Kittiwake:

Black-legged Rissa tridactyla. Red-legged Rissa brevirostris.

Knot:

Great Calidris tenuirostris.

Red Calidris canutus.

Lapwing Vanellus vanellus.

Lark, Horned Eremophila alpestris.
Limpkin Aramus guarauna.
Longspur:

Chestnut-collared Calcarius ornatus.
Lapland Calcarius lapponicus.
McCown's Calcarius mccowni.
Smith's Calcarius pictus.

Loon:

Arctic Gavia arctica.
Common Gavia immer.

Red-throated Gavia stellata.
Yellow-billed Gavia adamsii.

Magpie:

Black-billed Pica pica. Yellow-billed Pica nuttalli. Mallard: see DUCKS.

Mango:

Antillean Anthracothorax dominicus. Puerto Rican Anthracothorax viridis. Martin:

Caribbean Progne dominicensis.
Cuban Progne cryptoleuca.
Gray-breasted progne chalybea.
Purple Progne subis.

Meadowlark:

Eastern Sturnella magna.
Western Sturnella neglecta.
Merganser: see DUCKS.
Merlin Falco columbarius

Millerbird Acrocephalus familiaris.
Mockingbird Mimus polyglottos.
Murre:

Common Uria aalge.
Thick-billed Uria lomvia.
Murrelet:

Ancient Synthliboramphus antiquus. Craveri's Endomychura craveri. Kittlitz's Brachyramphus brevirostris. Marbled Brachyramphus marmoratus. Xantus' Endomychura hypoleuca. Nighthawk:

Common Chordeiles minor.

Lesser Chordeiles acutipennis.

Nightjar: Jungle Caprimulgus indicus.
Noddy: see TERN.

Nutcracker: Clark's Nucifraga columbiana.
Nuthatch:

Brown-headed Sitta pusilla.
Pigmy Sitta pygmaea.

Red-breasted Sitta canadensis.
White-breasted Sitta carolinensis.
Oldsquaw: see DUCKS.

Oriole:

Black-cowled Icterus dominicensis. Black-headed Icterus graduacauda. Black-vented Icterus wagleri.

Hooded Icterus cucullatus.

Lichtenstein's Icterus gularis.

Northern (Baltimore, Bullocks') Icterus galbula.

Orchard Icterus spurius.

Scarlet-headed Icterus pustulatus.

Scott's Icterus parisorum.

Osprey Pandion haliaetus.

Ovenbird Seiurus aurocapillus.
Owl:

Bare-legged Otus nudipes.
Barn Tyto alba.

Barred Strix varia.

Boreal Aegolius funereus.
Burrowing Athene cunicularia.
Elf Micrathene whitneyi.

Ferruginous Glaucidium brasilianum.
Flammulated Otus flammeolus.
Great Gray Strix nebulosa.
Great Horned Bubo virginianus.
Hawk Surnia ulula.
Long-eared Asio orus.

Pygmy Glaucidium gnoma.
Saw-whet Aegolius acadicus.
Screech Otus asio.
Short-eared Asio flammeus.
Snowy Nyctea scandiaca.
Spotted Strix occidentalis.
Whiskered Otus trichopsis.
Oystercatcher:

American Haematopus palliatus.
Black Haematopus bachmani.
Pauraque Nyctidromus albicollis.
Pelican:

Brown Pelecanus occidentalis.
White Pelecanus erythrorhynchos.
Petrel: (also see Storm-Petrel):
Black-bellied Fregetta tropica.
Black-capped Pterodroma hasitata.
Bonin Island Pterodroma hypoleuca.
Bulwer's Bulweria bulwerii.
Cape Daption capense.

Cook's Pterodroma cookii.

Dark-rumped Pterodroma phaeopygia.
Juan Fernandez Pterodroma externa.
Jouanin Bulweria fallax.

Kermadec Pterodroma neglecta.
Murphy's Pterodroma ultima.
Scaled Pterodroma inexpectata.

South Trinidad Pterodroma arminjoniana.

Pewee:

Scaly-naped Columba squamosa.

White-crowned Columba leucocephala.

Pintail: see DUCKS.

Pipit:

Indian Tree Anthus hodgsoni.
Pechora Anthus gustavi.

Red-throated Anthus cervinus.
Sprague's Anthus spragueii.
Water Anthus spinoletta.

