ciple, without which they consider an efficient agricultural school impossible. So far as I know, no other State has adopted any similar plan, and even we feared that it would appear too new and original to meet the views of our people; but it seems that our German friends take the feathers all out of our caps, by declaring it not new and original with us, but old and indispensable to all alike, and indeed so it seems to me, and as I could see no way to get along without it, I ventured to propose it, novel as it is to Americans, and as we then supposed to the world. When I see how liable we are to blunder and totally fail in the adequacy of our organization, I do not regret that we still have time to carefully review our present plan for a charter, and to add to it whatever else, (if any thing.) may yet be needed to give it the utmost efficiency and success.

It is extremely fortunate, however, for us, that all parties among our people are substantially agreed upon the needful principles of our charter, and that at the last session we only differed upon the principle of location, whether it should be by direct action of the legislature, or according to our more usual mode of fair competition between all the counties in the State.

Supposing that it might be well to preserve the records of these conventions in the archives of our society, or in your published reports, I have inclosed them to you in their regular order. As matters of history and for future reference, they may become of far more value than they seem to be now. You are at liberty to make whatever use of them, and this letter also, you may think most proper. All the other records are in your possession. Yours, truly,

J. B. TURNER.

INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION AT HAMBURG, GERMANY.

It having come to the knowledge of the Board that the resident U. S. Consul at Altona, Denmark, is a citizen of this State, and that he would consent to represent the State Agricultural Society at the International Exhibition of Industry, to be held at Hamburg, Germany, during the summer of 1863, it was determined to appoint him to that position. He discharged the duties of commissioner for the State and représentative of this Society very acceptably, and in due time forwarded the following Report, accompanied by prints of machines, &c., which we are compelled to omit:

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE OF THE HAMBURG INTERNATIONAL EXHIBITION.

President-AUGUST JOS. SCHOEN, Consul of Nassau.

Vice President J. F. W. REIMER, Vice Consul of Hayti.

Committee-Theodore Schmidt, Consul-General Oldenburg; Gustave Mutzenbecker, Esq.; H. Bieber, Esq.; Claus Olde, Esq,; Emiele Nolting, Esq.; James R. M. McDonald, Esq.; G. F. Schwabe, Esq.; P. A. Ross, Esq.

Secretary-Dr. GERHARD HACHMANN, Hamburg.

Representatives of the United States accredited to the Hamburg International Mechanical and Agricultural Exhibition-Hon. Joseph A. Wright, Indiana; Colonel Needham, Vermont; William Marsh, Illinois; Hon. Austin Baldwin, New York; Ex-Governor Dyer, Rhode Island; General Halstead, New Jersey; Hon. C. L. Flint, Massachusetts.

To compile a report of a great agricultural exhibition like this, is an undertaking of no ordinary character. And to make such a report interesting and valuable, it is necessary not only to give a detailed account, but as full an explanation as possible, of the most important articles of machinery and stock on

exhibition. It is true, I have devoted a great deal of time and attention to this exhibition-have watched with the deepest interest its progress from the commencement to the close, and yet with all my scrutiny, I am satisfied my report will fall very far short of doing adequate justice to such an immense undertaking. I will endeavor, however, to confine myself as much as possible to those subjects in which we in the United States are most interested, and so make my report as concise and simple as I possibly can.

The following is a list of the Countries represented at this International Agricultural Exhibition:

United States of America, Baden, Bavaria, Belgium, Brunswick, Canada, Denmark, Frankfort, France, Great Britain, Hanover, Hamburg, Hesse Cassel, Hesse Darmstadt, Lubeck, Mecklenburg Schwerein, Mecklenburg Strelitz, Nassau, Netherlands, Oldenburg, Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Austria, Sweden, Norway, Switzerland, Spain, Uruguay, Venezula, Wurtemberg; States of America: Illinois, Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont.

