resolving and defining the outstanding questions at issue which formed the subject of the reservations which His Britannic Majesty's Government considered it necessary to make on the occasion of the declaration of the 28th February, 1922,

Being anxious to eliminate the possibility of any interference in the internal administration of Egypt which would be incompatible with the constitutional régime in force,

And considering that these objects will best be achieved by the conclusion of a treaty of friendship and alliance, which in their common interest will provide for effective co-operation in the joint task of ensuring the defence and independence of Egypt and the maintenance of friendly relations between the high contracting parties and other States;

Have agreed to conclude a treaty for this purpose and have appointed as plenipotentiaries:

Who, having communicated their full powers found in good and due form, have agreed as follows:

ARTICLE 1.

An alliance is established between the high contracting parties in eternal consecration of their friendship, their cordial understanding and their good relations.

ARTICLE 2.

There shall be full and frank consultation between the high contracting parties in all matters of foreign policy which may affect their common interests. In particular, should circumstances arise which threaten to impair the good relations between His Majesty the King of Egypt and any third Power, His Majesty will at once consult with His Britannic Majesty with a view to a settlement of the difficulty by such amicable methods as may be appropriate.

ARTICLE 3.

lf, by reason of any attack or act of aggression whatsoever, His Majesty the King of Egypt should be involved in war for the defence of his territory or for one of his interests, His Britannic Majesty will, subject always to the provisions of the Covenant of the League of Nations, come immediately to his aid in the capacity of belligerent.

ARTICLE 4.

In the event of His Britannic Majesty being menaced with or engaged in war, even though such war should in no way affect the rights and interests of Egypt, His Majesty the King of Egypt undertakes to furnish to His Britannic Majesty in Egyptian territory all the facilities and assistance in his power which one ally may properly afford another during a war in which both are engaged, including the use of his ports, aerodromes and all means of communication.

ARTICLE 5.

In order to facilitate the co-operation of the forces of the high contracting parties and to facilitate and secure to His Britannic Majesty the protection of the lines of communication of the British Empire, His Majesty the King of Egypt authorises His Britannic Majesty to maintain upon Egyptian territory such armed forces as His Britannic Majesty's Government consider necessary for the above purposes, and will at all times afford the necessary facilities for the maintenance and training of the said forces. The presence of these forces shall not constitute in any manner an occupation and will in no way prejudice the sovereign rights of Egypt.

After a period of ten years from the coming into force of the present treaty the high contracting parties will reconsider the question of the localities in which the said forces are to be stationed in the light of their experience of the operation of the provisions of the treaty and of the military conditions then existing.

ARTICLE 6.

In order that the co-operation between the two armies provided for in articles 3 to 5 may be effective, the instruction and training of the Egyptian army shall be carried out in accordance with the methods of the British army; should the Egyptian Government deem it necessary to have recourse to the services of foreign officers or instructors, they will choose them from among British subjects.

ARTICLE 7.

His Britannic Majesty undertakes to use all his influence with the Powers possessing capitulatory rights in Egypt to obtain the modification of the capitulatory régime now existing in Egypt so as to make it conform more closely with the spirit of the times and with the present state of Egypt.

ARTICLE 8.

In view of the obligations accepted by His Britannic Majesty under the present treaty in connexion with the defence of Egypt against aggression and the special responsibilities devolving upon His Britannic Majesty in regard to foreign interests in Egypt, the Egyptian Government will at all times enable His Britannic Majesty's Government to satisfy themselves that adequate protection is afforded to foreign lives and property in Egypt. The Egyptian Government will maintain a sufficient foreign element in the administration of the country to ensure such protection.

ARTICLE 9.

His Britannic Majesty will use his good offices for the admission of Egypt to the League of Nations, and will support the request which Egypt will present to this effect.

ARTICLE 10.

His Majesty the King of Egypt undertakes not to adopt in foreign countries an attitude incompatible with the alliance or liable to create difficulties for His Britannic Majesty; not to oppose in foreign countries the policy followed by His Britannic Majesty and not to conclude with a foreign Power any agreement which might be prejudicial to British interests.

ARTICLE 11.

In so far as it may be necessary to employ foreign officials in the Administration, the Egyptian Government will look to His Britannic Majesty's Government for assistance in obtaining their requirements, and His Britannic Majesty's Government will afford such assistance. Any appointments of foreign officials of non-British nationality to posts of the rank of Director or any higher rank shall form the subject of previous agreement between the Egyptian Government and His Britannic Majesty's Government.

ARTICLE 12.

By reason of the special relations created between the high contracting parties by the alliance

(1.) The representative of His Britannic Majesty shall have the title of Ambassador; he shall be accredited in the ordinary manner of diplomatic representatives, and shall have precedence over all other representatives.

