among the farmers for help, but this will not last over a month. Many members have left for other places and many went to the farms last spring. Marshalltown: No shortage of labor.

Ottumwa: Three hundred unemployed.

Council Bluffs: About 1,000 unemployed. Only shortage troubling common labor is to get anything like a decent wage for their labor. As Omaha takes all our surplus labor we are interested in the wages over there, and the packing houses pay 25 to 27 cents per hour and the smelter pays 31 cents.

Sioux City: No such condition exists here; there may be a shortage of corn pickers, but otherwise even at the low rate of 30 cents per hour men will and are working. As the weather gets cold, and building ceases there will be plenty of men out of work.

KANSAS.

Pittsburg: One thousand men out of employment and many only working part time. The general report runs from 25 to 30 per cent unemployed.

Leavenworth: Three hundred idle men here. The mines are only working half

time.

Wichita Building trades about 78 per cent idle mechanics.

Laborers a

surplus of 88 per cent. Packing house employees-about 25 men apply for every opening of one man wanted, and still they keep coming here. Eighty-seven per cent of the painters are idle.

Arkansas City: Approximately 800 unemployed.

Coffeyville: Probably 150 unemployed; common-labor men seeking work.

KENTUCKY.

Bellevue: No shortage of labor.

Number of workmen out of employment. Lexington: Between three and four hundred unemployed, of which practically all are unskilled workers. Very few good mechanics idle; however, there seems to be a little or no demand for men out of city to come here.

LOUISIANA.

Lake Charles: About 125 unskilled, 75 skilled labor unemployed; in about 30 days rice crop will be over and there will be about 75 more unemployed. Alexandria: An abundance of labor; two men for every job. Work scarce. Colored men by the hundred not doing anything.

Shreveport: Average rate of employment among union men is about 80 per cent. Among common labor and negro labor there is much unemployment.

MASSACHUSETTS.

Boston: Thousands out of work.

Cambridge: No labor shortage.

Framingham: Busy town at present, but we who know can most positively state that in 30 days 30 per cent of our labor will be idle.

Holyoke: No threatened labor shortage. Paper industry work only 75 per cent of time. Textile industry working only four days a week.

MICHIGAN.

Ann Arbor: No shortage of labor except in factories that pay small wages. Escanaba No labor shortage.

Sault Ste. Marie: Plenty of all labor and to spare; hundreds are unemployed. Marquette No labor shortage around here; in fact, if anything, there is a surplus of labor right now; the lake ore-shipping_season is on the wane, and they are laying off dockmen and longshoremen. Likewise there is a slacking up of work in the building trades.

Port Huron Our population, 25,000; total out, 1,230.

Detroit: A big oversupply of common labor and considerable of a surplus of skilled workers in Detroit.

Battle Creek: No shortage of labor. A surplus of skilled labor; the only shortage there seems to be is common labor, where they are paying 25 and 30 cents per hour.

Ludington: There are about 150 men who do not have steady employment; that is, they pick up now and then a day's work, but do not have everyday work.

MINNESOTA.

Minneapolis: Twelve hundred unemployed workers; 80 per cent of these are unskilled workers.

Rochester: Fifty-five per cent unemployed, many of whom have left the city to seek work elsewhere.

St. Cloud: Can't buy a job here. There is no building under construction here to speak of.

St. Paul: About normal at this time and fluctuates from now on. At the present time there is no calling from any of the trades for men from outside points.

Winona Plenty of idle men here at present.

Austin: Packing company advertising in out-of-town papers for workers while the town is flooded with unemployed. Outlook not promising. Some of the idle men have not worked two months altogether this year.

MISSISSIPPI.

Gulfport: No labor shortage here, and if any place can use, say, 500 men, I could get them along this coast. There is no scarcity of labor in any craft along this coast.

Laurel Skilled labor, 100; unskilled labor, 400. This estimate does not cover the farming industry. If we include the idle farm people, we can safely double that amount.

MISSOURI.

Moberly Since the 1st of January, 1920, we have an average of from 300 to 500 common laborers out of employment. At present we have 900 shop men out on strike and 200 coal miners who are working on an average of not more than three days per week. There is no craft or calling where there is a scarcity of labor in this city.

Sedalia Common laborers in the building and other industries are only working part time. About 250 common laborers outside of the railroad industry are loafing on account of nonemployment.

St. Louis Quite a number of skilled, as well as unskilled, labor is looking for jobs, and there is no sign of shortage of labor in this locality. To the contrary, we are looking for the number of idle workers to increase as the winter months roll around.

Kirksville: Four hundred and fifty miners idle and 150 idle men of common labor and other trades.

Macon: The central labor union appointed a committee to investigate as to the number of unemployed in this locality. As near as we could determine, we would place the number of unemployed in Macon County at about 700, with a probable 500 more employed about one-half time. We consider this a conservative estimate. As near as we can ascertain, there is no craft or trade in which there is a shortage of labor.

MONTANA.

