in connection with any railroad, and also all the road in use by any common carrier operating a railroad, whether owned or operated under a contract, agreement or lease; and the term "employes" as used in this act shall be held to mean persons actually engaged in or connected with the movement of any train.

It shall be unlawful for any common carrier, its officers or agents, subject to this act to require or permit any employe subject to this act to be or remain on duty for a longer period than sixteen consecutive hours, and whenever any such employe of such common carrier shall have been continuously on duty for sixteen hours he shall be relieved and not required or permitted again to go on duty until he has had at least ten consecutive hours off duty; and no such employe who has been on duty sixteen hours in the aggregate in any twenty-four-hour period shall be required or permitted to continue or again go on duty without having had at least eight consecutive hours off duty: Provided, That no operator, train dispatcher, or other employe who by the use of the telegraph or telephone dispatches, reports, transmits, receives, or delivers orders pertaining to or affecting train movements shall be required or permitted to be or remain on duty for a longer period than nine hours in any twenty-four-hour period in all towers, offices, places, and stations continuously operated night and day, nor for a longer period than thirteen hours in all towers, offices, places, and stations operated only during the daytime, except in case of emergency, when the employes named in this proviso may be permitted to be and remain on duty for four additional hours in a twenty-four-hour period on not exceeding three days in any week: Provided further, The Interstate Commerce Commission may after full hearing in a particular case and for good cause shown extend the period within which a common carrier shall comply with the provisions of this proviso as to such case.

Any such common carrier, or any officer or agent thereof, requiring or permitting any employe to go, be, or remain on duty in violation of the second section hereof, shall be liable to a penalty of not to exceed five hundred dollars for each and every violation, to be recovered in a suit or suits to be brought by the United States District Attorney in the district court of the United States having jurisdiction in the locality where such violation shall have been committed; and it shall be the duty of such District Attorney to bring suits upon satisfactory information being lodged with him; but no such suit shall be brought after the expiration of one year from the date of such violation; and it shall also be the duty of the Interstate Commerce Commission to lodge with the proper District Attorneys information of any such violations as may come to its knowledge. In all prosecutions under this act the common carrier shall be deemed to have had knowledge of all acts of all its officers and agents: Provided, That the provisions of this act shall not apply in any case of casualty or unavoidable accident or the act of God; nor where the delay was the result of a cause not known to the carrier or its officer or agent in charge of such employe at the time said employe left a terminal, and which could not have been foreseen: Provided further, That the provisions of the act shall not apply to the crews of wrecking or relief trains.

It shall be the duty of the Interstate Commerce Commission to execute and enforce the provisions of the act, and all powers granted to the Interstate Commerce Commission are hereby extended to it in the execution of the act. The law is to take effect March 4, 1908.

Expatriation.

An act approved March 2, 1907, provided that the Secretary of State shall be authorized, in his discretion, to issue passports to persons not citizens of the United States as follows: Where any person has made a declaration of intention to become such a citizen as provided by law and has resided in the United States for three years a passport may be issued to him entitling him to the protection of the government in any foreign country: Provided, That such passport shall not be valid for more than six months and shall not be renewed, and that such passport shall not entitle the holder to the protection of this government in the country of which he was a citizen prior to making such declaration of intention. Any American citizen shall be deemed to have expatriated himself when he has been naturalized in any foreign state in conformity with its laws, or when he has taken an oath of allegiance to any foreign state. When any naturalized citizen shall have resided for two years in the foreign state from which he came, or for five years in any other foreign state, it shall be presumed that he has ceased to be an American citizen, and the place of his general abode shall be deemed his place of residence during said years: Provided, however, That such presumption may be overcome on the presentation of satisfactory evidence to a diplomatic or consular officer of the United States, under such rules and regulations as the Department of State may prescribe: And provided also, That no American citizen shall be allowed to expatriate himself when this country is at

war.

Any American woman who marries a foreigner shall take the nationality of her husband. At the termination of the marital relation she may resume her American citizenship, if abroad, by registering as an American citizen within one year with a consul of the United States, or by returning to reside in the United States, or, if residing in the United States at the termination of the marital relation, by continuing to reside therein. Any foreign woman who acquires American citizenship by marriage to an American shall be assumed to retain the same after the termination of the marital relation if she continue to reside in the United States, unless she makes formal renunciation thereof before a court having jurisdiction to naturalize aliens, or if she resides abroad she may retain her citizenship by registering as such before a United States Consul within one year after the termination of such marital relation. A child born without the United States of alien parents shall be deemed a citizen of the United States by virtue of the naturalization of or resumption of American

citizenship by the parent: Provided, That such naturalization or resumption takes place during the minority of such child: And provided further, That the citizenship of such minor child shall begin at the time such minor child begins to reside permanently in the United States. All children born outside the limits of the United States who are citizens thereof in accordance with the provisions of section one thousand nine hundred and ninety-three of the Revised Statutes of the United States and who continue to reside outside the United States shall, in order to receive the protection of this government, be required upon reaching the age of eighteen years to record at an American consulate their intention to become residents and remain citizens of the United States and shall be further required to take the oath of allegiance to the United States upon attaining their majority.

