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was of great advantage to him. He was called to Dublin to assist in the survey of the Great Western Railway, across Ireland between Dublin and Galway, and was assigned as chainman to a corps of employes managed by Butler and Fortescue. He was later promoted to the office in Dublin in the department of Jonas Stowell. Two years later he was appointed to assist a Mr. Nevin on the English Government Relief Works, in the county of Westmeath, Ireland. The following year he came to America with his parents, and the departure from Ireland, the land which he dearly loved, was a great grief to him, as well as to the remainder of the family. When they arrived here, they found it difficult to get work that paid properly, a laborer's wages being fifty-six cents per day, and even such a position was not easy to procure. John could obtain no employment in the engineering line, so he concluded to go to Wayne county, Pennsylvania, where he had a friend, Francis Blair, engaged in contracting on Public work. With a five dollar gold piece in his pocket and a small parcel of clothing he left New York to seek a betterment of conditions elsewhere. He spent a few days in Rileyville, Wayne county, where he met some friends and obtained work small canal near Honesdale, in the same county, which paid seventyfive cents per day, without board, and winter now having set in he began the real work of his life with pick, drill and axe. The following spring he was advanced to the position of boss, and shortly afterward was further advanced to the position of walking boss and had control of all the other bosses. He sent for his parents and the remainder of the family and they settled in a shanty, and during the summer all worked on a railroad bed, the father acting as boss. In the fall of this year the unfinished North Branch canal was put under contract for completion, and Mr. Blair secured two sections near Tunkhannock, and the entire Fulton family moved to that region. John continued to be the walking boss and was the general manager of the works and store. When these sections were finished new work was obtained in the same locality, and the father and some of the family moved to a small farm in Wayne county, as previously stated. John Fulton continued manager at the Tunkhannock aqueduct, and the assistant engineer, T. T. Wierman, hearing that he had some engineering training and that he was a good draftsman, engaged him to work in his corps. He worked from 1852 until 1855 on the Junction canal connecting the Pennsylvania and New York systems, at Elmira, New York. He was connected with this canal work until its completion and had in charge the filling of the canal with water. He was next employed in the construction of the Barclay railroad, and later accepted the position of resident and mining engineer in connection with mining for the Broad Top Mountain Railroad and Coal Company. He continued with this company from 1857 until 18:3, having charge of the railroad and the opening of the coal His next appointment was that of chief engineer of the Bedford and Bridgeport Railroad, connecting Mount Dallas with Cumberland, Maryland. This was for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and ended in 1874. Hon. D. J. Morrell general manager of the Cambria Iron Works sent for him, during that year, and offered him the position of general mining engineer in that company. This he accepted and at once organized a corps of men for making surveys of the large mines of the His duties embraced the management of the coal mines and the coke works situated in Pennsylvania, and the iron ore mines situated in the Menominee region in northern Michigan. During the years he occupied this position he enjoyed the confidence and friendship of

mines.

Hon. D. J. Morrell, the general manager, and of E. Y. Townsend, the president of the company. He was advanced to the position of general superintendent of the steel works, under C. E. Chaplin, in 1887, and in the following year was given the important office of general manager of the Cambria Iron Company. This office he filled to the entire satisfaction of those most interested in the affairs of the company until 1892, when a severe attack of the grip and other causes induced him to retire from the exhausting labors.