The anticipations of all connected with this Exhibition have been fully realized, and its superiority over anything of its character ever held in Europe is generally conceded. Gentlemen from England, France and Germany, who have attended such shows in every part of the world for the past twenty years concur in the statement, that there has never been in Europe a more numerous nor a finer collection of animals brought together than at this Great International Exhibition of Hamburg. A list of entries, however, will give the best idea of its magnitude. These embrace over thirty different nationalities, extending from Russia on the north and east, to the States of North America in the west; the total number of which were as follows: Horses, 524; Cattle, 965; Sheep, 1,960; Swine, 293; Poultry, 328; Machinery and Implements of Husbandry, 2,941; Miscellaneous Products connected with Agriculture, 786. Of these, Great Britain contributed-stallions, 33; mares, 29; young colts, 5; bulls, 63; cows, 25; heifers, 44; rams, 135; ewes, 265; boars, 25; sows, 34; young pigs, 30; and Implements of Agriculture 740; other productions, 4. The judges of horses comprised Mr. N. G. Barthropp, of Suffolk, England, and Counts Waldstein, Schimmelmann, Plattenwedel and Prof. Dr. Rueff, of Germany. Among the judges for cattle and sheep, were Robt. Smith, Esq., of Devon, England, Messrs. Needham and Baldwin, of the United States; and Count Gustorw, of Holstein; Baron Maltzhan, of Mecklenburg, and Zimmermann, of Freidburg, Saxony. And for Agricultural Implements and Machinery, the following very talented jury: Prof. Ruehlmann, of Hanover; Prof. Arenstein, of Vienna; Hon. A. Baldwin, of New York; Prof. Wilson, of Edinborough; Count Reventlow, of Holstein; Prof. Hartstein, of Boem, Prussia, and O. Hedengren, of Stockholm, Sweden. The show of Horses was excellent; and in cart horses, the counties of Suffolk and Yorkshire made themselves conspicuous. The prizes for mares were equally divided between T. Crisp, Esq., of Butley Abbey; W. Wilson, Esq., of Baytham, Suffolk; J. Groves, of Kirkhammerton Lodge, and Mr. Holmes, of Beverly, Yorkshire. In riding, hunting and military horses, bred on the continent, Prince Lippesches Sennergestut took the first 400 thaler prize, with a stallion of Hanoverian breed, with English names in its pedigree. The Brewer, shown by Mr. Groves, of Wetherby, Yorkshire, and three Clydesdale mares, entered by Sir C. B. Phipps, from Prince Albert's stables at Windsor, also took prizes. In Shorthorn Bulls, Lord Walsingham's Lord Lovell, and two fine white bulls, owned by Mr. Crisp, occupied first positions; as did bulls shown by Mr. Groves, of Park House; Lord Kinnaird of Rosse Priory; C. Olde, of Hamburg; Mr. James, of Northumberland, and Saddler, of Edinburgh. In Short-horn Bulls under two years old, Mr. Merten, of London, took the first prize with his white bull ramed First Fruits. In Sheep, classed as Merinos, we took the two highest prizes for quality and quantity of wool. There were 92 entries of this class, among whom were some of the first breeders of England, France, Saxony, Hanover and Holstein, but the awarding committee were unanimous in favor of the American sheep, and the honors were given to George Campbell, Esq., of Westminster, Vermont, the owner and breeder. A second prize was also awarded to him for Ewes. In South-downs, the honors were equally divided between Lord Walsingham, of Marlin Hall, Norfolk, and W. Taylor, Esq., of Harptree Court, Summer

