from time to time to be necessary in addition to the income of the said trustees to pay the expenses of operating and maintaining the almshouse with the inmates therein for the current year. Said temporary certificates of indebtedness shall not be issued for a longer time than eight months and shall not bear interest at more than six per centum per annum, and the faith and credit of the respective towns shall be pledged for their payment. The proceeds of said temporary certificates of indebtedness, subject to the provisions of section one of this act, shall be paid by the respective supervisors to the trustees of the Jones fund for the support of the poor and be applied by said trustees to the purposes for which they were issued. The amounts so borrowed shall be included by the respective supervisors of the said towns in the next annual budget and levied and collected in the respective towns in the same manner as other town charges.

§ 3. Should there be a deficit in maintaining and operating the joint almshouse of the aforementioned towns up to and including December thirty-first, nineteen hundred and fifteen, the trustees of the Jones fund for the support of the poor shall present satisfactory proof of the amount of such deficiency to the town boards of said towns, and such town boards are, respectively, authorized to borrow sufficient money to meet such deficit, and for that purpose they may issue temporary certificates of indebtedness for a period not exceeding twelve months, at a rate of interest not exceeding six per centum, pledging the faith and credit of their respective towns for the payment thereof, and the proceeds of the sale of such temporary certificates shall be applied to meet such deficiency. The amount of money so borrowed, shall be included by the respective supervisors of said two towns, in the annual budget for the succeeding year and levied and collected by taxation in the respective towns in the same manner as other town charges.

Town of Oswegatchie, St. Lawrence County.

(See chapter 28, Laws of 1882, which also governs the city of Ogdensburg, page 352.)

Children's Courts-Probation.

City of Buffalo.

AN ACT to amend chapter one hundred and five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-one, entitled "An act to revise the charter of the city of Buffalo," in relation to probation officers appointed by the police justice and the punishment of children convicted of certain offenses.

Chapter 50, Laws of 1908.

§ 1. Sections three hundred and eighty-four-b and three hundred and eighty-four-c of chapter one hundred and five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-one, entitled "An act to revise the charter of the city of Buffalo," as added thereto by chapter six hundred and twenty-seven of the laws of nineteen hundred and one, and amended by chapter five hundred and forty-nine of the laws of nineteen hundred and two, are hereby amended to read, respectively, as follows:

§ 384-b. Probation officers. The police justice shall have authority to appoint or designate discreet persons of good character to serve as probation officers during the pleasure of the police justice. Whenever any child under or apparently under the age of sixteen years shall have been arrested, it shall be the duty of said probation officers to make such investigation as may be required by the court, to be present in court in order to represent the interests of the child; when the case is heard to furnish to the police justice such information and assistance as he may require, and to take charge of any child before and after trial as may be directed by the court.

§ 384-c. Whenever any such child is found guilty or pleads guilty to the commission of any offense described in section two hundred and ninety-one of the penal code or of any crime or misdemeanor before the police justice, the said police justice may in his discretion suspend sentence during the good behavior of the child so convicted. The child so convicted may be placed in the care of said probation officer for such time not to exceed one year and upon such conditions as may seem proper. Such time may be

extended one or more additional terms, not exceeding three months each, by the police justice in his discretion. Said probation officers shall have the power to bring the child so convicted before the police justice at any time during the probation for such disposition as may be just. When practicable said child shall be placed with a probation officer of the same religious faith as that of the child's parents..

AN ACT to amend chapter one hundred and five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-one, entitled "An act to revise the charter of the city of Buffalo," in relation to establishing the children's court of Buffalo, defining its powers and jurisdiction and providing for its officers.

Chapter 651, Laws of 1911.

§ 1. Chapter one hundred and five of the laws of eighteen hundred and ninety-one, entitled "An act to revise the charter of the city of Buffalo," is hereby amended by adding thereto a new title, to be title twenty-five, and to read as follows:

TITLE XXV.

