wording of the repealed section. Apart from the Consolidation Act, the other licensing matters are placed in a manner which allows for logical order and coherence of treatment. We are not quite certain but what the scheme of giving in the foot-notes only one reference for each case cited, giving a full list of references in the Table of Cases, is likely to cause considerable irritation and delay.

Mr. Whiteley carries on the useful work initiated by his father, and with the experience he obtained whilst preparing the third edition, has succeeded in giving to the reader a work of considerable merit and utility. One special feature in this book is the Introduction to Part I, which presents an excellent historical survey of licensing legislation from the passing of the Alehouse Act in 1828 right up to the present time. The codifying Act is set out, and its sections carefully annotated. Part II deals with Excise Licences and all matters relevant thereto. Billiard Licences, Music, Dancing and Theatre Licences, Refreshment House Licences, &c., find a place in Part III. In the Appendix we find Rules and Regulations of the London and Surrey Quarter Sessions and London County Council, made under various Acts, together with some excellent original Forms of Notices. In reviewing these three works one is struck by the amount of Legislation there is in existence affecting Licensing, how much has been done to simplify that branch of law, and how much there yet remains to be done in order to co-ordinate and systematise the whole subject.

Forty-third Edition.

J. R. ROBERTS. London:

Stone's Justices' Manual. Edited by
Butterworth & Co. 1911.

Eighth Edition. The Magistrates' General Practice.

C. M. ATKINSON. London: Stevens & Sons. 1911.

By

The Justice of the Peace and his Functions. By a MIDDLESEX MAGISTRATE. London: J. M. Dent & Sons.

1911.

The magistracy are much ridiculed and often abused, but have fresh duties constantly thrust upon them, which surely seems a sufficient proof that on the whole their duties are well discharged. Every magistrate who wishes to be efficient must from time to time acquire some book on magistrates' law, and study the recent statutes and decisions. He is in the fortunate position of having only the difficulty of choice, as he will do well with either of the two works first mentioned above, and whether he chooses by size, arrangement or

colour, he will get a most satisfactory guide. Both are edited by very experienced lawyers, and both contain all, and more than all, that most magistrates are likely to want. Stone's is the larger and fuller work, but it is also the heavier. It contains 1,470 pages of text and index and over 170 pages of tables of cases, statutes, etc. If we wanted to find a fault we might perhaps hint that there is almost too much in it, and that a few subjects might be omitted without much loss. An instance that has occurred to us is the account of the trial of a clergyman in a Consistory Court, which does not seem to have anything to do with magistrates beyond the reference to proving a conviction by a temporal Court, and which might have been put shortly, as it is by Mr. Atkinson, in four lines. Although there has not been a great deal of legislation to be included, there are two very important statutes. The first is the Licensing (Consolidation) Act 1910, which has involved re-casting and re-writing an important section of these works. We are glad to note that Mr. Roberts considers that "the Act as a whole has been admirably drawn." He points out some difficulties that have already arisen, and gives his opinion on them. The other important statute is the Finance Act. It is worth noticing that the Children Act (1908) has already had to be amended as a consequence of the decision in R. v. Moon. There is an unusually large number of cases dealing with the subject-matter of these books. For instance, R. v. Norton shakes the authority of R. v. Thompson as to statements made in the presence of accused persons. In May v. Bealey it was apparently held that the defendant has power to waive the provisions of section 13 of the Summary Jurisdiction Act 1848. The Wild Birds Protection Act would seem to prohibit the recent crusade against wood-pigeons, unless the Secretary of State has made some order on the subject; though perhaps it might be successfully contended that the whole army of guns were authorised by the several occupiers of the lands over which they shot.

The little book, The Justice of the Peace and his functions, is a very readable work, giving an outline of the duties and powers of magistrates on and off the bench, and giving advice marked by much shrewdness and common-sense as well as knowledge of the subject.

The Frankpledge System. By W. A. MORRIS, Ph.D. London: Longmans, Green & Co. 1910.-This is a work of much research into a device, whether Saxon or Norman in origin, by which the

rural peace in Plantagenet days was safeguarded through the surety compulsorily undertaken by a number of neighbours for the good conduct of each. The Author, rejecting William of Malmesbury, .who affirms frankpledge to have been a custom in Alfred's days, can trace no mention of it which he deems authentic till the twelfth century; but survivals of it he recognises as late as the nineteenth. No doubt it made for exclusiveness, but amongst its advantages it checked unwelcome immigration, for no man could remain more than a year in any place unless he was sworn in Court and had his name entered upon the Court rolls. In the Appendix a copy is given of a tithing list of Harston, a place known to every Cambridge man, in the reign of Richard II. The book is of great interest and of profound learning; and it adds to its interest that it is produced under the authority of Harvard University.