setshire; except in one instance, where G. Loeppritz, of Gauterhof, Wurtemberg, carried away a prize of fifty thalers. Of Shropshire Sheep, there were 23 entries, and the prizes were equally divided between Guerrier, of London, and W. Humphrey, Esq., Oak Ash Farm, Berkshire. In Leicestershire, however, there was a much larger show, there being 92 entries. Some extraordinary fine animals were exhibited in this class, and the honors divided between England Schleswig, Holstein. The entries for Lincolnshire and Cotswolds were very numerous, embracing some 300 from England; the two highest prizes of which were awarded to T. B. Marshall, Esq., of Branston, Lincolnshire. In Longwooled Sheep, bred on the continent, the Duchies of Holstein and Schleswig carried off the principal honors. Swine-Some of the animals in this class were of enormous size. One of them, a boar, weighing 1500 lbs. In fact, the large Yorkshire and Suffolk breeds attracted most attention, and the prizes were mostly awarded to these counties. John Hickman, of Hull, Yorkshire, took the first prize, with his boar Garibaldi, age 4 years and 2 months. The skin of this animal was more like that of a human being than a quadruped. I heard a gentleman remark that he was as fair as a woman. Hickman also carried off the two highest honors for Sows, with his Alice Maud, aged 4 years and 2 months, and a twoyear old sow, named Duchess of Deningham. R. Smith, of Hull, had a very fine sow in this lot, of the same age, which took a second prize. If any of our people wish to improve their breeds, I can safely recommend them to these gentlemen. They are all old breeders, and men of high reputation. In Suffolk breeds, the honors were divided between W. B. Wainham, Esq., of Casehead, Yorkshire, and T. Crisp, Esq., of Butley Abbey, Suffolk. Berkshire.—In this class, the entries were rather few of mature animals, and most numerous in young pigs. The first prize for boars 2 years old, was awarded to Her Von Spoerken, of Horndorf, Hanover; and for sows of the same age, to T. Crisp, of Butley Abbey, Suffolk, England. In young pigs, ranging from 6 to 14 months old, the prizes were chiefly awarded to Crisp, Wainham, Hickman, and G. M. Sexten, Esq., of Wheistead Hall, Suffolk. I have taken cousiderable pains to inform myself of these men, and from the best authority, I can recommend them as old and celebrated breeders of swine. And from personal observation, I am satisfied of the general excellence of their stock, as superior to anything of the kind shown at this exhibition. I have therefore, where I had occasion to mention their names, given their address also. Fowls.-The judges awarding prizes for fowls were Arthur Donner, Esq., of Altona, and Dr. Brehm, of Hamburg; and I imagine they had a very difficult task to perform. For the entries were not only numerous, (there being 340) but the collections were very fine and rich, in every variety of color and kind. In Cochin-Chinas and Bantams with legs clear of feathers, Rector Bockleman, of Osnabruck, Hanover, carried off the first prizes. He also got a medal for a coop of Black Malay hens, remarkable for their roundness of breast, and weight in proportion to size. A 10 thaler prize was awarded him for a new breed, called Elephants. This gentleman made over a hundred entries, embracing every variety of barn-door fowl, and carried of 35 thalers in prizes, and three medals, C. A. Wolff, Esq., of Barmen-on-the-Rhine, took the first honors for Black Spanish hens and Silver-haired Japanese fowls. C. Olde, Esq., of Hamburg, first prize for Black Dorkings, and Miss Nathusius, of Hundisburg, Saxony, first prize for English Game breed. F. L. Minton, Esq., of Bergadorf, near Hamburg, first prize for a coop of Polish hens, and a medal to E. Freiherr Von Merck, for a very singular French breed. This gentleman exhibited some very fine breeds of house doves: such as Carriers, Tumblers, Ruffs, Black Friars, Romish, and others, for which which he received a small silver medal. A medal was also given to F. Busch, of Mecklenburg, Schwerein, for a pair of white geese, of beautiful shape and immense size. This closed the principal awards for fowls. Miscellaneous entries, from the Farm, the Orchard, Garden, Vinery, Cellar and

Dairy.

Several Countries were represented in miscellaneous articles, as follows: Austria sent Wheat, Cheese, Wine, Flax, Hops, Honey, Wool and Fruit. Baden contributed numerous samples of Rhine Wines, Cherry Cordial, Tobacco, Maize, Cigars, Hops, Buckwheat and Hemp. Canada.-Mr. May, of Montreal, showed samples of Corn and Grain. Denmark.-From the fat old Duchies of

Holstein and Schleswig, there were large contributions of Butter, Flour, Grits, Beef, Hams, Pork, Rape seed, Rape seed cake, Linseed cake, Wool, Potatoes, Wheat, Rye, Flax, Cheese, Fodder and Lager Beer.