About three years later he associated himself in partnership with Mr. Isaac Taylor in the purchase of some coal lands and the establishing of coke works named "Mount Hope" near Uniontown, Fayette county, Pennsylvania, and this has proved a very practical and profitable investment. He also opened an office in Johnstown, Cambria county, Pennsylvania, and resunied his practice of mine engineering and the examination of the geological and economical conditions of properties. These varied occupations and interests have made him one of the busiest men of his time. He has been assistant state geologist during the second geological survey of the state, and reported and mapped Cambria and Somerset counties. He has crossed the continent twice, visiting British Columbia, Vancouver Island, Nova Scotia and Newfoundland. His work has been over a large portion of the United States and Canada, and he has a wide-spread reputation as a coke expert. He is the author of a number of papers on scientific subjects, among them being a treatise on the "Manufacture of Coke and the Saving of Bi-Products," which contains three hundred and forty pages, well illustrated. He is connected with many societies and organizations, some of which are here inentioned: The Philosophical Society of Philadelphia; president of the Young Men's Christian Association; president of the Park Commission; president of Grand View Cemetery; has been president and civil engineer of the Board of Health; is a member of the State Forestry Commission; is a director of the Union National Bank; president of the Buena Vista Iron Ore Company of Virginia; is a member of the American Institute of Mining Engineers. The Lafayette College, at Easton, Pennsylvania, in 1870, conferred on him the degree of Master of Arts. He has also been awarded a number of testimonials and medals, among them being: Two from the judges at the St. Louis Exposition of 1904, one diploma and medal being in special recognition of "Active interest and efficient co-operation in the Universal Exposition of 1904," and the other for "developing the coke industry in the United States.” His political affiliations are with the Republican party, but he has never sought or held public office. His church connections were with the Presbyterian church in Saxton, and when he removed to Johnstown he and his family became members of the First Presbyterian Church in that city, and having held the office of ruling elder in the Saxton church, he was tendered a similar office in his new home in the Johnstown church. He instructed a Bible class of adults for more that forty years, and was justly renowned for the excellence of his teachings. Mr. Fulton is a man of strong personality, keen observation, practical and methodical. His executive ability, which he can put into play without a moment's hesitation, is simply remarkable. His grasp of detail is wonderful, and his conclusions are formed rapidly and yet systematically. He is the ideal man at the head of a commission to enforce laws which are necessary to the masses, yet irksome to a few. The main factors in the success which he has attained have been his strong will power and his confidence in himself. He has had as his guide the old but true

saying, "First be sure that you are right, then go ahead." There is no worrying after he has arrived at a decision; the matter has been well considered from all points of view, before one step is taken to carry it out, and when once begun there is no need for hesitation. He is a man of sound judgment and practical common sense.

Mr. Fulton married, in 1855, in Arthur, Canada, Anne Mackay, daughter of James Mackay, of Scotland, who emigrated to Upper Canada. He was a botanist of scientific attainments, and had extensive nurseries in Ulster, Ireland, prior to his emigration. Mrs. Fulton was educated in Dungannon, Ireland, at a private seminary for females. The children of John and Anne (Mackay) Fulton were: 1. Marie, married John D. Ligon, in 1889. He is a proofreader in the Patent Office in Washington, District of Columbia, where they reside, and have one son and one daughter. 2. James Edmund, was educated partly at the state college and partly at the Hills School, below Reading. He studied mining, and at the time of his death, January 18, 1885, was superintendent of the large coal mines of the Cambria Iron Company, located in the city of Johnstown. He had also had considerable experience in exploring for iron ore in the Adirondacks, in the state of New York, and in opening mines in Morrell in the Connellsville region. He is buried in the Fulton Circle in Grand View Cemetery. 3. Thomas Wierman, received the same education as his brother, and in addition attended the Columbia School of Mines in New York, in 1881. He died September 20, 1884, before his graduation. 4. Nannie West, the youngest child of the family, is still at home.

PRICE FAMILY. The surname Price in each succeeding generation of descendants of its American ancestor has been known in Pennsylvania history from the time of the founding of the Colony by William Penn and his followers in 1682. Beyond that time little is known of the family life and history in European countries, except that on all sides the ancestors in England, Wales, North of Ireland and Germany, were members of the religious Society of Friends.

