years' service, or as now otherwise provided for by law, no enlisted man shall receive a final discharge until the expiration of his 7-year term of enlistment, including his term of service in the army reserve, but any such enlisted man may be reenlisted for a further term of 7 years under the same conditions in the army at large, or, in the discretion of the Secretary of War, for a term of three years in the army reserve; and any person who may have been discharged honorably from the regular army, with character reported as at least good, and who has been found physically qualified for the duties of a soldier, if not over forty-five years of age, may be enlisted in the army reserve for a similar term of three years; and provided further, that in the event of actual or threatened hostilities the President, when so authorized by Congress, may summon all furloughed soldiers who belong to the army reserve to rejoin their respective organizations, and during the continuance of their service with such organizations they shall receive the pay and allowances authorized by law for soldiers serving therein, and any enlisted man who shall have re-enlisted in the army reserve shall receive during such service the additional pay now provided by law for the soldiers of his arm of the service in their second enlistment period. Upon reporting for duty, and being found physically fit for service. they shall receive a sum equal to $5 a month for each month during which they shall have belonged to the reserve, as well as the actual cost of transportation and subsistence from their homes to the places at which they may be ordered to report for duty under such summons.

The Army Appropriation Act. approved August 24, 1912. provided that the office establishments of the quartermaster general, the commissary general and

Staff Corps
Consolidated.

the paymaster general of the army are hereby consolidated and shall hereafter constitute a single bureau of the War Department, which shall be known as the quartermaster corps, and of which the chief of the quartermaster corps created by this act shall be the head. The quartermaster's, subsistence and pay departments of the army are hereby consolidated into and shall hereafter be known as the quartermaster corps of the army. The officers of said department shall hereafter be known as officers of said corps and by the titles of the rank held by them therein, and, except as hereinafter specifically provided to the contrary, the provisions of sections 26 and 27 of the act of Congress approved February 2, 1901, entitled: "An act to increase the efficiency of the permanent military establishment of the United States," are hereby extended so as to apply to the quartermaster corps in the manner and to the extent to which they now apply to the quartermaster's, subsistence and pay departments, and the provision of said sections of said act relative to chiefs of staff corps and departments shall, so far as they are applicable, apply to all offices and officers of the quartermaster corps with rank above that of colonel. The officers now holding commissions as officers of the said departments shall hereafter have the same tenure of commission in the quartermaster corps, and as officers of said corps shall have rank of the same grades and dates as that now held by them, and, for the purpose of filling vacancies among them, shall constitute one list, on which they shall be arranged according to rank.

So long as any officers shall remain on said list any vacancy occurring therein shall be filled, if possible, from among such officers, by selection if the vacancy occurs in a grade above that of colonel, and, if the vacancy occurs in a grade not above that of colonel, by the prom.otion of an officer who would have been entitled to promotion to that particular vacancy if the consolidation of departments hereby prescribed had never occurred; provided, that on and after January 1, 1917, any vacancies occurring among officers of the quartermaster corps with rank above that of colonel may, in the discretion of the President, be filled by selection from among officers who shall have served by detail in said corps for not less than four years; provided further, that not to exceed six officers holding commissions with the rank of captain in the quartermaster corps and who have lost in relative rank through irregularities of promotion and the operation of separate promotion within the three departments hereby consolidated, may, in the discretion of the President and subject to examination for promotion as prescribed by law, be advanced to the grade of major in the quartermaster corps, and any officer who shall be advanced to said grade under the terms of this proviso shall be temporarily an additional officer of said grade, but only until a vacancy shall occur for him on the list of officers of said grade as hereafter limited; and no officer shall be detailed to fill any vacancy on the list of majors of the quartermaster corps until after all additional officers authorized by the proviso shall have been absorbed.