The Law relating to Trade Unions. By J. H. GREENWOOD. London: Stevens & Sons. 1911. The Author describes his object as being to make the law on this subject intelligible to Union Officials and others who have not ready access to the Law Reports. The book opens with a chapter on the Functions and Status of the Trade Union, interesting both from the historical and legal points of view. Then follow chapters on Restraint of Trade, Liability of Trade Unions in Tort, Strikes, and Trade Union Funds. The book is clearly written and the cases are very fully described, the facts of each being given in some detail. A. S. R. S. v. Osborne is treated at length in an Appendix, and an Addendum contains Osborne v. A. S. R. S. There is a good Index, and the book is one that can be recommended.

The Solicitor's Clerk. Parts I and II. By CHARLES JONES. London Effingham Wilson. 1910-11.-This is the seventh edition. of Part I and the fifth edition of Part II of this useful little guide, designed, as the Author says, inter alia, in his Preface, to give the solicitor's clerk practical hints rather than a learned dissertation on the law. The book deals thoroughly with the routine of a solicitor's office. The first chapter of the first Part contains advice as to qualifications, the best way to obtain a situation, and the best situation to obtain. Thereafter such various matters as the drafting of documents, shorthand-writing, conveyancing, and the course of an action are discussed. This

last is well and faithfully described under the pseudonym of Brown v. Fourex, special attention being paid to matters particularly affecting solicitors' clerks, such as the need of looking after witnesses, in which connection the Author is enabled to give an amusing personal experience. In the second Part the Author treats of Magisterial Law and Practice, Criminal Trials, Licensing, Bankruptcy, and Trusts. There is a capital Glossary of Legal Maxims and Technical Expressions. Both volumes are well furnished with Tables of Costs, &c., and altogether are well worth the modest price stamped on them.

Butterworths' Workmen's Compensation Cases. Vol. III. New Series. Edited by His Honour Judge RUEGG, K.C., and DOUGLAS KNOCKER. London: Butterworth & Co. 1910.-Every case under the Act of 1906 decided by the House of Lords or the Court of Appeal in the year ended October 1910, is reported at length in this volume, and the judgments fully given. And it is claimed that 76 of the included cases are unreported elsewhere. This completeness makes the volume of special value to Insurance Companies who have in the course of time many thousands of pounds at stake, as it is possible that a decision in a new case may turn upon a case which is reported only in this work.

Four Thirteenth Century Law Tracts. By G. E. Woodbine. Yale University Press. 1910.-This is a thesis for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Yale. The tracts are Fet Asaver, Judicium Essoniorum, Modus Componendi Brevia, and Exceptiones ad Cassandum Brevia. The Introduction and notes are textual and bibliographical rather than legal, and the book suffers from want of an Index. The writer attributes the first two tracts to Hengham, chiefly from similarity of style, especially in the occurrence in them of the modest phrase in Hengham's acknowledged works, de quibus ad praesens non recolo.

A Digest of the Law of Trust Accounts. By WALTER STRACHAN. London: Effingham Wilson. 1911.-This volume is concerned with all matters of Receipts and Outgoings between the lifeowner and the remainderman. The chapter which deals with the distinction between Capital and Income, often in practical instances difficult to decide, is founded upon the theories of Professor Irving Forster. It covers but eighteen pages, but its preparation and arrangement

must have demanded a good deal of labour, and it can be commended for its clearness. The Author not only treats of the complicated adjustments which have to be made between the chief parties, but between beneficiaries other than those. A very large number of cases, brought down to October last, and last editions of text-books issued up to the same date, are referred to.

Outlines of Constitutional and Administrative Law. By DALZELL CHAMBERS. London: Stevens & Haynes. 1910.-This is a very useful little work dealing with the hundred and one pieces of knowledge required by the up-to-date citizen. In it is given an outline of such important matters as the Legal Status of the Subject, the Royal Prerogative, Parliament and all subjects appertaining thereto, and Municipal Boroughs. The Author marshals his facts in a brief but illuminating manner, and the book may well find a place in the library of either lawyer or layman. The Index is an excellent key to the text.

Every Man's Own Lawyer. London: Crosby Lockwood & Son. 1911. This handy-book of the principles of law and equity continues to be revised with the care which commends it to its special circle of purchasers. The Editor has had to re-write the portions dealing with Duties, Taxes and Excise Licences, and also on Licensing law. The Editor has adopted a rather unusual course in referring in his Introduction to legislation which is not touched on in the body of the work. The case of R. v. Moon, and the Amending Act passed in consequence, seems to have escaped his notice.

Second Edition. Digest of the Law of Discovery. By His Honour Judge BRAY. London: Sweet & Maxwell. 1910.—It is safe to say that there is nobody who has a wider and more intimate knowledge of the law of Discovery and Inspection than the learned Author of this Digest, for in addition to his standard work on the subject, he has for many years contributed to the Annual Practice the notes on what is now Order XXXI. These notes were some time ago collected and published in a separate volume, of which this is the second edition; and to the portion of the work which deals with the practice under the several rules of the Order is added a concise but sufficient summary of the principles of the doctrine. Although the bulk of the book is a reprint of what appears in the Annuai Practice, the issue in this convenient and portable form will no doubt be found valuable for easy and rapid reference.