Muskoxen and Their Hunters: A HistoryIn this first major work on the muskox, Peter C. Lent presents a comprehensive account of how its fortunes have been intertwined with our own since the glaciations of the Pleistocene era. Drawing from paleontology, archaeology, anthropology, and Indian and Inuit lore, Lent examines muskoxen in prehistory. Changing concepts in biology, conservation and management, animal husbandry, and contemporary arctic economics complete the picture. In uniting these themes, Lent refutes the idea that the muskox is an "ice age relict," arguing that it was never numerous, even during the glacial era. Once considered an endangered species, the muskox today has an expanding economic role in northern lands. |
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abundant adult Alaska animals annual Banks Island behavior Beringia biologists bison bones Boötherium breeding bulls calf calves Canada Canadian Arctic captive capture caribou century climate coast decline Devon Island dispersal dogs domestication early East Greenland efforts Ellesmere Island Eskimos estimated evidence expedition exploitation explorers Fairbanks females forage habitat Harington harvest herd High Arctic Hone horn Hudson Bay human hunters hunting of muskoxen increased Indians individuals Inuit killed Land large herbivores lived locations mainland males mammals mammoths meat Melville Island musk muskox hides muskox hunting muskox populations muskoxen native Nelson Island North America northern Norway Norwegian numbers numbers of muskoxen Nunivak Island occurred Ovibos Paleo-eskimos Peary period Pleistocene predators prey qiviut range regarding region reindeer relatively reported River Seward Peninsula skins skulls snowcover species Stefansson steppe summer survived Teal Thelon tion trade tundra Unalakleet ungulates western whalers wildlife winter wolves Yukon