Plover:

American Golden Pluvialis dominica.
Black-bellied Pluvialis squatarola.
Greater Sand Charadrius leschenaultii.
Little Ringed Charadrius dubius.
Mongolian Charadrius mongolus.
Mountain Charadrius montanus.
Piping Charadrius melodus.
Ringed Charadrius hiaticula.

Semipalmated Charadrius semipalmatus.

Snowy Charadrius alexandrinus.
Upland Bartramia longicauda.
Wilson's Charadrius wilsonia.
Pochard: see DUCKS.

Poor-will Phalaenoptilus nuttallii.
Puffin:

Common Fratercula arctica.
Horned Fratercula corniculata.
Tufted Lunda cirrhata.
Pyrrhuloxia Cardinalis sinuatus.
Quail-Dove:

Bridled Geotrygon mystacea.
Key West Geotrygon chrysia.
Ruddy Geotrygon montana.
Rail:

Black Laterallus jamaicensis.
Clapper Rallus longirostris.
King Rallus elegans.

Virginia Rallus limicola.

Yellow Coturnicops noveboracensis.
Yellow-billed Porzana flaviventer.

Raven:

Common Corvus corax.

White-necked Corvus cryptoleucus.
Razorbill Alca torda.

Redhead: see DUCKS.

Redpoll:

Common Carduelis flammea.

Hoary Carduelis hornemanni.

Redshank: Spotted Tringa erythropus.
Redstart:

American Setophaga ruticilla.
Painted Myioborus pictus.

Slaty-throated Myioborus miniatus.
Roadrunner Geococcyx californianus.
Robin:

American Turdus migratorius.
Rufous-backed Turdus rufopalliatus.
Rosy Finch: see FINCH.

Rubythroat: Siberian Luscinia calliope.
Ruff Philomachus pugnax.

Sanderling Calidris alba.

Sandpiper: (also see Stint):

Baird's Calidris bairdi.

Broad-billed Limicola falcinellus.

Buff-breasted Tryngites subruficollis.
Common Actitis hypoleucos.

Curlew Calidris ferruginea.
Least Calidris minutilla.
Pectoral Calidris melanotos.
Purple Calidris maritima.
Red-backed Calidris alpina.
Rock Calidris ptilocnemis.
Rufous-necked Calidris ruficollis.
Semipalmated Calidris pusilla.
Sharp-tailed Calidris acuminata.
Solitary Tringa solitaria.

Spoon-billed Eurynorhynchus pygmeus.
Spotted Actitis macularia.

Stilt Micropalama himantopus.
Upland Bartramia longicauda.

Western Calidris mauri.

White-rumped Calidris fuscicollis.
Wood Tringa glareola.
Sapsucker:

Williamson's Sphyrapicus thyroideus.
Yellow-bellied Sphyrapicus varius.
Scaup: see DUCKS.

Scoter: see DUCKS.

Seedeater: White-collared Sporophila tor-
queola.

Shearwater:

Audubon's Puffinus Iherminieri.

Christmas Island Puffinus nativitatus.

Cory's Puffinus diomedea.

Flesh-footed Puffinus carneipes.
Greater Puffinus gravis.
Little Puffinus assimilis.
Manx Puffinus puffinus.
New Zealand Puffinus bulleri.
Pink-footed Puffinus creatopus.

Short-tailed Puffinus tenuirostris.
Sooty Puffinus griseus.

Wedge-tailed Puffinus pacificus.
Shoveler: see DUCKS.
Shrike:

Loggerhead Lanius ludovicianus.

Northern Lanius excubitor.

Siskin, Pine Carduelis pinus.
Skimmer, Black Rynchops nigra.
Skua:

Northern Catharacta skua.

Southern Catharacta maccormicki.

Skylark Alauda arvensis.

Smew: see DUCKS.

Snipe:

Common Capella gallinago.

Pintail Capella stenura.

Swinhoe's Capella megala.

Solitaire: Townsend's Myadestes townsendi.
Sora Porzana carolina.

Sparrow:

Bachman's Aimophila aestivalis.
Baird's Ammodramus bairdii.

Black-chinned Spizella atrogularis.

Black-throated Amphispiza bilineata.

Botteri's Aimophila botterii.

Brewer's Spizella breweri.

Cassin's Aimophila cassinii.

Chipping Spizella passerina.

Clay-colored Spizella pallida.

Field Spizella pusilla.

Five-striped Aimophila quinquestriata.

Fox Passerella iliaca.

