equipped with two cabs, which are generally known as the "Mother Hubbard type," built prior to April 15, 1939.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of steam locomotives and tenders, I. C. C., Oct. 11, 1915, renumbered June 30, 1916, as amended Feb. 21, 1929, and at 4 F. R. 1288, Mar. 22, 1939]

§ 91.119 Cylinder cocks.

Necessary cylinder cocks, operative from cab of locomotive, shall be provided and maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.

§ 91.122

Draw gear between locomotive and tender.

(a) The draw gear between the locomotive and tender, together with the pins and fastenings, shall be maintained in safe and suitable condition for service. The pins and drawbar shall be removed and carefully examined for defects not less frequently than once each 3 months. Suitable means for securing the drawbar pins in place shall be provided. Inverted drawbar pins shall be held in place by plate or stirrup.

(b) Two or more safety bars or safety chains of ample strength shall be provided between locomotive and tender, maintained in safe and suitable condition for service, and inspected at the same time draw gear is inspected.

(c) Safety chains or safety bars shall be of the minimum length consistent with the curvature of the railroad on which the locomotive is operated.

(d) Lost motion between locomotives and tenders not equipped with spring buffers shall be kept to a minimum, and shall not exceed one-half inch.

(e) When spring buffers are used between locomotives and tender the spring

Guides must be securely fastened and maintained in a safe and suitable condition for service.

§ 91.127 Pistons and piston rods.

(a) Pistons and piston rods shall be maintained in safe and suitable condition for service. Piston rods shall be carefully examined for cracks each time they are removed, and shall be renewed if found defective.

(b) All piston rods applied after January 1, 1916, shall have the date of application, original diameter, and kind of material legibly stamped on or near the end of rod.

§ 91.128 Rods, main and side.

(a) Cracked or defective main or side rods shall not be continued in service. (b) Autogenous welding of broken or cracked main and side rods not permitted.

(c) Bearings and bushings shall so fit the rods as to be in a safe and suitable condition for service, and means be provided to prevent bushings turning in rod. Straps shall fit and be securely bolted to rods.

(d) The total amount of side motion of rods on crank pins shall not exceed one-fourth inch.

(e) Oil and grease cups shall be securely attached to rods, and grease cup plugs shall be equipped with suitable fastenings.

(f) Locomotives used in road service: The bore of main rod bearings shall not exceed pin diameters more than three thirty-seconds inch at front or back end. The total lost motion at both ends shall not exceed five thirty-seconds inch.

(g) The bore of side rod bearings shall not exceed pin diameters more than five thirty-seconds inch on main pin nor more than three-sixteenths inch on other pins.

(h) Locomotives used in yard service: The bore of main rod bearings shall not exceed pin diameters more than oneeighth inch at front end or five thirtyseconds inch at back end.

(i) The bore of side rod bearings shall not exceed pin diameter more than three-sixteenths inch.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of steam locomotives and tenders, I. C. C., Oct. 11, 1915, renumbered June 30, 1916, as amended Apr. 7, 1919]

(a) Each locomotive used in road service between sunset and sunrise shall have a headlight which shall afford sufficient illumination to enable a person in the cab of such locomotive who possesses the usual visual capacity required of locomotive enginemen, to see in a clear atmosphere, a dark object as large as a man of average size standing at a distance of at least 800 feet ahead and in front of such headlight; and such headlight must be maintained in good condition.

(b) Each locomotive used in road service, which is regularly required to run backward for any portion of its trip, except to pick up a detached portion of its train, or in making terminal movements, shall have on its rear a headlight which shall meet the foregoing requirements.

(c) Such headlights shall be provided with a device whereby the light from

same may be diminished in yards and at stations or when meeting trains.

(d) When two or more locomotives are used in the same train, the leading locomotive only will be required to display a headlight.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of steam locomotives and tenders, I. C. C., Oct. 11, 1915, renumbered June 30, 1916, as amended Dec. 26, 1916, Dec. 17, 1917] § 91.130 Classification lamps.

Each locomotive used in road service shall be provided with such classification lamps as may be required by the rules of the railroad company operating the locomotive. When such classification lamps are provided they shall be kept clean and maintained in safe and suitable condition for service.

Each locomotive used in yard service between sunset and sunrise shall have two lights, one located on the front of the locomotive and one on the rear, each of which shall enable a person in the cab of the locomotive under the conditions, including visual capacity, set forth in § 91.129, to see a dark object such as there described for a distance of at least 300 feet ahead and in front of such headlight; and such headlights must be maintained in good condition. [Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of steam locomotives and tenders, I. C. C., Oct. 11, 1915, renumbered June 30, 1916, as amended Dec. 26, 1916, Dec. 17, 1917] § 91.132 Cab lights.

Each locomotive used between sunset and sunrise shall have cab lamps which will provide sufficient illumination for the steam, air, and water gauges to enable the enginemen to make necessary and accurate readings from their usual and proper positions in the cab. These lights shall be so located and constructed that the light will shine only on those parts requiring illumination. Locomotives used in road service shall have an additional lamp conveniently located to enable the persons operating the locomotive to easily and accurately read train orders and time tables, and so constructed that it may be readily darkened or extinguished.