Bozeman : Plenty of men here of all kinds. Farmers are all through threshing and all other farm work, so from now on there will be no men needed here and little to do for those here.

:

Helena Fifty per cent of the hod carriers, building, and common laborers are idle, 10 per cent of the carpenters, 25 per cent of the bricklayers, 25 per cent of the plumbers and steamfitters; plasterers have been the only lucky ones.

Butte: No shortage of skilled workers here, or of workers who will do anything except work in the mines. Mine workers are in demand, especially skilled quartz miners. Only job in sight at present time is a small paving job.

NEBRASKA.

Lincoln: No shortage of labor in this part of the country at the present time. The Burlington and Rock Island Railroad companies are advertising for men in one newspaper and in another they state they have more men than they need.

NEVADA.

Ely No labor shortage. As further evidence that there is none of common labor it is rumored that the Nevada Consolidated Copper Co. here is planning to reduce wages of this class of labor.

Reno: All organizations represented at meeting reported no shortage of labor. Employment is steady and conditions fair.

NEW HAMPSHIRE.

Concord: No shortage of labor here, and there are 10 men clamoring at the factory gates for every job. Building trades are beginning to feel the pinch, as their jobs are gradually being completed, with no new contracts in sight. Dover: Eight hundred persons at present unemployed. There is very little employment for or scarcity of labor with exception of carpenters, who could probably place from 20 to 25 more men.

Franklin City departments will lay off all of the extra hands November 1, and this will mean a number of idle men. There are about 500 people out of employment. Some shops are going on half or part-time schedule. In the woolen mills there are about three men to every job waiting every morning to get work.

Portsmouth No craft short of labor at present time nor is there any great demand. Things quiet in building trades, and a good many skilled mechanics have left the city.

NEW MEXICO.

Las Vegas: Approximately 500 men are idle, mostly unskilled labor.

NEW JERSEY.

Plainfield: Two hundred men of all classes walking the streets, from common laborers to expert mechanics. Same applies to Elizabeth and surrounding towns. Receive letters almost every day from men in other cities asking me to get them jobs; also the men out of work in this city keep coming to this office, finding fault because I can not place them.

NEW YORK.

Amsterdam: Only shortage known is for bricklayers and carpenters.
Corinth Plenty of idle men.

Jamestown: No scarcity of labor of any craft or a shortage of common labor. About 100 unemployed men and women, and there will be considerable more when the building trades slacken up.

Middletown: Between 300 and 350 men idle. Building trades are about 90 per cent employed, with an uncertainty as to the continuous employment of these crafts.

Newburgh: No shortage of unskilled labor. Iron business very dull here, and about 50 Newburghers working out of town. About 50 laborers out of work here most of the time.

New Rochelle: All crafts are busy. Expect a good winter.

Niagara Falls: Fail to find any shortage of labor in this city. There are still men at the factory doors looking for work.

North Tonawanda: At least 500 men idle. In another month the ships will tie up, and that will make another 500 idle sailors and longshoremen.

The

Watertown: Fear a surplus this winter, since hundreds of tenant farmers. are leaving the farms on account of an unprofitable farm season. No prospect in all northern New York for a labor shortage either this year or next. New York Air Brake Co., the biggest employer in this section, is able to get good machine hands (ordinary operators) at 30 to 35 cents per hour, with good machinists at 55 cents.

Utica: Very few out of employment; especially is this so in the building trades. The knitting mills are granting their employees a little increase in wages to keep them from moving from their present places of employment.

NORTH CAROLINA.

Winston-Salem: Most of the skilled workers employed, with the exception of the machinists. Some of this craft out of employment, and have been for months. Large number of unskilled workers out of employment. The

tobacco factories, that employ 15,000 workers, are only working 32 hours per week. From reports from other parts of the State we find employment conditions are about the same as in Winston-Salem. In no instance have we heard of a scarcity of laborers, either skilled or unskilled, in any section of this part of the country.

NORTH DAKOTA.

Bismarck: Just now all skilled trades are working fairly steadily, but there will be a surplus of labor in about 30 days, and it looks now that it will be that way till spring, with no boom in sight then.

OHIO.

Steubenville: There is a decided shortage of common labor, especially in the steel mills, owing to the fact that they pay less than other employers. The La Belle Steel Co. has imported about 500 southern negroes within the last four months, and feeds and houses them in the mill yards.

Dayton: About 400 unemployed. The manager of the State-city free employment office here places it at about 3,000. This is his difference between applicants and placements, according to his report. He finds no labor shortage. Ironton: All crafts report fair. Possibly not over 200 idle men. Niles No shortage of labor. The glass plant employed 350 skilled workmen before the slump; has started to work with 40 men. Building crafts are not any too busy at this time. There is a shortage in the mills in some lines; the puddlers reported that they could use more men, but they also reported the reason of a shortage of men in those lines was that the work was very hard and the pay small for the work that had to be done. Very few young men were taking it up, which is also the case to a certain extent in the sheet mills. Hollister: No shortage of laborers. Three crews of maintenance of way men are full up and men being turned away when applying for work at the small wage of $2.70 per day. Railroad employees are walking the streets about two-thirds of the time. Mines working one-fourth time. Since August 20 up to the present (62 working days) 2,500 coal miners have worked approxi mately 30 days.