The non-commissioned officers now known as post quartermaster sergeants and post commissary sergeants shall hereafter be known as quartermaster sergeants, the army paymaster's clerks shall be known as pay clerks. Readjustments and each of said non-commissioned officers and pay clerks shall in Grades. continue to have the pay, allowances, rights and privileges now allowed him by law; provided further, that no details to fill vacancies in the grade of colonel in the quartermaster corps shall be made until the number of officers of that grade shall have been reduced by three, and thereafter the number of officers in that grade shall not exceed twelve; and no details to fill vacancies in the grade of lieutenant colonel in the quartermaster corps shall be made until the number of officers of that grade shall have been reduced by three, and thereafter the number of officers of that grade shall not exceed eighteen; and no details to fill vacancies in the grade of major in the quartermaster corps shall be made until the number of officers of that grade shall have been reduced by nine, and thereafter the number of officers in said grade shall not

According to the census of 1907 1,428,176, or 69.7 per cent, of the inhabitants of Cuba were white. The colored population was composed of 274,272 negroes., 334,695 mixed and 11.837 Chinese.

exceed forty-eight; and no details to fill vacancies in the grade of captain in the quartermaster corps shall be made until after the number of officers of that grade shall be reduced by twenty-nine, and thereafter the number of officers of said grade shall not exceed one hundred and two; and whenever the separation of a line officer of any grade and arm from the quartermaster corps shall create therein a vacancy that, under the terms of this proviso, cannot be filled by detail such separation shall operate to make a permanent reduction of one in the total number of officers of said grade and arm in the line of the army as soon as such reduction can be made without depriving any officer of his commission; provided further, that whenever the Secretary of War shall decide that it is necessary and practicable, regimental, battalion and squadron quartermasters and commissaries shall be required to perform any duties that junior officers of the quartermaster corps may properly be required to perform, and regimental and battalion quartermaster and commissary sergeants shall be required to perform any duties that non-commissioned officers or pay clerks of the quartermaster corps may properly be required to perform, but such regimental, battalion and squadron quartermasters and comm.issaries shall not be required to receipt for any money or property which does not pertain to their respective regiments, battalions or squadrons, and they shall not be separated from the organization to which they belong; provided further, that such duty or duties as are now required by law to be performed by any officer or officers of the quartermaster's, subsistence or pay departments shall hereafter be performed by such officer or officers of the quartermaster corps as the Secretary of War may designate for the purpose; provided further, that there shall be a chief of the quartermaster corps, who shall have the rank of major general while so serving, and who shall be appointed by the President, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, from among the officers of said corps and in accordance with the requirements of section 26 of the act of Congress approved February 2, 1901, hereinbefore cited; provided further, that when the first vacancy in the grade of brigadier general in the quartermaster corps, except a vacancy caused by the expiration of a limited term of appointment, shall hereafter occur that vacancy shall not be filled, but the office in which the vacancy occurs shall immediately cease and determine; provided further, that the quartermaster corps shall be subject to the supervision of the chief of staff to the extent the departments hereby consolidated into said corps have heretofore been subject to such supervision under the terms of the existing law; and provided further, that for the purpose of carrying into effect the provisions of this section the President is hereby authorized to appoint, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, the chief of the quartermaster corps herein provided for immediately upon the passage of this act, and it shall be the duty of the said chief, under the direction of the President and the Secretary of War, to put into effect the provisions of this section not less than sixty days after the passage of this act. As soon as practicable after the creation of a quartermaster corps in the army not to exceed 4,000 civilian employes of that corps, receiving a monthly compensation of not less than $30 nor more than $175 each, Civilian Employes not including civil engineers, superintendents of construcDisplaced. tion, inspectors of clothing, clothing examiners, inspectors of supplies, inspectors of animals, chemists, veterinarians, freight and passenger rate clerks, civil service employes and employes of the classified service, employes of the army transport service and harbor boat service, and such other employes as may be required for technical work shall be replaced permanently by not to exceed an equal number of enlisted men of said corps, and all enlisted men of the line of the army detailed on extra duty in the quartermaster corps or as bakers or assistant bakers shall be replaced permanently by not to exceed 2,000 enlisted men of said corps; and for the purposes of this act the enlistment in the military service of not to exceed 6,000 men, who shall be artached permanently to the quartermaster corps and who shall not be counted as a part of the enlisted force provided by law, is hereby authorized; provided, that the enlisted force of the quartermaster corps shall consist of not to exceed 15 master electricians, 600 sergeants (first class), 1.005 sergeants, 650 corporals, 2,500 privates (first class), 1,190 privates, and 45 cooks, all of whom shall receive the same pay and allowances as enlisted men of corresponding grades in the signal corps of the army, and shall be assigned to such duties pertaining to the quartermaster corps as the Secretary of War may prescribe; provided further, that the Secretary of War may fix the limits of age within which civilian employes who are actually employed by the government when this act takes effect and who are to be replaced by enlisted men under the terms of this act may enlist in the quartermaster corps, provided further, that nothing in this section shall be held or construed so as to prevent the employment of the class of civilian employes excepted from the provisions of this act or the continued employment of civilians included in the act until such latter employes have been replaced by enlisted men of the quartermaster corps.