England had a few samples of Linconshire Wool, Kent Hops and Wheat. Erance showed a number of cases of Bordeaux-Cognac Pickles, Chocolate, Conserves and Eau de Cologne. Hamburg, of course, had an extensive miscellaneous show of Cheese, Wine, Smoked Beef, Fish, Sauces, Conserves, Sausages, Tobacco, Hops, Beeswax, Guano, Super Phosphate, Hams, Bacon, Pork, Mess Beef, Biscuits, Apples, and the largest variety of grass seeds (with living samples of grass) ever witnessed on exhibition. These were contributed by Ernst & Sprechleson, of Hamburg, the great German seedsmen. Hanover sent samples of Flax, Oakum, Tar, Gin, Graupin or Pearl Barley, Hops, Cheese, Butter, Peas, Fruit, and Wheat. Hesse Darmstadt furnished over fifty samples of Wine-fine Rhine Wine. The best houses in Bingen, Worms, Mainz, Weltenheim and Alsheim were represented. Holland was well represented in products of the dairy: such as butter and Cheese. Lubeck sent samples of Vinegar, Preserved Vegetables in cakes, and Medicines for cattle. Mecklenburg Schwerein produced samples of Rye, Peas, Flour, Bran, Rape cake, Linseed cake, Turnips, Silk, Cheese and Wool. From Nassau very fine samples of Wine were sent by Prince Metternich and Barou Zwierleind-Old Johannisburg. Prussia was also well represented in Seeds, Flax, Hops, Wheat flour, Tallow, Wool, Potatoes, Rape seed Oil, Oakum, Peas, Butter, Cheese, Sugar, Rhubarb Wine, &c. Russia brought samples of Wheat, Oats, Tares, Linseed and Linseed cake, Wool, Leather, Tallow, Butter, Schweizer Cheese, Rye, Turpentine, Sugared Fruit and Oil. Saxony exhibited samples of Honey, Wine, Fish, (cured,) Spirits, Fine Wools, Essential Oils and Spirits of Balsam. From Sweden, Cheese, Butter, Potatoes, Onions, Carrots, Wheat, Hay and Turpentine. From Switzerland, Cheese, Crystallized Milk and Cherry Cordial. United States of America.-Amongst the multitudinous preparations of cereal products submitted to public inspection at this Exhibition, the most novel, as well as the most useful, was "Duryea's Maizina," or Corn Flour, manufactured by the Glen Cove Company, Long Island, N. Y., from the purest pearl white American Corn. This article of food is so well known in the United States, it is unnecessary for me to animadvert upon its many good qualities as a cheap and highly nourishing food. I was delighted to see how rapidly it sold here. Its reputation is as great in England as at home. It was awarded a medal. James R. McDonald, Esq., late Vice Consul of the United States at Hamburg, had a medal presented to him for Bottled Fruit and Hops, from America. The same gentleman also took a medal for an American Cheese, weighing 950 lbs, and another medal for Baker's Super Phosphate. Hale and Parshall, of Lyons, New York, had a large bronze medal given for Peppermint Oil; and A. T. Stout & Co., of Pennsylvania, received a medal for Coal. B. H. Allen & Co., New York, a medal for Turkish Wheat; H. G. Hotchkiss, of Lyons, N. Y., a medal for Fancy Oils. We had also on exhibition, a large assortment of Petroleum Oil Lamps, with patent burners, ornamented with cutglass globes, &c. These also carried a medal. Heavy and light Machinery for Agricultural purposes. In this class the entries were very large-being near 3,000, and to give a description of the various articles, even of merit, would furnish material for a large volume. I shall therefore confine myself to that class of machinery of a useful and leading character. And let me state here that we were very indifferently represented in Agricultural Implements; and in Steam Machinery we had nothing. Those who wanted power had to rent it on the ground to show their machines in motion. The result was, our machinery was spread all over the inclosure. In Portable Steam Engines, there does not appear to be anything particularly new introduced, but it seems as though the attention of inventors had rather been directed to the more practical task of consolidating and improving their former inventions, rather than to produce novelties. The English mechanic deserves great credit in this respect, because, by this system of reproduction, he continually keeps before him the importance of economy, simplicity of construction, workmanship, and general excellence of material. The result of their efforts in this direction was abundantly evident in the machinery on exhibition at this show. Marshall's Improved Portable Steam