Golden-crowned Zonotrichia atricapilla. Grasshopper Ammodramus savannarum. Harris' Zonotrichia querula.

Henslow's Ammodramus henslowi.

Ipswich see SAVANNAH.

Lark Chondestes grammacus.

LeConte's Ammospiza lecontei.
Lincoln's Melospiza lincolnii.
Olive Arremonops rufivirgata.
Rufous-crowned Aimophila ruficeps.
Rufous-winged Aimophila carpalis.
Sage Amphispiza belli.

Savannah Passerculus sandwichensis.
Seaside Ammospiza maritima.
Sharp-tailed Ammospiza caudacuta.
Song Melospiza melodia.
Swamp Melospiza georgiana.
Tree Spizella arborea.

Vesper Pooecetes gramineus.

White-crowned Zonotrichia leucophrys. White-throated Zonotrichia albicollis. Worthen's Spizella wortheni.

Spoonbill: Roseate Ajaia ajaja.

Starling:

Ashy Sturnus cineraceus.

Violet-backed Sturnus philippensis.

Stilt: Black-necked Himantopus mexicanus. Stint:

Long-toed Calidris subminuta.
Temminck's Calidris temminckii.
Stork: Wood Mycteria americana.
Storm-Petrel:

Ashy Oceanodroma homochroa.
Black Oceanodroma melania.
Fork-tailed Oceanodroma furcata.
Harcourt's Oceanodroma castro.
Leach's Oceanodroma leucorhoa.
Least Halocyptena microsoma.
Tristram's Oceanodroma tristrami.
Wilson's Oceanites oceanicus.
Surfbird Aphriza virgata.
Swallow:

Bahama Callichelidon cyaneoviridis.
Bank Riparia riparia.
Barn Hirundo rustica.
Cave Petrochelidon fulva.

Cliff Petrochelidon phrrhonota.
Rough-winged Stelgidopteryx ruficollis.
Tree Iridoprocne bicolor.
Violet-green Tachycineta thalassina.

Puerto Rican Neospingus speculiferus. Scarlet Piranga olivacea. Stripe-headed Spindalis zena. Summer Piranga rubra. Western Piranga ludoviciana. Tattler:

Polynesian Heteroscelus brevipes. Wandering Heteroscelus incanus. Teal: see DUCKS.

Tern:

Aleutian Sterna aleutica.
Arctic Sterna paradisaea.
Black Chlidonias niger.

Black-naped Sterna sumatrana.

Black Noddy Anous tenuirostria.
Blue-gray Noddy Procelsterna cerulea.
Bridled Sterna anaethetus.

Caspian Sterna caspia.

Cayenne Sterna eurygnatha.
Common Sterna hirundo.

Elegant Sterna elegans.
Forster's Sterna forsteri.
Gray-backed Sterna lunata.

Gull-billed Gelochelidon nilotica.

Least Sterna albifrons.

Noddy Anous stolidus.

Roseate Sterna dougallii.

Royal Sterna maxima.

Sandwich Sterna sandvicensis.

Sooty Sterna fuscata.

Trudeau's Sterna trudeaui.

White (Fairy) Gygis alba.

White-winged Black Chlidonias leucop

terus.

Thrasher:

Bendire's Toxostoma bendirei.
Brown Toxostoma rufum.

California Toxostoma redivivum.

Crissal Toxostoma dorsale.

Curve-billed Toxostoma curvirostre. LeConte's Toxostoma lecontei. Long-billed Toxostoma longirostre. Pearly-eyed Margarops fuscatus. Sage Oreoscoptes montanus. Thrush: (see also Waterthrush): Eye-browed Turdus obscurus. Gray-cheeked Catharus minimus. Hawaiian Phaeornis obscurus. Hermit Catharus guttatus. Red-legged Mimochichla plumbea. Small Kauai Phaeornis palmeri. Swainson's Catharus ustulatus. Varied Ixoreus naevius.

Wood Hylocichial mustelina.

Titmouse:

Bridled Parus wollweberi.

Plain Parus inornatus.

Tufted (incl. Black-crested) Parus bicolor.

Towhee:

Abert's Pipilo aberti.

Brown Pipilo fuscus.

Green-tailed Pipilo Chlorurus.

Rufous-sided Pipilo erythrophthalmus.

Tree Duck; see DUCKS.

Tropic-bird:

Red-billed Phaethon aethereus.