Alliance: No more jobs than men to fill them.

Byesville: At least 25 per cent of our men are idle. A number of pottery workers have left for Kokomo, Ind., due to the fact that they could not secure any employment in the potteries here. Work of improving roads has stopped and the men that were employed at that work are now idle.

Mansfield: About 200 unemployed. No labor shortage, except there is a demand for bricklayers. Work in building trades is slackening up and manufacturers can secure all the assistance they desire.

Piqua: Factories running good, but they can get all the help they need. There is a demand for some outside laborers at this time, as the men generally try to get inside work in the winter. There is an abundance of farm labor on the market trying to get work at this season.

Tiffin: About 200 unemployed.

Lima: Two hundred men of all trades not working at the present time, including a few common laborers. Just as soon as State and country road work and street and sewer work is completed 725 men will be laid off. The building trades will be out of work just as soon as the winter weather starts.

Youngstown: There are thousands of men idle in this valley who, according to the classifications of the plants, are semiskilled or skilled workmen. These men will not work in the plants for the base rate of 36 cents per hour. Many men who were formerly employed in the steel industry are working on the highways and other construction work, receiving as high as 55 cents per hour. When the steel mills increase the rate to be paid to labor there will be no shortage of men to man the mills.

OKLAHOMA.

Bristow Five hundred unemployed.

Lawton: An average of 300 idle workers here every week, and that has been the condition for some time.

Shawnee: From 800 to 1,000 idle. A small portion of these men are able to pick up a day or so labor at odd times, but there is nothing steady for them. and we are unable to tell when the situation will be relieved.

Henyretta: Delegates attending the central body meeting reported a total of 57 members unemployed.

Muskogee: There are 400 (about) shopmen and approximately 200 common Laborers unemployed at this time.

OREGON.

La Grande: Four hundred out of jobs and looking for work. Among trades such as barbers, clerks, musicians, painters, culinary workers; there are three men for each job. At the two lumber mills 25 to 50 men at the office door each morning waiting for a call to work. No shortage of labor. What we want is more work.

Portland: Ten to 15 per cent unemployed in the building trades. A small number unemployed in other industries. In no industry is there a scarcity of labor.

PENNSYLVANIA.

Bradford: Only 45 per cent of the metal trades men are employed, and a majority of them only three days a week; other 55 per cent unemployed. Outside of the building trades and oil industry is very poor.

Connelsville: Seventeen thousand men unemployed.

Kittanning: No labor shortage. As far as the coal mines are concerned there is a surplus of labor, as they are carrying from 20 to 30 per cent more men than usual.

Mahanoy City: Scarcity of jobs in this city. At least 300 men idle; 70 mine workers at one mine out of employment; 3 men to every job. There is a demand for carpenters; after about two months this line will be dull.

New Bethlehem: There is at present, and has been for over two years, 3 men for every job. Have miners here that only worked three weeks in over one year and are not working now. Only for some State road work this summer do not know how some would have lived. Two hundred miners get two and three parts of days a week. About 4 miles from here there are over 300 miners and they got only two days work in over a month. Glass plant that employed from 125 to 160 men has not worked for over two years. About 6 miles from here another glass house, employing from 60 to 90 men, has been shut down for over one year. There are 10 men for every job.

Pittsburgh: While most of the organized workers in this district are fully employed, there are still a few out of work. The miners have the majority of their men back on the job, but they are only working about half time on account of car shortage. It is reported that there is a considerable shortage of labor in the steel mills, but do not think this to be the fact. The apparent cause of not being able to get enough labor or, in fact, hold what they have, is that they are not paying money enough. While there are a lot of men being brought in here from time to time from the South, they do not work long in these plants because of the long hours and low wages paid therein,

Punxsutawney: No shortage of labor in this section or any danger of any shortage in the future, either skilled or unskilled.

Reading: Do not believe that there is any unemployment in this city at present. While textile industries are somewhat dull, the employees are all working on shorter time, say about 80 per cent normal.

Ridgway: Ridgway does not lack any men, and surrounding country is the same. There seems to be men for all the work.

Washington: No shortage of labor.

Williamsport: No shortage of labor. The building trades are slowing up because the Pennsylvania Railroad has an embargo on materials, and there are quite a number of these men out of work. No common labor shortage.

Harrisburg: No shortage of labor in this section. In the building trades plenty of men can be secured with the exception of plasterers. Sheet-metal workers report plenty of men for their line. Machinists report many men out of work especially in their trade. Many have taken up other kinds of work. Common labor seems to be plenty. The branch of the Bethlehem Steel Co. at Steelton near here have recently had an article in the Harrisburg papers complaining of a shortage of labor. We account for that for the reason that conditions in the steel works are well known and that the workers will generally try to secure work any other place before entering a steelworks. One

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