was the original plan to raise an endowment fund by the sale of perpetual scholarships, at the price of $100 each, and to establish an institution in the state of New York, but the success in selling scholarships in Ohio having been far greater than in New York it was decided to locate the college in the former State. To secure the location at Yellow Springs, the citizens of the place pledged a pleasant site of twenty acres of ground and $30,000 in money. This offer secured the location, and four buildings were subsequently erected, a large and handsome central hall, called Antioch Hall, two dormitories and a president's house.

It was a singular provision in the articles of incorporation that the trustees were to be elected by the holders of scholarships, each scholarship being entitled to one vote, but no one holder could cast more than ten votes. The first meeting of the holders of scholarship for the election of trustees was held in the college chapel Sept. 4th, 1854, when thirtythree trustees were chosen. Among these were many eminent men of the East, such as Horace Mann, Moses H. Grinnell, and Peter Cooper, who, although not "christians," sympathized in the new enterprise. The officers of this board of trustees were: Hon. Aaron Harlan, President; Elias Smith, Vice President; Wm. R. King, Secretary; and Hon. Wm. Mills, Treasurer.

Two years before this, Horace Mann having consented to become the president of the college, was elected to that office Sept. 15, 1852. At the same time five professors were elected, one of whom was a lady, Miss R. M. Pennell.

The college did not go into operation until Oct. 5th, 1853. Young ladies were admitted on equal terms with gentlemen to all the privileges of the institution.

At an early date colored students were received by President Mann, although forbidden to receive them by the president of the board of trustees. In this Mr. Mann was sustained by the faculty and the doors have never been closed

to such students. The college started upon its career prosperously, and the first graduating class (1857) numbered fifteen-twelve gentlemen and three ladies. The fame of Horace Mann as the distinguished Secretary of the Massachusetts Board of Education, as a member of Congress, and as a man of progressive and liberal views, had preceeded him to the West and the college at once became popular.

But difficulties awaited the young institution. By the charter "two-thirds of the board of trustees and a majority of the board of instruction must be members of the Christian denomination." The endowment fund was to be raised by the sale of scholarships, and the building fund by special contributions. The former fund proved to be inadequate to the support of the faculty by an annual deficit of nearly $10,000, and the latter fund was soon exhausted, and the buildings were mortgaged to secure a large additional debt. In 1857, nearly $40,000 of the fund derived from scholarships had been "borrowed" to pay various expenses. This condition of affairs necessitated an assignment of the property. In 1859, the property was sold at two-thirds of an appraisment of $65,000, to T. H. Palmer, Esq., of New York. He assigned it to provisional trustees and by them it was assigned, April 22, to the trustees of a new corporation known as "Antioch College of Yellow Springs, Greene County, Ohio." Money was raised by subscription from "Christians" and Unitarians to pay the debts. In the new charter twelve of the twenty-four trustees were to be from the denomination of "Christians." The board was to be a close corporation. The college was now free from debt and it resolved to keep free. There was, however, no endowment and the faculty were supported chiefly by subscriptions. On the 5th of Aug. 1859, President Mann died. He was succeeded by Rev. Thomas Hill, D. D., who entered upon his duties in January, 1860. He was a man of wide learning and an eminent mathematican, and afterwards became

the President of Harvard University. In 1860, a class of 28 was graduated. In 1861, the great civil war began and nothing could be done in providing funds for the wants of the institution. President Hill resigned in June, 1862, and at the same time or soon after, the faculty resigned. At the request of the trustees, Prof. J. B. Weston did not leave, and instruction was given to such students as remained. During this interim there was one graduate each year. By this time the harmony between the two donominations had become disturbed, and it was deemed best that one or the other should control the institution. The Unitarians agreed to surrender everything to the "Christians," if they would raise $50,000 for the aid of the college within a year, which time was extended to two years. This was on condition that afterwards, the Unitarians should have a similar privilege of trial. The money was not raised by the "Christians." Then the latter denomination made the attempt and succeeded, having raised $100,000 by June 21, 1865. Thus the college passed into the hands of the Unitarians. The charter was revised and all sectarian tests eliminated. At the same time a faculty was appointed. Prof. Austin Craig, D. D. was acting president for a year, when Rev. G. W. Hosmer, D. D., an eminent pastor of a Unitarian church of Buffalo, N. Y., was elected president. He proved to be a wise and able officer. He resigned Jan. 1, 1873, and was succeeded by Prof. Edward Orton. The latter resigned at the end of the college year, to take the presidency of the Ohio Agricultural and Mechanical College, at Columbus. Since that time Prof. S. C. Derby has been the acting or temporary president.

Since its last reorganization the college claims to be entirely unsectarian in character, and at this time, among its faculty and teachers are members of five different religious denominations.

The whole number of graduates is 133, of whom 87 are

gentlemen and 46 ladies. They have furnished from this number 12 ministers, 22 lawyers, 5 physicians, 4 editors, some presidents and professors in colleges, and a large number of teachers. Of the ladies three are connected with college instruction, two are physicians, and one is a preacher.

The total productive endowment is $123,000, so invested as to yield an annual income of between $11,000 and $12,000. Twenty thousand dollars of this fund were a bequest of Mrs. Sarah King, of Taunton, Mass. A prospective fund from a noble bequest by Hon. David Joy, of $40,000, to be devoted chiefly to women needing aid and to students of color, is reported.

The library contains about 5,000 volumes. The department of physics is well supplied with the most approved apparatus, and the chemical laboratory is also pretty well equipped. There is a telescope of 5 inch apperture, a prismatic reflecting circle, chronometer, etc., for instruction in astronomy.

The mineralogical and geological cabinets are sufficient for class illustration.

The number of students given in the Report of the Commissioner of Schools for 1875 is 70. Of these 34 are gentlemen and 36 ladies. The number of graduates in the same year was 4, two of each sex.

The course of study is full and excellent. Thorough preparation for admission to the freshman class is required. This may be obtained in the preparatory department, which is needed here as at the other colleges of the State.

Greek, both in the preparatory school and in college, is optional, but an equivalent is required. The study of Latin and Greek is not prescribed after the end of the sophomore year.

UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI.

Mr. Charles McMicken, who died in 1857, gave by his will to the city of Cincinnati, property, then valued at $500,000, for the purpose of founding two colleges in Cincinnati, one for the education of young men and the other for women.

After four years of litigation the property came into possession of the city in trust. In order to make the property productive it was necessary to make improvements upon it, which with annuities to be paid consumed the revenue. In 1870, the legislature passed an act, in general form, by which Cincinnati could establish a university and receive funds, etc., in trust for such a purpose, and in 1871 a board of trustees was selected, of which Hon. Rufus King was the President. This board consists of 19 persons appointed by the common council, six of whom shall be nominated by the board of education of the city. The term of office is six years. The care of the McMicken estate was transferred

to this new university board.

There has been established by the aid of the McMicken fund a School of Design and an Academic Department. To these have been added the Cincinnati Observatory. There are some special endowments of the School of Design and of the Observatory, but these are under the care of the trustees of the university.

The Academic Department has already professorships of Mathematics, Astronomy and Civil Engineering; of Physics and Chemistry; of Ancient Languages and Comparative Philology, with instructors in the German and French languages. Appointments have quite recently been made to fill two additional professorships-of Philosophy and History, and of Modern Languages and Belles-lettres, and two others are in the process of formation. Instruction in this department is free to youth of either sex who are bona fide residents of Cincinnati. To other students the tuition is