(2.) The present position and functions of the financial adviser and of the judicial adviser shall be maintained. They shall continue to be appointed in agreement with the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and will be at the disposal of the Egyptian Government for all matters in regard to which that Government may wish to consult them.

ARTICLE 13.

The high contracting parties recognise that their interests, particularly the interests of Egypt in the headwaters of the Nile, will best be promoted by the continuance of their joint sovereignty in the Sudan.

The high contracting parties agree to take as a basis for the determination of the quota attributable to Egypt of the waters of the White Nile and the Blue Nile the conclusions of the report of the Nile Commission of the 21st March, 1926, together with the working arrangements agreed between the representatives of the Egyptian and Sudan Irrigation Departments respectively on the 1st May, 1926. Representatives of the Egyptian Irrigation Department will be afforded facilities to check observations and be given access

ARTICLE 5.

In order to facilitate the co-operation of the forces of the high contracting parties and to facilitate and secure to His Britannic Majesty the protection of the lines of communication of the British Empire, His Majesty the King of Egypt authorises His Britannic Majesty to maintain upon Egyptian territory such armed forces as His Britannic Majesty's Government consider necessary for the above purposes, and will at all times afford the necessary facilities for the maintenance and training of the said forces. The presence of these forces shall not constitute in any manner an occupation and will in no way prejudice the sovereign rights of Egypt.

After a period of ten years from the coming into force of the present treaty the high contracting parties will reconsider the question of the localities in which the said forces are to be stationed in the light of their experience of the operation of the provisions of the treaty and of the military conditions then existing.

ARTICLE 6.

In order that the co-operation between the two armies provided for in articles 3 to 5 may be effective, the instruction and training of the Egyptian army shall be carried out in accordance with the methods of the British army; should the Egyptian Government deem it necessary to have recourse to the services of foreign officers or instructors, they will choose them from among British subjects.

ARTICLE 7.

His Britannic Majesty undertakes to use all his influence with the Powers possessing capitulatory rights in Egypt to obtain the modification of the capitulatory régime now existing in Egypt so as to make it conform more closely with the spirit of the times and with the present state of Egypt.

ARTICLE 8.

In view of the obligations accepted by His Britannic Majesty under the present treaty in connexion with the defence of Egypt against aggression and the special responsibilities devolving upon His Britannic Majesty in regard to foreign interests in Egypt, the Egyptian Government will at all times enable His Britannic Majesty's Government to satisfy themselves that adequate protection is afforded to foreign lives and property in Egypt. The Egyptian Government will maintain a sufficient foreign element in the administration of the country to ensure such protection.

ARTICLE 9.

His Britannic Majesty will use his good offices for the admission of Egypt to the League of Nations, and will support the request which Egypt will present to this effect.

ARTICLE 10.

His Majesty the King of Egypt undertakes not to adopt in foreign countries an attitude incompatible with the alliance or liable to create difficulties for His Britannic Majesty; not to oppose in foreign countries the policy followed by His Britannic Majesty and not to conclude with a foreign Power any agreement which might be prejudicial to British interests.

ARTICLE 11.

In so far as it may be necessary to employ foreign officials in the Administration, the Egyptian Government will look to His Britannic Majesty's Government for assistance in obtaining their requirements, and His Britannic Majesty's Government will afford such assistance. Any appointments of foreign officials of non-British nationality to posts of the rank of Director or any higher rank shall form the subject of previous agreement between the Egyptian Government and His Britannic Majesty's Government.

ARTICLE 12.

By reason of the special relations created between the high contracting parties by the alliance

(1.) The representative of His Britannic Majesty shall have the title of Ambassador; he shall be accredited in the ordinary manner of diplomatic representatives, and shall have precedence over all other representatives.

(2.) The present position and functions of the financial adviser and of the judicial adviser shall be maintained. They shall continue to be appointed in agreement with the Government of His Britannic Majesty, and will be at the disposal of the Egyptian Government for all matters in regard to which that Government may wish to consult them.

ARTICLE 13.

The high contracting parties recognise that their interests, particularly the interests of Egypt in the headwaters of the Nile, will best be promoted by the continuance of their joint sovereignty in the Sudan.

The high contracting parties agree to take as a basis for the determination of the quota attributable to Egypt of the waters of the White Nile and the Blue Nile the conclusions of the report of the Nile Commission of the 21st March, 1926, together with the working arrangements agreed between the representatives of the Egyptian and Sudan Irrigation Departments respectively on on the May, 1926. Representatives of the Egyptian Irrigation Department will be afforded facilities to check observations and be given access

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