Length of
Details
Limited.

The Army Appropriation act, approved August 24, 1912, provided that hereafter in time of peace whenever any officer holding a permanent commission in the line of the army with rank below that of major shall not have been actually present for duty for at least two years of the last preceding six years with a troop, battery or company of that branch of the army in which he shall hold said commission, such officer shall not be detached nor permitted to remain detached from such troop, battery, or company, for duty of any kind; and all pay and allowances shall be forfeited by any superior for any period during which, by his order, or his permission, or

"Black Friday," September 24, 1869, was occasioned in New York by a clique of speculators, who suddenly advanced the price of gold to 1622, and thus caused a disastrous panic.

by reason of his failure or neglect to issue or cause to be issued the proper order or instructions at the proper time, any officer shall be detached or permitted to remain detached in violation of any of the terms of this proviso; but nothing in this proviso shall be held to apply in the case of any officer for such period as shall be actually necessary for him, after having been relieved from detached service, to join the troop, battery, or company to which he shall belong in that branch in which he shall hold a permanent commission, nor shall anything in this proviso be held to apply to the detachment or detail of officers in the judge advocate general's department or in the ordnance department, or in connection with the construction of the Panama Canal until after such canal shall have been formally opened, or in the Philippine constabulary until the first day of January, 1914, or to any officer detailed, or who may be hereafter detailed, for aviation duty.

Hereafter, no officer holding a permanent commission in the army with rank below that of major shall be detailed as assistant to the chief of the Bureau of Insular Affairs with rank of colonel, or as commanding officer of the Porto Rico regiment of infantry, or as chief or assistant chief (director or assistant director) of the Philippine constabulary, and no other officers of the army shall hereafter be detailed for duty with the said constabulary except as specifically provided by law.

The Army Appropriation act, approved August 24, 1912, provided that hereafter the General Staff Corps shall consist of two general officers, one of whom shall be the chief of staff, four colonels, six lieutenant colonels, General Staff twelve majors and twelve captains or first lieutenants, all of Reduced. whom shall be detailed from the army at large in the manner and for the periods prescribed by law; provided, that hereafter, except as otherwise provided herein, when any officer shall under the provisions of section 26 of the Act of Congress approved February 2, 1901, be appointed to an office with rank above that of colonel, his apopintment to said office and his acceptance of the appointment shall create a vacancy in the arm, staff corps, or staff department from which he shall be appointed, and said vacancy shall be filled in the mnner prescribed by existing law, but he shall retain in said arm, staff corps, or staff department, the same relative position that he would have held if he had not been appointed to said office, and he shall return to said relative position upon the expiration of his appointment to said office unless he shall be reappointed thereto; and if under the operation of this proviso the number of officers of any particular grade in any arm, staff corps, or staff department, shall at any tme exceed the number authorized by law, no vacancy occurring in said grades shall be filled until after the total number of officers therein shall have been reduced below the number authorized by law; but nothing in this proviso shall be held to apply in the case of any officer who now holds a four-year appointment to an office with rank above that of colonel, and whose return to the relative position that he would have held if he had not been appointed to said office is not possible under existing law.