Engines I have seen at work, and I assure you they work admirably. The prices are as follows, and I believe they could be, and are manufactured in the United States for less money:

This firm had several other articles of Agricultural Machines on the ground, but nothing of especial worth to Americans, except this engine. Barrett, Exall & Andrews' Machinery, Agricultural Implements, Steam Engines, &c., attracted considerable attention. They had a large assortment, and received a gold medal on the whole. Their works are at Reading, in Berkshire, England. We next come to Clayton & Co.'s fine collection of Brick, Pipe and Tile Machines, Pugging, Crushing and Mortar Mills, Steam Engines &c. A most interesting, venerable and universal craft is that of brick-making; and various and romantic are the associations connected with it. The old manual process-slow, costly, and ineffective in its results, has long stood its ground amongst the contrivances connected with the building arts and the works of the architectural engineer, as an example of neglect in the midst of the great improvements which have signalized our times. But like many other fruits of intolerable prejudice, this rude system has now nearly gone out. Wherever the despotic monarch Steam succeeds in establishing his rule, there do we find that all crude, manual routine gradually disappears, or, at least, shrinks within the narrowest bounds. Steam has not yet mastered the work of the Farmer, but it has effected wonders, even in that comparatively unpromising sphere of action. In the operations of the builder, its effects are more directly palpable; particularly in the class of machinery it has been my privilege to witness at this Exhibition. Clayton's Combined Mechanical Temperer and Brick-Moulder, when worked by a 7-horse engine will produce 25,000 brick per day. In it, the pugging and moulding (and if necessary, the crushing, also,) are simultaneonsly carried out, and the moulded bricks are delivered in a continuously alternate stream from the two ends of the machine. The moulding and compressing orifices (formed with rollers,) through which the stream of clay is passed for shaping into the required brick-section, are of novel construction, or design-being contrived for turning out the clay with smooth faces on every side, and with clean, sharp edges. It is not an easy matter to express a mass of clay of fifty inches sectional area through a moulding orifice, so as to give sharp and fine edges, as the increased frictional action in the angles causes the edges to be roughened and torn. Clayton, however, has ingeniously removed this difficulty, by giving revolving sides to his die orifices, and therefore does not rely upon mere expression for giving form to the plastic mass. And above these die rollers is a water reservoir, from which branch supply pipes pass down to the working surface of the die, for lubrication. The bricks are turned out in such a state of stiffness as to bear walling up several bricks high, on leaving the moulding orifice. In this an enormous saving in drying space is obviously effected, as the necessity of flooring the bricks is entirely done away with. In a country like the United States, where labor is always expensive, machinery of this character is needed, and particularly in the immense prairie State of Illinois, whose building material must of necessity be principally brick, and the prospect of remuneration is the greater on this account, that I need hardly urge upon our mechanics the advantages offered in the construction of this class of machinery. The next thing of importance which took my attention was Clayton's Drain-Tile and Pipe Machines. It is unnecessary for me to add a single line in behalf of the advantages of drainage. The experience of the last half century has rapidly developed not only an improved system of drainage, but also improved means of agriculture, and taught the land-owner and farmer the invaluable lesson that wet land (whatever its component qualities,) must be effectually drained before its natural fertility can be developed, or before natural or artificial manures can be advantageously applied. By the instru