Associate members shall have the same rights and privileges as members, except that of voting for officers of the board and for members of the executive committee.

Any associate member, upon being absent from three consecutive board meetings, without previous notice of his intention to be absent, shall be considered to have voluntarily terminated his membership in the board.

Er-officio members. Any president or chief official (by whatever title designated) of an affiliated organization who may not have been chosen by his association as a designate to the board, shall be considered as an 'ex-officio member" during the term of his office.

Ex-officio members shall have all rights and privileges of members, except that of voting and holding office.

Officers. The officers of the board shall be a chairman, one or more vice chairmen, a treasurer and a managing director, any of whom may be selected from within or without the membership of the board; but during their term of office they shall be members of the board, with all rights and privileges pertaining thereto, except that the managing director shall not be entitled to vote at board meetings.

The chairman, vice chairman, and treasurer shall be elected at the annual meeting of the board or any adjournment thereof, for terms of one year, or until their successors have been chosen and have qualified.

The affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the members present and voting shall be required for the election of officers.

Executive committee.-Subject to the control of the board, the management of the administrative and financial affairs of the board shall be vested in an executive committee which shall consist of the officers ex officio, and four members of the board who shall be elected at the annual meeting or any adjournment thereof for terms of two years. Two members shall be elected

at the next annual meeting, and two at each annual meeting thereafter. The affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the members present and voting shall be required for election.

The executive committee shall elect its own chairman from among its membership.

One or more members or associate members of the board, who are not members of the executive committee, shall be selected each month by the chairman of the board to attend the next meeting of the executive committee, but without vote.

Any board member or associate member may request a conference with the executive committee for the discussion of a specific subject and shall thereupon be invited to the executive committee meeting at which such subject is to be discussed.

Method of electing officers of the board and executive committee members.Election of officers and executive committee members shall be by ballot at the annual meeting of the board or any adjournment thereof. At the board meeting next preceding the annual meeting, a nominating committee shall be chosen in the manner determined by the board, the members of which shall not be officers of the board or members of the executive committee. The nominating committee shall, at the annual meeting or any adjournment thereof, present names for officers and two members of the executive committee whom they recommend for election, but nomination may also be made from the floor by members.

Committees. All standing and special committees of the board. except the executive committee, shall, unless otherwise ordered by the board, be appointed by the chairman of the board.

Unless otherwise determined by the board in any special case, all committees, except the executive committee, shall be advisory committees to the board, and shall be appointed for a term not to exceed one year from date of appointment unless sooner discharged, but committee members shall be eligible for reappointment.

Nonmembers as well as members of the board are eligible for appointment on all standing and special committees, except the executive committe.

Reports to the board of all officers and committees and of the board's staff shall be submitted to and shall not be published except upon the order of the board.

Meetings. Regular meeting of the board shall be held each month except July and August, but special meetings may be called at any time by order of the board or its executive committee.

Unless otherwise determined in each case, a regular board meeting shall be held on the third Thursday of the month, except July and August, in the city of New York, at such place as may be determined by the executive committee.

The regular board meeting in the month of May shall be the annual meeting of the board for the election of officers and members of the executive committee, for the submission of annual reports, and for the transaction of such other business as may properly come before the meeting.

One-third of all members shall constitute a quorum at any board meeting for the transaction of business.

A vote of at least two-thirds of all members and associate members present and voting shall be necessary for any action by the board on which their vote is required.

The executive committee of the board shall hold meetings at least once a month at such time and place as the committee may determine.

Amendments.-These rules may be amended at any board meeting provided notice of the proposed "amendment" shall have been given at a previous meeting of the board. Notice of such proposed amendment shall be sent to all members and associate members at least one week before the board meeting at which the same may be acted upon.

Mr. FRIEDEL. As I said, about two months ago the National Industrial Conference Board called what is known as the National Immigration Conference. That conference was held on December 13 and 14 at the Hotel Astor in New York City, and the conference was planned for this purpose: The board had been making certain studies on immigration and it had been discussing immigration at its meetings for about two years. It felt that there was a great lack of information on many points. It thought that by getting together the representatives of every important group of society in the United States that possibly new information might be brought together, and also that by getting everybody together in a discussion of that kind it would help not only in the formulation of its own opinion but perhaps bring about a better understanding by all the various people working on immigration.

