ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY.

THE ILLINOIS INDUSTRIAL UNIVERSITY is located in the city of Urbana, and adjoining the city of Champaign, Champaign county, Illinois, 128 miles from Chicago, on the Chicago Branch of the Illinois Central Railroad, and at the crossing of the Indianapolis, Bloomington and Western Railway.

It was founded by an act of the Legislature, approved February 28, 1867, and endowed by the Congressional grant of four hundred and eighty thousand acres of land scrip, under the law providing for Agricultural Colleges. It was further enriched by the donation of Champaign county, of farms, buildings and bonds, valued at $400,000.

The main University building is of brick, 125 feet in length, and five stories in hight. Its public rooms are sufficient for the accommodation of over four hundred students, and it has private study and sleeping rooms for one hundred and twenty. The cities of Champaign and Urbana, which are connected by a street railroad, running past the University grounds, are well supplied with churches and schools, and can afford abundant facilities for boarding and rooming a large body of students.

The University domain, including the ornamental and parade grounds, experimental and model farms, gardens, etc., comprises over one thousand acres of land.

AIMS OF THE UNIVERSITY.

The chief aim of the Industrial University, as expressed in the law of Congress, is "THE LIBERAL AND PRACTICAL EDUCATION OF THE INDUSTRIAL CLASSES in the several pursuits and professions in life." In order to do this, it is required, under the statute of

incorporation, "to teach, in the most thorough manner, such branches of learning as are related to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts, and Military Tactics, without excluding other scientific and classical studies." The aim of the Institution is to produce scholars of sound learning, of practical sense and skill-fitted to be leaders in those industrial interests on which the social well-being and civilization of our country depend. It is also hoped that the University will contribute to the increase and diffusion of the sciences which bear upon and promote the useful arts.

DEPARTMENTS OF INSTRUCTION.

The following new and enlarged statement of the Departments of Study and Instruction has been prepared to present a more perspicuous and simple view of the course and extent of the instruction.

Special prominence is given to those "branches of learning related to Agriculture and the Mechanic Arts," but entire liberty is allowed to each student to select such studies as he may be prepared to pursue. The University is designed more especially for young men who have already attained such age that they may properly claim to be the judges of their own wants. It is not thought useful or right to attempt to urge every student, without regard to his capacity, tastes, or practical wants, through some fixed "course of studies." While opportunities are freely provided for a thorough and full mastery of each branch of useful learning, the student is exhorted to weigh carefully his own capacity and needs, to choose, with serious and independent consideration, the branches which will best fit him for his chosen work, and to pursue them to such an extent as he may be able. It is expected that each student will pursue three or more studies at the same time, in order to employ his time fully. But, on special request, he may give his whole time to a less number, if the studies and practice in his chosen course afford him full employment.

DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE.

This Department embraces

1. The Sub-Department or School of General Agriculture; and

2. The Sub-Department or School of Horticulture, Fruit-growing, Landscape Gardening.

The aim of the courses is to fit students to manage successfully, for themselves or others, agricultural and horticultural estates and enterprises. The studies are pursued partly by lectures, accompanied by courses of reading and examinations, and partly by the regular study of text-books. Practical exercises and experiments on the farm and in the gardens, nurseries and fruit plantations, will constitute a part of the course.

There have been arranged, from the studies connected with agriculture, two distinct courses-a full course of four years, and a partial course of two years. Students may take either, at their option, or may select studies from either. The following presents the full course of studies in the

SCHOOL OF GENERAL AGRICULTURE.

FIRST YEAR-The Farm.-Its measurements and mapping; subdivisions— meadows, pastures, orchards, woodlands, gardens, etc. Fences, hedges, farmbuildings. Soil-classification and mechanical treatment of soils, plowing, etc. Drainage. Plant culture-structure and physiology of plants; classes of the useful plants, their characteristics, varieties, habits and values. Wheat culture, maize culture, grass culture, root culture.

SECOND YEAR-The Farm.-Chemical elements and chemical treatment of soils. Fertilizers-their composition, manufacture, preservation and application. Climate: influence of light, heat and electricity on soils and vegetable growth. Farm implements-principles of structure and use. Road-making. Fruit culture-modes of propagation, production of new varieties, diseases of fruit trees. Insects injurious to vegetation. Animal husbandry-breeds and varieties of neat cattle, horses, sheep and swine. Principles of breeding, rearing, training, fattening, etc. Chemical composition of food, and preparation of the several varieties. Sheep husbandry. Poultry. Bees.

THIRD YEAR-Agricultural Economy.—Relation of Agriculture to the other industries and to Commerce. The several branches of Agriculture. Agricultural book-keeping-the farm-book, herd-book, etc.

FOURTH YEAR-Rural Law.—Of tenures and conveyances of land, of highways, of cattle, of fences, of noxious weeds, etc. Veterinary surgery and medicine. Laying out of large farming estates. Rural architecture and engineering. Foreign agriculture. History and literature of agriculture.

THE SCHOOL OF HORTICULTURE.

