible insulation and electrical connections shall be made and all defects repaired.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION EQUIPMENT

§ 91.255 Fuel tanks and piping; safety cut-out valve.

(a) Fuel tanks and related piping shall be maintained free from leaks.

(b) A safety cut-out valve shall be provided in the fuel line adjacent to the supply tank, or in other safe location, which will automatically close when tripped. The cut-out valves shall be designed for hand operation from both outer sides of the unit and from inside of the enginemen's compartment. Operating handle locations shall be designated. Means shall be provided so that cut-out valves may be reset without hazard.

Interpretation: The requirements of the last sentence of this rule are satisfied if the cut-out valves may be reset without the necessity for employee getting under the locomotive.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of locomotives, other than steam, and their appurtenances, I.C.C., Dec 14, 1925, as amended at 24 F.R. 477, Jan. 21, 1959]

§ 91.256 Filling and venting; gauge.

(a) Fuel reservoirs shall be arranged so they can be filled and vented only from outside of the cab or other compartments. Vent pipes shall not discharge on the roof nor on or between the rails.

(b) A gauge which will properly indiIcate the level of fuel in fuel reservoirs shall be provided for each reservoir, or series of reservoirs that are connected together and filled from a common source, and so located as to be readily visible to the person filling the reservoir or reservoirs.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of locomotives, other than steam, and their appurtenances, I. C. C., Dec. 14, 1925, as amended Mar. 2, 1936]