As I say, invitations were sent out without restriction; there were some 25,000 invitations sent throughout the country to church organizations, social organizations, immigration societies, manufacturers' organizations and individuals who were known to have spent considerable time in studying the problem. They were all invited. There were about 500 present and we had five sessions on those two days, three sessions on the first day and two sessions on the second day.

I have a copy of the stenographic transcript of the record of the conference here. It is now being prepared for printing and will be available as a printed publication of the board at some time during the month. I hope it will be ready by the 15th of this month and, of course, copies of it will be sent to the committee.

The conference itself was arranged with the understanding that no resolutions of any kind would be permitted. There were just two introductory statements, one by Mr. Alexander himself, presenting the economic facts underlying the immigration problem without any statement of opinion. He was followed by Prof. Henry Fairfield Osborne, who spoke on "The Approach to the Immigration Problem through Science"-that is, along the fundamentals of the problem from its scientific approaches.

Then discussion followed under a 10-minute rule. There were about 500 persons attending the different sessions and 81 altogether were heard and, as I say, no resolutions of any kind were presented. If there were, they were ruled out of order.

Mr. RAKER. How did those who were permitted to be heard obtain the floor?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Speaker's cards were used. These cards were given to each person attending. They were easily obtainable, and any individual could ask to be heard on any one of the four questions. In order that the discussion might not scatter, the questions were framed to be taken up at each session. I will not read the subheads, but if you will allow me I would like to read the four main questions [reading]: Question 1. "Shall the per centum limit act be retained without change by extending the period of its operation beyond June 30, 1924, or shall it be amended in respect to its administrative features?"

Then there were certain questions tending to stimulate discussion and bring out the various aspects of the administrative features.

Question 2. "Shall the per centum limit act be retained with amendments in respect to its percentage restriction features?"

Again certain questions were raised in connection with the percentage.

Question 3. Shall special legislation be enacted to secure better selection, distribution, and assimilation of alien immigrants?"

And then certain suggestions in question form.

Question 4. "Shall a competent commission, with broad powers of investigation, be appointed by the President under congressional resolution to inquire into the major factors in the immigration problem and report thereon?"

And there were certain questions again raised as tending to lead to discussion.

Mr. RAKER. Now out of the 500 that attended some eighty odd spoke?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Yes, sir.

Mr. RAKER. Did any one of the 500 who desired to be heard on any one of those subjects have an opportunity of being heard?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Absolutely every one was heard, except that there were two people held out. They had been heard on two or three questions before and at 5 o'clock on the second day they were not heard again, but beyond that every one was given ample opportunity to be heard on every question. Every person had 10 minutes on each question, allowing him, if he wanted to speak on all four questions, 40 minutes in all.

Mr. Box. Was there more than one program published?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Yes, sir. I would like to present the program that was used at the conference.

Mr. Box. That was the final one?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Yes, sir.

Mr. Box. But that was not the only one published?

Mr. FRIEDEL. No, sir.

Mr. Box. And it was not the first one?

Mr. FRIEDEL. No, sir. I will present that if the chairman will permit with the letter that was sent out to the different organizations. The CHAIRMAN. Yes; we would like that.

Mr. FRIEDEL. Following that conference the board itself had a meeting last month at which it discussed the immigration problem again with a view to focusing the whole thing in some position for the guidance of its organizations. As I said to you, the board dif

fers from other organizations in that it does not try to pass resolutions that limit either its own conduct or the conduct of others, and the resolution that was passed was simply a resolution of recommendation. That resolution was passed at the meeting on December 20, 1923, and if the committee would like I will read the resolution or else place it in the record.

The CHAIRMAN. I think you might read it.
Mr. FRIEDEL (reading):

RESOLUTION ON IMMIGRATION,

At the regular board meeting on Thursday, December 20, 1923, upon motion duly made and seconded, the following resolution was adopted:

PREAMBLE.

Investigations into the inmigration problem conducted by the National Industrial Conference Board, and the discussions at the National Immigration Conference in New York on December 13 and 14, 1923, have clearly shown that there is a great divergence of opinion and lack of information on some of the most fundamental questions vital to the formulation of an adequate national policy of immigration control. Even on so important a subject as the needs of normally functioning industry, commerce, and transportation. and the extent to which immigrant labor is necessary to supplement the native supply, no data adequate for broad judgment are available.