The Naval Appropriation act, approved August 22, 1912, provided that for the purpose of further increasing the naval establishment of the United States the President is hereby authorized to have constructed one firstIncrease of class battleship, carrying as heavy armor and as powerful armathe Navy. ment as any vessel of its class, to have the highest practicable speed and the greatest desirable radius of action, and to cost, ex-, clusive of armor and armament, not to exceed $7,425,000.

Two fuel ships to cost, exclusive of armor and armament, not to exceed $1,140,000 each, and which shall be built in navy yards, one to be built in a navy yard on the Pacific coast.

Six torpedo-boat destroyers, to have the highest practicable speed, to cost, exclusive of armor and armament, not to exceed $940,000 each.

One tender to destroyers, to cost, exclusive of armor and armament, not to exceed $1,315,000.

Eight submarine torpedo boats in an amount not exceeding in the aggregate $4,480,000; and the sum of $1,600,000 is hereby appropriated for said purpose, and the Secretary of the Navy is directed to consider the advisability of stationing four of said submarine torpedo boats at or near the mouth of the Mississippi River and the United States seaports of the Gulf of Mexico as a proper naval defence thereof, and the other four upon the Pacific coast.

One submarine tender, to cost not to exceed $1,000,000, and the sum of $400,000 is hereby appropriated toward said purpose.

The Secretary of the Navy may build any or all of the vessels authorized in this act in such navy yards as he may designate, and shall build any of the vessels herein authorized in such navy yards as he may designate, should it reasonably appear that the persons, firms or corporations, or the agents thereof, bidding for the construction of any of said vessels, have entered into any combination, agreement, or understanding, the effect, object, or purpose of which is to deprive the government of fair, open, and unrestricted competition in letting contracts for the construction of any of said vessels.

The appropriation made by the act of May 4, 1898, for one gunboat to be built on the Great Lakes and to take the place of the United States ship Michigan (now Wolverine) is hereby made available for the construction of a river gunboat, which may, as advantage may offer, be built elsewhere than on the Great Lakes or their 'connecting waters.

The act entitled "An act limiting the hours of daily service of laborers and mechanics employed upon work done for the United States, or for any territory or for the District of Columbia, and for other purposes,' approved June 19, 1912, shall be in force as to all contracts authorized by this act from and after the passage of this act.

The increase in capital invested in factories in the South between 1904 and 1909 was from $1,993,130,000 to $2,884,666,000, equal to $891,536,000,

or at the rate of 44.7 per cent.

Enlistments

The Naval Appropriation act, approved August 22, 1912, provided that the term of enlistment of all enlisted men of the United States Navy other than those who are enlisted during minority shall be four years. The term of enlistment of any enlisted man in the navy may, by his in the Navy. voluntary written agreement, under such regulations as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Navy with the approval of the President, be extended for a period of either one, two, three or four full years from the date of expiration of the then existing four-year term of enlistment, and subsequent to said date such enlisted men as extend the term of enlistment as authorized in this section shall be entitled to and shall receive the same pay and allowances in all respects as though regularly discharged and re-enlisted immediately upon expiration of their term of enlistment, and such extension shall not operate to deprive them upon discharge at the termination thereof of any right, privilege or benefit to which they would be entitled at the expiration of a four-year term of enlistment.