The Children's Court of Buffalo.

$ 510. Court established. The children's court is hereby created and established with the criminal jurisdiction hereinafter provided.

§ 511. Judge. There shall be one judge of said court. He shall not be allowed to hold any other public office or carry on any business, but shall devote his whole time and capacity, so far as public interests demand, to the duties of his office.

§ 512. Election and qualification of judges. There shall be elected at the general election in nineteen hundred and eleven a judge of this court for the term of ten years and his successors shall be elected for a like term of ten years. Any resident elector of the city of Buffalo shall be eligible to election.

This section shall take effect immediately, any other provision in this act contained to the contrary thereof notwithstanding.

§ 513. Removal of judges and filling of vacancies. The appellate division of the supreme court, fourth department, may remove the judge of this court, giving to such judge a copy of the charges against him and an opportunity of being heard in his defense. Vacancies occurring in the office of judge of this court by reason of death, resignation or removal from office shall be filled by the mayor of the city of Buffalo, who shall appoint a person qualified under the provisions of this act as judge of said court, until the first day of January succeeding the holding of an election at which such vacancy could be filled. At the first election at which such vacancy could be filled a judge shall be elected for the unexpired term of the judge by whose death, resignation or removal from office the vacancy was caused.

§ 514. Compensation. The annual salary of the judge of this court and the salaries of all clerks, officers, attendants and employees shall be fixed by ordinance of the common council of the city of Buffalo, such salary to be paid in monthly installments, and the judges and clerks, officers, attendants and employees of said court shall receive to their own use no fee or perquisites of office, except the stenographer as hereinafter provided.

§ 515. Definitions. The word "child" when used in this act shall refer to and mean a person under the age of sixteen years, and the word "adult" when used shall refer to and mean a person sixteen years of age and over.

§ 516. Jurisdiction. The judge of this court shall possess all the jurisdiction and power which are conferred by law upon a magistrate, which are necessary in order to fully carry into effect the purposes of this act. The children's court and the judge thereof shall hear and adjudicate all charges against children of the grade of misdemeanors, and all charges which under section twenty-one hundred and eighty-six of the penal law are permitted to be tried as misdemeanors, all charges against children for which

they can be found guilty of juvenile delinquency, and all other cases in which the court or the judge thereof has power to commit children as provided by law. This court shall be and shall have the jurisdiction of a court of special sessions for the hearing and trial of all criminal charges under section four hundred and ninety-four of the penal law, and the judge thereof shall have concurrent jurisdiction to hear charges against adults for the violation of any section of the penal law amounting to a felony, where such violation must necessarily involve a child. This court shall have in the first instance concurrent jurisdiction with the city court of Buffalo to hear and determine any charge against an adult of the grade of a misdemeanor when such charge appears to have in any way contributed to the misdemeanor of a child, or appears to in any way necessarily involve a child; and whenever any such charge is made against an adult in the city court of Buffalo, the judge thereof, before whom the same may come, may transfer the case to the children's court, and said children's court shall hear and dispose of the case in the same manner and with the same effect as if it had been originally brought therein. All trials held in the part of the court designated for the hearing and disposition of proceedings and cases involving the trial or commitment of children shall be held by the judge without jury. (As amended by chapter 571 of the Laws of 1917.)

If any adult is

§ 516-a. Violation of ordinances. charged with a violation of any ordinance of the city, where such violation must necessarily involve the morals of a child, and where such violation is punishable by a fine or imprisonment, or both, such adult shall be proceeded against before the judge of this court, who shall summarily hear, try and determine the charge; and if he shall find such person to be guilty he shall sentence such person pursuant to the ordinance. (Added by chapter 124 of the Laws of 1914.)

§ 516-b. Commitment in default of payment of fine. If the judge shall sentence an adult to pay a fine and if it is not paid in accordance with the order of said judge, he shall, by warrant, commit such person to the penitentiary, there to be confined for the term of one day for each and every dollar of said