Age Service
Military

Pensions.

therefrom, and or over, shall, such rules and

An act approved February 6, 1907, provided that any person who served ninety days or more in the military or naval service of the United States during the late Civil War or sixty days in the war with Mexico, and who has been honorably discharged who has reached the age of sixty-two years upon making proof of such facts according to regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may provide, be placed upon the pension roll, and be entitled to receive a pension as follows: In case such person has reached the age of sixty-two years, twelve dollars per month; seventy years, fifteen dollars per month; seventy-five years or over, twenty dollars per month; and such pension shall commence from the date of the filing of the application in the Bureau of Pensions after the passage and approval of this act: Provided, That pensioners who are sixty-two years of age or over, and who are now receiving pensions under existing laws, or whose claims are pending in the Bureau of Pensions, may, by application to the Commissioner of Pensions in such form as he may prescribe, receive the benefits of this act; and nothing herein contained shall prevent any pensioner or person entitled to a pension from prosecuting his claim and receiving a pension under any other general or special act: Provided, That no person shall receive a pension under any other law at the same time or for the same period that he is receiving a pension under the provisions of this act: Provided further,' That no person who is now receiving or shall hereafter receive a greater pension under any other general or special law than he would be entitled to receive under the provisions herein shall be pensionable under this act.

Untaxed
Denatured
Alcohol.

An act approved March 2, 1907, amended the denatured alcohol act of June 7, 1906. It provided that notwithstanding anything contained in the act entitled "An act for the withdrawal from bond tax free or domestic alcohol when rendered unfit for beverage or liquid medical uses by mixture with suitable denaturing materials," approved June 7, 1906, domestic alcohol when suitably denatured may be withdrawn from bond without the payment of internal revenue tax and used in the manufacture of ether and chloroform and other definite chemical substances where said alcohol is changed into some other chemical substance and does not appear in the finished product as alcohol: Provided, That rum of not less than one hundred and fifty degrees proof may be withdrawn, for denaturation only, in accordance with the provisions of said act of June 7, 1906, and in accordance with the provisions of this act.

The Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may authorize the establishment of central denaturing bonded warehouses other than those at distilleries, to which alcohol of the required proof may be transferred from distilleries or distillery bonded warehouses without the payment of internal revenue tax, and in which such alcohol may be stored and denatured. The establishment, operation, and custody of such warehouses shall be under such regulations and upon the execution of such bonds as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe.

Alcohol of the required proof may be drawn off, for denaturation only, from receiving cisterns in the cistern room of any distillery for transfer by pipes direct to any denaturing bonded warehouse on the distillery premises or to closed metal storage tanks situated in the distillery bonded warehouse, or from such storage tanks to any denaturing bonded warehouse on the distillery premises, and denatured alcohol may also be transported from the denaturing honded warehouse, in such manner and by means of such packages, tanks or tank cars, and on the execution of such bonds, and under such regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe. And further, alcohol to be denatured may be withdrawn without the payment of internal revenue tax from the distillery bonded warehouse for shipment to central denaturing plants in such packages, tanks and tank cars, under such regulations and on the execution of such bonds as may be prescribed by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury.

At distilleries producing alcohol from any substance whatever, for denaturation only, and having a daily spirit producing capacity of not exceeding one hundred proof gallons, the use of cisterns or tanks of such size and construction as may be deemed expedient may be permitted in lieu of distillery bonded warehouses, and the production, storage, the manner and process of denaturing on the distillery premises the alcohol produced, and transportation of such alcohol, and the operation of such distilleries shall be upon the execution of such bonds and under such regulations as the Commissioner of Internal Revenue, with the approval of the Secretary of the Treasury, may prescribe, and such distilleries may by such regulations be exempted from such provisions of the existing laws relating to distilleries as may be deemed expedient by said officials. The act became effective on September 1, 1907.