That section 1573 of the revised statutes of the United States as amended by section 16 of an act entitled "An act to reorganize and increase the efficiency of the personnel of the navy and marine corps of the United States,' approved March 3, 1899, be, and the same is hereby amended to read as follows: "If any enlisted man or apprentice, being honorably discharged, shall re-enlist for four years within four months thereafter, he shall, on presenting his honorable discharge or on accounting in a satisfactory manner for its loss, be entitled to a gratuity of four months' pay, equal in amount to that which he would have received if he had been employed in actual service; provided, that any enlisted man in the navy whose term of enlistment has been extended for an aggregate of four years shall, after the expiration of the preceding four-year term of enlistment upon which the extension is made and if otherwise entitled to an honorable discharge, be paid the gratuity above provided; and, provided, that the man who has received an honorable discharge from his last term of enlistment, or who has received a recommendation for re-enlistment upon the expiration of his last term of enlistment, who re-enlists for a term of four years within four months from the date of his discharge, shall receive an increase of $1.36 per month to the pay prescribed for the rating in which he serves for each successive re-enlistment; and, provided further, that an extension of the period of enlistment as herein authorized, aggregating four years, shall be held and considered as equivalent to continuous service with respect to all rights, privileges and benefits granted for such service pursuant to law."

That under such regulations as the Secretary of the Navy may prescribe, with the approval of the President, any enlisted man may be discharged at any time within three months before the expiration of his term of enlistment or extended enlistment without prejudice to any right, privileges or benefit that he would have received, except pay and allowances for the unexpired period not served, or to which he would thereafter become entitled, had he served his full term of enlistment or extended enlistment; provided, that nothing in this act shall be held to reduce or increase the pay and allowances of enlisted men of the navy now authorized pursuant to law.

No Naval Materials from Trusts.

The Naval Appropriation act, approved August 22, 1912, provided that no part of any sum herein appropriated shall be expended for the purchase of structural steel, ship plates, armor, armament or machinery from any persons, firins or corporations who have combined or conspired to monopolize the interstate or foreign commerce or trade of the United States, or the commerce or trade between the states and any territory or the District of Columbia, in any of the articles aforesaid, and no purchase of structural steel, ship plates, or machinery shall be made at a price in excess of a reasonabl profit above the actual cost of manufacture. But this limitation shall in no case apply to any existing contract. An act approved March 7, 1912, provided that the course at the Naval Academy shall be four years, and midshipmen, on graduation. shall be commissioned ensigns; provided, that midshipmen now performing Midshipmen two years' service at sea in accordance with existing law shall be and Ensigns. commissioned forthwith as ensigns from the date of the passage of this act; and, provided, that those midshipmen of the class which was graduated in 1909, who have completed two years' service afloat, and who are due for promotion, shall be commissioned ensigns to take rank with the other members of their class, according to their standing as determined by their final multiples, respectively, for the six years course, from the fifth day of June, 1911, the date of rank to which they were entitled prior to the passage of this act; and, provided further, that no back pay or allowances shall result by reason of the passage of this act.

The Sundry Civil Appropriation act, approved August 24, 1912, provided as follows: To enable the President to continue, by the employment of accountants and experts from official and private life, such officials to receive no compensation beyond their official salaries, to more effectively inquire into Federal Economy the methods of transacting the public business of the governCommission. ment only in the several executive departments and other executive government establishments, with the view of inaugurating new or changing old methods of transacting such public business so as to attain greater efficiency and economy therein, and to ascertain and recommend to Congress what changes in law may be necessary to carry into effect such results of his inquiry as cannot be carried into effect by executive action alone, and for each and every purpose necessary hereunder, including the employment of personal services at

The Swiss state railways in 1910 earned 7 per cent more than the year before, while the expenses were 0.4 per cent less, and the resulting

increase in det earnings was $2,410,000.

Washington or elsewhere, $75,000; provided, that not exceeding three persons may be employed hereunder at rates of compensation exceeding $4,000 per annum. And a report hereunder shall be submitted at the last regular session of the Sixty-second Congress and not later than December 31, 1912.

The Legislative, Executive and Judicial Appropriation act, approved August 23, 1912, provided that until otherwise provided by law the regular annual estimates of appropriations for expenses of the government of the Anti-Budget United States shall be prepared and submitted to Congress, by Legislation. those charged with the duty of such preparation and submission, only in the form and at the time now required by law, and in no other form and at no other time.