Moreover, while the immigration question has been debated officially and privately for more than a century, major attention has of late tended to focus on certain aspects of the immigration problem which are new in the field of scientific inquiry, such as questions in respect to the measurement of intelllgence, the effects of intermarriage of different races, economic and social assimilability of foreign racial groups, and similar matters. These are now being urged as basis for action; yet such approach to the immigration problem through science is still in its early stage. While considerable investigational work along such lines has already been carried on, no basis has yet been established for evaluating the significance of these studies to the solution of the immigration problem.

The board's investigations have demonstrated that immigration is a many· sided problem and that to decide it on any one set of factors, whether economic, social, political, or racial is not likely to provide the permanent policy which is needed. Due regard should be had for the needs of normally functioning industry, commerce, and transportation; yet a broad conception of public policy must recognize also that the kind of immigrants admitted into the United States is of even greater importance than the number, and that what happens to immigrants after they are admitted into the country is of no less significance than the conditions fixed as essential for their admission. It is generally conceded that selection based on quality should be the basic consideration in any permanent policy of immigration control; no generally accepted method of such selection, however, nor a satisfactory program of adequately caring for immigrants after their arrival has so far been suggested. It is therefore

Resolved. That because of lack of fundamental information on many crucial points, the need of examining, evaluating and supplementing the recent scientific investigations, and the need of formulating practical methods of selection and assimilation, in respect to an adequate policy of national immigration control, the National Industrial Conference Board recommends to its affiliated organizations

1. That they urge the appointment of a competent commission to he appointed by the President of the United States, to inquire into and to report within a definite period on the major factors of the immigration problem, some of which are:

(a) Immigration and emigration in the light of present domestic and world conditions.

(b) Needs of normally functioning industry, commerce and transportation for an adequate labor supply and, in so far as the native supply is insufficient, for immigrants generally and for special groups of immigrants.

doing and give more service for the length of time they are working instead of trying to get somebody from somewhere else to do the work? Do you know of any organization of that kind?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Of course, broadly, that is the object of most organizations, but specifically I think it is generally admitted that that problem is the problem of each particular establishment, and that any organization can merely present the experience of various establishments with certain methods and leave it to each individual to adopt those methods or not.

Mr. RAKER. In other words, what I am trying to get at is this, and I will put it in this way: Do you know of any of these organizations that are of wide scope that are working with the American boys and girls to secure better conditions for them?

Mr. FRIEDEL.. Well, some organizations run schools. For example, there are night schools and training schools for the young men and women and, of course, a good many plants themselves have such apprentice schools or night schools aiming to supplement the lack of the elementary schools and the possibilities of persons to secure a good education.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Friedel, we are diverting you a little. Have you furnished the information that you want to present?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Mr. Chairman, that in the main covers my general statement, except a comment in this regard: The board itself feels there is a lack of information on many vital points, and it is for that reason that it urges the appointment of a commission that will summarize and prepare the data that have been produced since the Immigration Commission of 1907 and also such new data on certain scientific aspects that are now being urged. It feels that certain studies have been made which are not based either on full information or are not fully scientific, and among those studies is the one on "America's Modern Melting Pot" made for this committee, and I would like if Mr. Lutz would be heard in respect to that particular

matter.

The CHAIRMAN. Did any member of the Industrial Conference Board go to the State Department and ask to see the consular reports relative to the number of people of various nations trying to find ways to get to the United States?

Mr. FRIEDEL. I do not know.

The CHAIRMAN. It is doubtful if they did?

Mr. FRIEDEL. I imagine some of them used various sources of information, but I could not answer that particular question.

The CHAIRMAN. Does the National Industrial Conference Board have on its staff some immigration experts and students?

Mr. FRIEDEL. It has experts in investigation, and in our studies we have consulted with other experts and officers in charge of the administration of the immigration laws as well as with employers and social workers and various persons interested in the problem, all of whom have some right to speak on it.

The CHAIRMAN. Are you in the office of Mr. Alexander?

Mr. FRIEDEL. Yes, sir.

Mr. HOLIDAY. Mr. Chairman, there are two things that I would like to have furnished to the committee: The first is the business connections of the board members who passed the resolution that we had under discussion a few minutes ago, and the second is who the