The postoffice appropriation act, approved March 2, provided that the PostmasterGeneral shall cause a record to be kept from July 1 to December 31, 1907, inclusive,

of the weight in pounds, respectively, of first class, second class, Postal free, paid-at-the-pound rate, and transient, third-class and fourthInvestigations. class matter and all franked and penalty matter and the equipment carried in connection therewith.

For thirty days during such period he shall require a record to be kept of the weight of each of the classes above specified dispatched from such postoffices as he shall determine to be representative for the purpose and have computed thereon, in the most practicable way, the average haul of the mail of the different classes and subclasses as hereinbefore set out. For seven days during such period he shall cause a record to be kept of the revenue received from each of the classes and subclasses of mail matter herein before specified and a count of the number of pieces of each class and subclass, showing also for the first class the number of letters, postal cards, and other matter separately, and for thirty consecutive days during such period he shall cause a record to be kept for the purpose of ascertaining the average load of railway postoffice cars other than storage cars, the average load of storage cars, and the average load in compartment cars.

Such record shall be reported to Congress by May 1, 1908, and the sum of three hundred thousand dollars, or so much thereof as may be necessary, is hereby appropriated, out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated, to cover the expense of such weighing and counting and the recording and compilation of the information so acquired, and the rent of necessary rooms in the city of Washington, and the same shall be immediately available.

There shall be appointed a joint commission of Congress, consisting of three Senators to be appointed by the President of the Senate, and three members of the House of Representatives to be appointed by the Speaker of the House, whose duty it shall be to make an investigation into the entire business system of the Post Office Department and the postal service, including the methods of accounting and expenditure in force in such department and service, with a view to determining what changes or improvements should be instituted in the organization and conduct thereof, and whether a system may not be devised for dealing with the revenues and expenditures of the Post Office Department and the postal service so that the operating expenses thereof may be separated and assigned to the various classes of mail matter transported by that service in such manner as to show the true cost of the transportation, handling and delivery of each class of mail matter and of the various subdivisions of such classes, as well as the true cost of each of the special services rendered the government and the public by the postal service.

Such commission is authorized to employ expert and professional service, including statisticians, accountants, auditors and persons experienced in traffic management, to aid in the work of inquiry and examination; also to employ a secretary, disbursing officer, clerks, stenographers, and such other assistance as may be necessary, said experts, secretary, clerks and employes to be paid such compensation as the said commission may deem just and reasonable. The Postmaster General shall detail from time to time such officers and employes as may be requested by said commission in its investigation.

Said commission is authorized to send for persons, books, papers and documents, and, through its chairman or acting chairman or the chairman of any subcommittee thereof, to administer oaths and to examine witnesses and books, papers and documents respecting all matters pertaining to the duties of said commission, and to sit during the recess of Congress. Said commission shall, as soon as practicable after the beginning of the first session of the 60th Congress, report to Congress such conclusions, recommendations and plans as said commission may see proper to make by bill or otherwise.

The naval appropriation act, approved March 2, provided for the increase of the navy as follows: For the purpose of further increasing the naval establishment of

Increase

of the Navy.

the United States, the President is authorized to have constructed, by contract or in navy yards, as hereinafter provided, one first class battleship, to cost, exclusive of armor and armament, not exceeding six million dollars, similar in all essential characteristics, and additional to, the battleship authorized by the act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907, plans and specifications for which last named vessel have already been prepared and submitted by the Secretary of the Navy for the information of Congress, as required by the provisions of the aforesaid act.

Two torpedo boat destroyers, to have the highest practicable speed, and to cost, exclusive of armament, not to exceed $800,000 each: Provided, That the cost of the three torpedo boat destroyers provided for in the act making appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907, exclusive of armament, shall not exceed $800,000 each.

The contract for the construction of said vessels shall be awarded by the Secretary of the Navy to the lowest best responsible bidder, having in view the best results and most expeditious delivery; and in the construction of all of said vessels the provisions of the act of August 3, 1886, entitled "An act to increase the naval establishment,' as to materials for said vessels, their engines, boilers and machinery, the contracts under which they are built, the notice of any proposals for the same, the plans, drawings, specifications therefor and the method of executing said contracts, shall be observed and followed, and, subject to the provisions of this act, all said vessels shall be built in compliance with the terms of said act, and in all their parts shall be of domestic manufacture, and the steel material shall be of domestic manufacture and of the quality and characteristics best adapted to the various purposes for which it may be used, in accordance with specifications approved by the Secretary of the Navy; and of the vessels provided for in this act and the act making

appropriations for the naval service for the fiscal year ended June 30, 1907, and for other purposes, not more than one battleship and one torpedo boat destroyer, or two torpedo boat destroyers, shall be built by one contracting party: Provided, That the Secretary of the Navy may build any or all of the vessels herein authorized in such navy yards as he may designate, and shall build any of the vessels herein authorized in such navy yards as he may designate should it reasonably appear that the persons, firms, or corporations, or the agents thereof, bidding for the construction of any of said vessels have entered into any combination, agreement, or understanding the effect, object or purpose of which is to deprive the government of fair, open and unrestricted competition in letting contracts for the construction of any of said vessels.

