which has in it much curious learning on the conflict between English and Portuguese conceptions of tenure; and to that on "The Administration of Justice," in which the interesting point is made that, for the decision of mercantile causes, a civilian (Dr. St. John) was sent for as judge from England (in 1683). There is a certain amount of repetition in the book, and the Author makes the severities of criminal justice a little too conspicuous, but these are small defects. He can be unreservedly congratulated on the success of his self-imposed task.

Handbook of International Law. By G. GRAFTON WILSON. St. Paul, Minn., U.S.A.: The West Publishing Company. 1910.

The talented Author's long experience as a teacher of International law and his eminent scholarship have thoroughly equipped him to write such a treatise on the subject as that now before us, and as an Associate of the Institute of International Law, and an official delegate to the International Naval Conference, he has every title to speak with authority on the subject. The Author sets forth the subject-matter of his treatise in the form of pithy paragraphs, which exhibit none of the discursiveness which marks most of the books on the subject. He is conspicuously fair and moderate, and if his work does not inspire beginners with enthusiastic interest in the topic, it will certainly leave them with few, if any, false impressions regarding its principles.

The Annual Practice 1911. 2 Vols. By B. FOSSETT Lock, M.A., R. WHITE, and F. A. STRINGER. London: Sweet & Maxwell. The Yearly Practice of the Supreme Court for 1911. 2 Vols. By M. MUIR MACKENZIE, T. WILLES CHITTY, and E. Ross, LL.B. London: Butterworth & Co.

A. B. C. Guide to Practice 1911. By F. R. P. STRINGER. London: Sweet & Maxwell.

Can nothing be done to shorten books on Practice? Here we have two excellent guides to the Practice of the Supreme Court on very much the same lines, edited by able and experienced lawyers, with many sub-Editors who are experts on their own branches of the law, and the space taken up is enormous. They are both in two thick volumes, and the senior of the two, the "White Book," has in the first volume 337 pages of tables of contents, cases, statutes, etc.,

The second volume has

1,192 of text and notes, and 296 of index. 1,276 pages of text, and the same 296 pages of index are repeated. Its younger rival, or "Red Book," has in the first volume 300 pages of tables, 1,120 of text, and 355 of index. The second volume carries on the text to 2,243 pages, and the index is substantially repeated in 355 more pages. There is also a special Index to the Divorce Section of 66 pages. This is an overwhelming bulk of matter. We are assured that every effort has been made to prune away all obsolete and useless matter, but it looks as if nothing but fresh legislation would reduce the law of Practice into reasonable dimensions. Some of this great size may perhaps be caused by the very proper desire of the Editors to give their readers every information on every subject connected with Practice. For instance, the Yearly Practice has added a new section on Divorce of nearly 200 pages. We are not sure this was wanted, as there are excellent books of practice for the small body who habitually practise in the Divorce Court, which could easily be consulted by any other practitioner who gets some casual business there. All the sections have been revised and many of them re-written. The Editors of the Annual Practice call timely attention to the valuable summary of the Revenue Practice contributed by Mr. Johnston. Another feature of that work is the collection of the Decisions of the Council of the Bar on Professional Etiquette. Very little legislation either by statute or rule has had to be introduced.

Mr. Stringer's Guide is an agreeable contrast in size, and forms a very valuable companion to the larger work.

Introduction to the study of Law. By F. M. GOADBY, M.A., B.C.L. London: Butterworth & Co.

General Theory of Law.

1910.

By N. M. KORKUNOV, translated by W. G. HASTINGS. London: Stevens & Haynes. 1909.

Third Edition. Jurisprudence. By J. W. SALMOND, M.A., LL.B. London: Stevens & Haynes. 1910.

Eleventh Edition. Jurisprudence. By T. E. HOLLAND, K.C. Oxford: The Clarendon Press. 1910.

In the old days the law student was crammed with law for his examination, and after having passed he did his best to forget the unnatural diet, and to assimilate a practical knowledge more fitted to everyday requirements. In the present day the student's digestion

is more studied, and the diet is more gradual and scientific. A course of teaching based upon general principles common to many systems of law, leads up to the learning of his own particular technical law. Books on Jurisprudence, or the general science of Law, have therefore become more numerous. But there again the reader is struck by a fundamental difference in the point of view exhibited by the several learned writers which gives an individual colouring to their works. Mr. Goadby, saturated with French traditions and imbued with the knowledge obtained as lecturer at the Khedivial School of Law, presents his picture with a strong French and Oriental colouring. Mr. S. Salmond, as one would expect from the SolicitorGeneral of New Zealand, gives his picture quite another tone atmosphere. Mr. Holland's presentation has the austere and somewhat rigid background of the English College Professor. When we come to Professor Korkunov, one sees the result of a life spent in the study of law simply as a science, and quite apart from any particular application. Each writer is undoubtedly pre-eminent in his own particular sphere, and possesses his own individual circle of readers. Perhaps, if one were inclined to make distinctions, it might be pardonable to point with pride to the wide international reputation enjoyed by Professor Holland. Again, it is a matter of congratulation that Professor Korkunov, throughout his erudite treatise, holds up to eulogy our English political and legal systems. En passant, it must not be forgotten that in Professor Vinogradoff, we have, as one of our most learned and famous writers on the medieval English legal system, a compatriot to Professor Korkunov. A great deal of pains has been taken by Mr. Hastings to make the translation from the Russian of the last-mentioned writer as complete and accurate as possible. The conclusion one is driven to is, that although these four learned writers give us the result of their labours on the same subject, there exists little (if any) common ground for comparison, as the point of view exhibited is so entirely dissimilar.