Will include the formation, management and care of gardens, hot-beds, propagating houses, green houses, nurseries, orchards, tree plantations and ornamental grounds, and the instruction will be from text-books and by lectures in the class-room, together with illustrations and applications in the propagating and green houses, botanical garden and arboretum, and upon the vegetable and fruit grounds.

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL PHILOSOPHY AND ENGINEERING. The studies of this Department are intended to qualify young men for undertaking the designing, construction or superintendence of all kinds of machinery. Unlike most other professions, mechanical engineering requires

an acquaintance with all its branches, for the highest success in either. The designing of machinery, for example, presupposes a knowledge of pattern making, finishing, and mechanical proportion. The construction of machines requires not only a practical knowledge of the use of tools, but an understanding of the drawing by which the design is recorded. The management of machinery cannot safely be entrusted to a person until he has obtained a degree of familiarity with the office of the different parts, and the nature of the materials of which they are made. The building or management of large or otherwise important machinery should not be undertaken until a fair knowledge of the higher branches of mechanical education is secured. One very important element of mechanical training, too often overlooked, is that of shop practice. How can the superintendent of a machine shop, for example, who cannot perform the work which he criticises, claim the respect of the artisan under him? Many of the schools of mechanical engineering have met with but partial success, because of the neglect of this important instruction.

In this Department, practical instruction will receive its merited attention, without, however, lowering it to teaching mere mechanic art, as ample opportunity is afforded for this by the thousands of machine shops and manufactories throughout the land. The leading object will be to so commingle theoretical culture and practical training, as shall best fit men for mechanical engineers. Drawing, also, will be given its due prominence. The student will be practiced in the use of draughting instruments, and in neatly delineating figures, tinting and shading them in water colors, and in drawing to a scale objects placed before him. He will also learn to design and make correct "working drawings" of well-proportioned machines and models, of which the crude ideas are given him in the class-room. A machine shop has recently been established on the grounds of the University, and the services of a man of culture, skilled in the arts, secured to give instruction in the practical operations, and have the immediate supervision and care of the shop. The shop is equipped with a steam engine, iron and wood turning lathes, and all the necessary facilities for doing the highest grades of mechanical work. Practice in the University machine shop will consist of the construction of illustrative models of machinery and apparatus, to be used in the lecture-room of the University, and also of machinery or models which may be ordered from outside. In this work, each student will be required to design and proportion some certain piece, and make in the class-room, under the immediate direction of the teacher, "working drawings," which are to be followed in the shop in making patterns and finishing the castings. This practice, it is hoped, will accomplish all that can be desired in giving the necessary familiarity with the materials of construction, and that judgment of mechanical proportion and form which enables the designer to so shape all the parts of his work that they shall be most easily molded and finished, and best serve the purposes for which they are intended. The facilities thus offered afford a rare opportunity of obtaining, in connection

with the theoretical training of the class-room, one of the most needed, and yet most neglected, branches of instruction in mechanical engineering.

As the prime object of the machine shop is one of instruction rather than of profit, its practice becomes a study, and is given a place among the studies of the Department. It bears the same relation to mechanical instruction that laboratory work does to instruction in chemistry. It will involve instruction in the finest and most difficult kinds of mechanical work, at which the unpracticed student, at best, can make but slow progress; he cannot reasonably expect to command such pay as has been provided for other labor, where the work is such as to require but little or no preliminary practice. He will be expected, then, to devote to it, as a study, two or three hours per day for at least one or two terms, before being entitled to the compensation provided for other grades of work. He is at liberty, however, to work on the farm, or at such mechanical work as he can perform, as some are now doing, to procure means for his own support. Those who have had, before entering the University, an equivalent for the first two terms of practice, will be able to earn wages in the shop at the outset.

A thorough drill in the mathematical studies which have been applied to the mechanic arts and sciences, will also receive special attention. By this discipline the student is expected to acquire the power of original investigation, and of solving the new problems which may arise in practical lifethus enabling him to deduce new formulas, make calculations, and settle doubts, which would involve the merely practical man in uncertainty and loss. As the classes advance in the studies, pains will be taken to give numerous problems, to show the application of the results of theory, and the true relation of theory and practice. The studies of the Department are the following:

NATURAL PHILOSOPHY.-Properties of matter, gravitation, pendulum, projectiles, liquids, gases, heat, acoustics, optics, electricity.

DRAWING.-Use of drawing instruments, plane and projective drawing, combined with the use of water colors in finishing drawing by tinting and graining.

DESCRIPTIVE GEOMETRY.-Theory of projections, representation of surfaces and solids on two or more planes, graphical solution of problems, construction of tin and sheet iron workers' patterns.

SHADES, SHADOWS AND PERSPECTIVE.-Shades and shading of cylinders, cones, spheres, prisms, pyramids, etc., in water colors; projection of the shadows of chimneys, cornices, columns, etc.; finished perspectives or pic

tures.

PHYSICS.-Motion and force, ballistic pendulum, utility of machines, impact, perpetual motion, molecules; mechanical condition of solids, liquids and gases; results of experiment compared with the laws of Mariatte and Gay Lussac; exact laws, expansion of gases, undulations in solids, liquids and gases; sound; polarization of light, spectroscope, theory of optical instruments, aberration, pyrometers, ventilation, mechanical equivalent of heat,