The provision in the naval appropriation act approved June 29, 1906, authorizing the Secretary of the Navy to contract for subsurface or submarine boats after certain tests to be completed by March 29, 1907, is hereby amended, in accordance with the recommendation of the Secretary of the Navy, so as to extend the test period until May 29, 1907; and the limit of cost provided for in the authorization aforesaid is hereby increased to $3,000,000, and the sum of $1,000,000, which includes the $500,000 heretofore appropriated, is hereby appropriated and to remain available until expended. No part of the appropriation to be expended for any boat that does not in such test prove to be equal in the judgment of the Secretary of the Navy to the best boat now owned by the United States or under contract therefor, and no penalties under this limitation shall be imposed by reason of any delay in the delivery of said boat due to the submission or participation in the comparative trials aforesaid.

An act approved March 1 provided that Section 2 of an act approved January 12. 1895, providing for the public printing and binding and the distribution of public documents, be amended to read as follows:

Public

Printing

Reforms.

"Sec. 2. Paragraph 1. That the Joint Committee on Printing shall have power to adopt such measures as may be deemed necessary to remedy any neglect or delay in the execution of the public printing and binding. "Par. 2. The Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives may order the reprinting in a number not exceeding one thousand copies of any pending bill or resolution, or any public law not exceeding fifty pages, or any report from any committee or Congressional commission on pending legislation not accompanied by testimony or exhibits or other appendices and not exceeding fifty pages, when the supply shall have been exhausted." The Public Printer shall require each requisition for reprinting to cite the specific authority of law for its execution.

"Par. 3. No committee of Congress shall be empowered to procure the printing of more than one thousand copies of any hearing or other document, which shall be germane thereto, for its use except by simple, concurrent or joint resolution, as hereinafter provided.

"Par. 4. Orders for printing extra copies, otherwise than herein provided for, shall be by simple, concurrent or joint resolution. Either House may print extra copies to the amount of $500 by simple resolution; if the cost exceeds that sum the printing shall be ordered by concurrent resolution, except when the resolution is self-appropriating, when it shall be by joint resolution. Such resolutions, when presented to either House, shall be referred immediately to the Committee on Printing, who in making their report shall give the probable cost of the proposed printing upon the estimate of the Public Printer; and no extra copies shall be printed before such committee has reported: Provided, That the printing of additional copies may be performed upon orders of the Joint Committee on Printing within a limit of $200 in cost in any one instance: And provided further, That nothing in this paragraph shall be held to contravene the provisions of Public Resolution No. 11, approved March 28, 1904.

"Par. 5. The term 'extra copies' as used herein shall be construed to mean copies in addition to the usual number as defined in the act providing for the public printing and binding and the distribution of public documents, approved January 12, 1895, and amendments thereto.

"Par. 6. Either House may order the printing of a document not already provided for by existing law, but only when the same shall be accompanied by an estimate from the Public Printer as to the probable cost thereof. Any executive department, bureau, board or independent office of the government submitting reports or documents in response to inquiries from Congress shall submit therewith an estimate of the probable cost of printing to the usual nuinber. Nothing in this paragraph relating to estimates shall apply to reports or documents not exceeding 50 pages.

"Par. 7. The cost of the printing of any document or report hereafter printed by order of Congress which cannot under the provisions of Public Resolution No. 13, 59th Congress, first session, approved March 30, 1906, be properly charged to any other appropriation or allotment of appropriation already made, it shall, upon order of the Joint Committee on Printing, be charged to the allotment of appropriation for printing and binding for Congress.

papers

"Par. 8. Stationery, blank books, tables, forms and other necessary preparatory to Congressional legislation, required for the official use of the Senate and the House of Representatives, or the committees and officers thereof, shall be furnished by the Public Printer upon requisition of the Secretary of the Senate and the Clerk of the House of Representatives, respectively. This shall not cperate to prevent the purchase by the officers of the Senate and House of Representatives of such stationery and blank books as may be necessary for sale to Senators and Members in the stationery rooms of the two Houses, as now provided by law.