Second Edition. Carson's Real Property Statutes. By THOMAS H. CARSON, K.C., and H. B. BOMPAS. London: Sweet & Maxwell. 1910.

Though this volume is, with extreme moderation of claim, described as the second edition, it is in fact no less than the eleventh, for it is the lineal descendant of Mr. Shelford's notable work which

first appeared in 1833. Within the thirty years which followed, Mr. Shelford brought out six other editions. The next was prepared by Mr. Carson, and the ninth and tenth were produced under the care of the two Authors whose names accredit the present issue. A text which has through so many years been so much revised is almost sure to have attained not only to conciseness of presentment, but to accuracy and consolidation of substance; and this is attested by an examination of its pages. Since the last edition of 1902, the statute book has not been much enlarged with enactments relative to real property, but there have been decisions of considerable importance. Colls v. The Home and Colonial Stores, for instance (L. R. [1904], A. C. 179), which, as pointed out in our issue of August of that year (Vol. XXIX, No. 333), "worked a revolution in the law of light," by settling that the test of right to that easement was, whether the obstruction complained of was or was not a nuisance. Then again, there is Morgan v. Fear (L. R. [1907], A. C. 429), dealing with rights between lessees; and Ambler v. Gordon (L. R. [1905], I K. B. 417), which somewhat enlarges Colls v. The Home and Colonial Stores. These, and apparently all others, relating to the subjects treated of, down to those reported up to May last, have been wrought into the text. Some very useful matters inserted are tables on limitation of actions, and a classification of cases relating to compound settlements. It is a convenient arrangement also that the sections of 37 & 38 Vict., c. 57, which repeal sections of 3 & 4 Wm. IV, c. 27, are inserted in place of the repealed portions of the latter Act. The addenda and corrigenda show the care that has been exercised in reading the proofs and in noting decisions given while the work was going through the press. It might save some trouble in the search for this table if a reference to the page on which it appears were inserted in the Index.

Third Edition. The Law of Friendly Societies. By F. B. FULLER. London: Stevens & Sons.

1910.

This, the third edition of the book under review, has received a thorough revision and many additions. The additions include the Friendly Societies Act 1908, which widened the object and powers of Friendly Societies, the Assurance Companies Act 1909, and other new legislation kindred to the subject. Two hundred and twenty more cases are cited than in the previous edition,

and the Author has re-written and re-arranged many of the notes. Altogether the book appears to have been well overhauled. The treatment of the subject is clear and comprehensive. There are excellent Tables of Cases, &c., a good Index, an Appendix of Model Rules, and all the necessary forms. The book can be warmly recommended.

Third Edition. ROBERTSON, M.A.

Oswald's Contempt of Court. By G. S. London: Butterworth & Co. 1910.

In the Chancery Division there are more cases of contempt of Court than in the King's Bench; perhaps that is the reason why the late Mr. Oswald practised in that Division, in fact the title of the book seems to suggest that as being a correct surmise. Mr. Robertson has made many alterations in the present edition. He has removed nearly one-half of the text and has doubled the number of cases cited, also citing more fully Statutes and Statutory rules. Portions dealing with Attachment and Committal on the Crown Side of the King's Bench Division and in the Bankruptcy Division have been added, so has an entirely new chapter on Attachment in Civil Proceedings by the Crown. In the course of fifteen chapters the subject is adequately dealt with, and the book has lost none of its value in course of revision. In Appendix I, Mr. Registrar Lavie writes a Memorandum as to the Practice upon Committal and Attachment, and in Appendix II appears a very excellent and adequate collection of forms. The Index is illuminating, and in fact the whole book seems fair to win the same measure of success as was accorded to former editions.

Seventh Edition. A Treatise on the Law of Easements. By J. L. GODDARD and N. L. GODDARD. London: Stevens & Sons. 1910.

As that branch of the law which deals with "the privilege that one neighbour hath of another" is very susceptible to modifications through the developments of civic life, a new edition of this treatise will probably be welcome; for since the last issue many variations have taken place. "Ancient lights," for instance, have suffered restriction of their confident claims. Of all the innovations down to June last, ample explanation seems to be given. The remedies for disturbance, and the conditions under which they can'