RUNNING GEAR

§ 91.133 Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles.

(a) Driving, trailing, and engine truck axles with any of the following defects shall not be continued in service:

(b) Bent axle; cut journals that cannot be made to run cool without turning; seamy journals in steel axles; transverse seams in iron axles, or any seams in iron axles causing journals to run hot, or unsafe on account of usage, accident, or derailment; driving, trailing, or engine truck axles more than one-half inch under original diameter, except for locomotives having all driving axles of the same diameter, when other than main driving axles, may be worn three-fourths inch below the original diameter.

(c) The date applied, the original diameter of the journal, and the kind of material shall be legibly stamped on one end of each driving axle, trailing truck axle, and engine truck axle applied after January 1, 1916.

616

For engine truck wheels (trucks with rigid centers) -

12

31,000 pounds.

42

64

5516

22,000 pounds.

15,000 pounds..

§ 91.135 Defects in tender truck axles.

(a) Tender truck axles with any of the following defects shall not be continued in service:

(b) Bent axle; cut journals that cannot be made to run cool without turning; seamy journals in steel axles, or transverse seams in journals of iron axles, or unsafe on account of usage, accident, or derailment; collars broken or worn to one-fourth inch or less in thickness, fillet in back shoulder worn out.

§ 91.136 Crank pins.

(a) Crank pins shall be securely applied. Shimming or prick punching

§ 91.142 Spring rigging.

(a) Springs and equalizers shall be arranged to insure the proper distribution of weight to the various wheels of the locomotive, maintained approximately level and in a safe and suitable condition for service.

(b) Springs or spring rigging with any of the following defects shall be renewed or properly repaired:

(c) Top leaf broken or two leaves in top half of any three leaves in spring broken. (The long side of spring to be considered the top.)

(d) Springs with leaves working in band.

(e) Broken coil springs.

(f) Broken driving box saddle, equalizers, hanger, bolt, or pin.

[Rules and instructions for inspection and testing of steam locomotives and tenders, I. C. C., Oct. 11, 1915, renumbered June 30, 1916, as amended Apr. 7, 1919]

§ 91.143 Trucks; leading and trailing.

(a) Trucks shall be maintained in safe and suitable condition for service. Center plates shall fit properly, and the male center plate shall extend into the female center plate not less than threefourths inch. All centering devices shall be properly maintained.

(b) A suitable safety chain shall be provided at each front corner of all four wheel engine trucks.

(c) All parts of trucks shall have sufficient clearance to prevent them from seriously interfering with any other part of the locomotive.

(a) Wheels shall be securely pressed on axles. Prick punching or shimming the wheel fit will not be permitted. The diameter of wheels on the same axle shall not vary more than three thirtyseconds inch.

(b) Wheels used on standard gauge track will be out of gauge if the inside gauge of flanges, measured on base line, is less than 53 inches or more than 53% inches.

(c) The distance back to back of flanges of wheels mounted on the same axle shall not vary more than one-fourth inch.

§ 91.145 Defects in cast-iron or caststeel wheels.

Cast-iron or cast-steel wheels with any of the following defects shall not be continued in service:

(a) Slid flat. When the flat spot is 21⁄2 inches or over in length, or if there are two or more adjoining spots each 2 inches or over in length.

(b) Broken or chipped flange. If the chip exceeds 11⁄2 inches in length and one-half inch in width.

(c) Broken rim. If the tread, measured from the flange at a point fiveeighths inch above the tread, is less than 334 inches in width.

(d) Shelled out. Wheels with defective treads on account of cracks or shelled-out spots 21⁄2 inches or over, or so numerous as to endanger the safety of the wheel.

(e) Brake burn. Wheels having defective tread on account of cracks or shelling out due to heating.

(f) Seams. Seams 1/2-inch long or over, at a distance of one-half inch or less from the throat of the flange, or seams 3 inches or more in length, if such seams are within the limits of 33⁄4 inches from the flange, measured at a point fiveeighths inch from the tread.

(g) Worn flanges. Wheels on axles with journals 5 inches by 9 inches or over with flanges having flat vertical surfaces extending seven-eighths inch or more from the tread, or flanges 1 inch thick or less gauged at a point three-eighths inch above tread. Wheels on axles with journals less than 5 inches by 9 inches with flanges having flat vertical surfaces extending 1 inch or more from the tread, or flanges 15/16-inch thick or less, gauged at a point three-eighths inch above the tread.

(h) Tread worn hollow. If the tread is worn sufficiently hollow to render the flange or rim liable to breakage.

(i) Burst. If the wheel is cracked from the wheel fit outward.

(j) Cracks. Cracked tread, cracked plate, or one or more cracked brackets. (k) Gauge. Wheels out of gauge. (1) Loose. Wheels loose on axle.

NOTE: The determination of flat spots, flanges, and broken rims shall be made by a gauge as shown in figure 8, and its application to defective wheels as shown in figures 9, 10, 11, 12, and 13.