"Par. 9. Each Senator and Representative shall be entitled to the binding in

half morocco, or material not more expensive, of but one copy of each public document to which he may be entitled, an account of which, with each Senator and Representative, shall be kept by the Secretary of the Senate and Clerk of the House, respectively."

Sec. 2. That Section 81 of the act approved January 12, 1895, providing for the public printing and binding and the distribution of public documents, be amended to read as follows:

one

"Sec. 81. Par. 1. That publications ordered printed by Congress, or either House thereof, shall be in four series, namely: One series of reports made by the committees of the Senate, to be known as Senate reports; one series of reports made by the committees of the House of Representatives, to be known as House reports; series of documents other than reports of committees, the orders for printing which originate the Senate, to be known as Senate documents, and one series of documents other than committee reports, the orders for printing which originate in the House of Representatives, to be known as House documents. The publications in each series shall be consecutively numbered in the order in which they are received, the number of each series continuing in unbroken sequence throughout the entire term of a Congress; but these provisions shall not apply to documents printed in confidence for the use of the Senate in executive session or to confidential hearings of committees. If the publication so ordered be an annual report or serial publication originating in or prepared by an executive department, bureau, office, commission or board it shall not be numbered in the document or report series of either House of Congress, but shall be designated by title, as hereinafter provided. Of all department reports required by law to be printed the usual number shall be printed concurrently with the departmental edition.

"Par. 2. In the hinding of Congressional numbered documents and reports, and departmental publications furnished for distribution to state and territorial libraries entitled by law to receive them, every publication of sufficient size on any one subject shall hereafter be bound separately, and receive the title suggested by the subject of the volume; and the others, if of a general public character, shall be arranged in convenient volumes and bound in a manner as directed by the Joint Committee on Printing; and those not of a general public character shall be delivered to the depositories in unbound form, and ten copies shall be bound and distributed as follows: To the Senate library, three copies; to the House library, three copies; the Library of Congress, three copies, and to the office of the superintendent of documents, one copy.' After June 30, 1907, no part of the expense of the administration of the office of superintendent of documents shall be charged to any appropriation or allotment of appropriation for the public printing and binding, but shall be otherwise specifically appropriated for; and the administration of said office of superintendent of documents shall be under the direction of the Public Printer, as heretofore. Upon request of the superintendent of documents the Public Printer is hereby authorized and directed to either increase or diminish the number of copies of publications furnished for distribution, to designate depositories or state and territorial libraries, so that the number of copies delivered shall be equal to the number of libraries on the list: Provided, That the number thus delivered shall at no time exceed the number authorized under existing statute: And provided further, That the allotment of five hundred and one copies furnished for distribution to libraries be increased or reduced, from time to time, as the redistricting of states or the rearrangement of depository lists under provisions of law shall demand, to such numbers as may be necessary to comply with the law: And provided further, That all land grant colleges shall be constituted as depositories for public documents, subject to the provisions and limitations of the depository laws.

In the printing of any document or report, or any publication authorized by law to be printed, or hereafter authorized to be printed, for distribution by Congress, the whole number of copies of which shall not have been ordered within two years from the date of the original order, the authority to print shall lapse, except as orders for subsequent editions may be approved by the Joint Committee on Printing, and then in no instance shall the whole number exceed the number originally authorized by law. Section 59 of the act approved January 12, 1895, providing for the public printing and binding and the distribution of public documents, and Sections 81 and 99 of said act, and the amendment thereto in the act approved March 2, 1895, Statutes at Large, Volume 28. Page 961, Chapter 189, and all other laws or parts of laws in conflict with the provisions of this act, are hereby repealed.

Nobel
Peace Prize
Foundation.

a

are

An act approved March 2 provided that the Chief Justice of the United States, the Secretary of Agriculture, and the Secretary of Commerce and Labor, and their successors in office, together with a representative of labor and representative of capital and two persons to represent the general public, to be appointed by the President of the United States. hereby created trustees of an establishment by the name of the Foundation for the Promotion of Industrial Peace, with authority to receive the Nobel peace prize awarded to the President and by him devoted to this foundation, and to administer it in accordance with the purposes herein defined. Any vacancies occurring in the number of trustees shall be filled in like manner by appointment by the President of the United States.

It shall be the duty of the trustees herein mentioned to invest and reinvest the principal of this foundation, to receive any additions which may come to it by gift, bequest, or devise, and to invest and reinvest the same; and to pay over the income from the foundation and its additions, or such part thereof as they may from time to time apportion, to a committee of nine persons, to be known as "The industrial peace committee," to be selected by the trustees, three members of which committee