The Sundry Civil Appropriation act, approved August 24, 1912, provided that the act entitled "An act authorizing the Secretary of the Treasury to obtain plans and specifications for public buildings to be erected under Tarsney Act. the supervision of the Treasury Department, and providing for local Repealed. supervision of the construction of the same," approved February 20, 1893, commonly known as the "Tarsney Act," is repealed; provided, that contracts heretofore entered into under said act shall not be affected by this repeal, and architectural services rendered under such contracts shall be paid for from the appropriation for "architectural competitions, public buildings," available at the time payment for the particular service rendered is due.

An act approved August 1, 1912, provided that the right to remuneration for assistance of salvage services shall not be affected by common ownership of

the vessels rendering and receiving such assistance or salvage services. Salvage The master or person in charge of a vessel shall, so far as he can at Sea. do so without serious danger to his own vessel, crew or passengers, render assistance to every person who is found at sea in danger of being lost; and if he fails to do so, he shall, upon conviction, be liable to a penalty of not exceeding $1,000 or imprisonment for a term not exceeding two years, or both.

Salvors of human life, who have taken part in the services rendered on the occasion of the accident giving rise to salvage, are entitled to a fair share of the remuneration awarded to the salvors of the vessel, her cargo, and accessories. A suit for the recovery of remuneration for rendering assistance. or salvage services shall not be maintainable if brought later than two years from the date when such assistance or salvage was rendered, unless the court in which the suit is brought shall be satisfied that during such period there had not been any reasonable opportunity of arresting the assisted or salved vessel within the jurisdiction of the court or within the territorial waters of the country in which the libellant resides or has his principal place of business.

Nothing in this act shall be construed as applying to ships of war or to government ships appropriated exclusively to a public service. This act shall take effect and be in force on and after July 1, 1912.

An act approved June 19, 1912, provided that every contract hereafter made to which the United States, any territory or the District of Columbia is a party, and every such contract made for or on behalf of the United Extending Federal States, or any territory, or said District, which may require or Eight-Hour Law. involve the employment of laborers or mechanics, shall contain a provision that no laborer or mechanic doing any part of the work contemplated by the contract, in the employ of the contractor or any subcontractor contracting for any part of said work contemplated, shall be required or permitted to work more than eight hours in any one calendar day upon such work; and every such contract shall stipulate a penalty for each violation of such provision in such contract of $5 for each laborer or mechanic for every calendar day in which he shall be required or permitted to labor more than eight hours upon said work; and any officer or person designated as inspector of the work to be performed under any such contract, or to aid in enforcing the fulfilment thereof, shall, upon observation or investigation, forthwith report to the proper officer of the United States, or of any territory, or of the District of Columbia, all violations of the provisions of this act directed to be made in every such contract, together wth the name of each laborer or mechanic who has been required or permitted to labor in violation of such stipulation and the day of such violation, and the amount of the penalties imposed according to the stipulation in any such contract shall be directed to be withheld for the use and benefit of the United States, the District of Columbia, or the territory contracting by the officer or person whose duty it shall be to approve the payment of the moneys due under such contract, whether the violation of the provisions of such contract is by the contractor or any sub-contractor. Any contractor or sub-contractor aggrieved by the withholding of any penalty as herein before provided shall have the right within six months thereafter to appeal to the head of the department making the contract on behalf of the United States or the territory, and in the case of a contract made by the District of Columbia to the commissioners thereof, who shall have power to review the action imposing the penalty, and in all such appeals from such final order whereby a contractor or sub-contractor may be aggrieved by the imposition of the penalty herein before provided such contractor or sub-contractor may within six months after decision by such head of a department or the Commissioners of the District of Columbia file a claim in the Court of Claims, which shall have jurisdiction to hear and decide the matter in like manner as in other cases before said court.

Nothing in this act shall apply to contracts for transportation by land or water, or for the transmission of intelligence, or for the purchase of supplies by

The consumption of malt liquors in the United States is over 20 gallons a head per

annum.