The founder of that branch of the Price family in Pennsylvania of which this sketch is intended particularly to treat was Philip Price, who is mentioned in Colonial records as having come "with the first Welsh settlers, but in old age." He was of that colony of settlers of whom Proud in his "History of Pennsylvania," in treating of the period which included the last quarter of the seventeenth century, makes particular allusion in these words:

"Among those adventurers and settlers who arrived about this time (1682) were also many from Wales, of those who are called Ancient Britons, and mostly Quakers, divers of whom were of the original or early stock of that Society there. They had early purchased of the proprietary in England forty thousand acres of land. Those who came at present took up so much of it on the west side of Schuylkill river as made the three townships of Merion, Haverford and Radnor; and in a few years afterward their number was so augmented as to settle the three other townships of Newton, Goshen and Uwchland. After this they continued, still increasing, and became a numerous and flouishing people." * "Divers of these early Welsh settlers were persons of worthy and excellent character; and several of good education, family and estate, chiefly Quakers; and many of them either eminent preachers in that society, and otherwise well qualified and disposed to do good, in various capacities, both in religious and civil, in public and private life."

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Philip Price brought with him to America his first wife, and setiled in Haverford, near where the Buck Tavern afterward stood, on the oid Lancaster road, about six miles from Philadelphia. On the 6th of the 8th month, 1697, as appears by a deed now extant, he purchased from Francis Rawle, for the price of one hundred and thirty-five pounds in silver currency, one thousand acres of land in Plymouth township, then in Philadelphia county, but now Montgomery county. In a deed from Philip Price dated the 5th day of August, 1703, he describes himself as of Upper Merion, Welsh Tract. His will, dated the 11th day of 12th month, 1719, which was probated at Philadelphia, 11th month, 22d day, 1720, describes him as yeoman of the township of Merion, county of Philadelphia, and makes provision in legacies to his various children and grandchildren, among the latter being the name of Isaac Price. Unto his second and youthful wife, Margaret Price, whose maiden name was Morgan, and whom he married at his age of eighty-five years and lived with about twelve years, making his own age ninety-seven years, he devised his "house and plantation, where we now dwell." Margaret Price lived until 1774.

Isaac Price, son of the first Philip Price, was married on the 4th day of the 1st month, 1696, to Susanna Shoemaker. This marriage is duly certified on the books of the Abingdon Monthly Meeting under that date, with the lawfully required names of twelve Friends as witnesses following. Susanna Shoemaker was one of the German Friends from Cresheim, in the Palatinate, on the right bank of the Rhine, below Heidelberg, having come to America with her mother, Sarah Shoemaker, and several other children in the ship "Jeffries," Arnold, master, from London, 8th month, 12, 1685. Susanna Shoemaker then was thirteen years old. This Isaac Price died before his father, in 1707. His will is dated 4th day, 7th month, 1706, and was proved in the register's office in Philadelphia, on the 1st day of March, 1707.

Isaac Price, son of Isaac and Susanna (Shoemaker) Price, was placed as an apprentice with Griffith Jones and Elizabeth, his wife, of Germantown, on the 7th of October, 1720, with several salutary restraining stipulations in the indenture for his good conduct, with the consent of his mother, who then was Susanna Courten, wife of William Courten. In witnessing his marriage she signed her name as Kourten. Isaac Price married, on the 10th day of the 4th month, 1729, Margaret Lewis, whose father, Henry Lewis, came from Narbeth, in Pembroke, Wales, and settled in Haverford in 1682. He had been a pecuniary sufferer in Wales on account of his religion, and being otherwise persecuted he left that country and came to Penn's colony in America, where he was a man of consequence among the people. He held the office of peacemaker for the county of Philadelphia, and according to Dr. Smith's "History of Delaware County" he was foreman of the first grand jury of that county. Henry Lewis enjoyed the close friendship of William Penn, the proprietor, as is shown by a letter written by Penn in London to Thomas Lloyd in America, dated 1st month, 16, 1684-5, in which he requests to be dearly saluted to his "dear friends in their meetings, and particularly to dear John Simcock and seventeen others by name, including Henry Lewis and the rest of the Welsh Friends." Henry Lewis died in 1688, leaving his wife and three children-Henry, Samuel and Elizabeth-all of whom were born in Wales. Henry married Mary Taylor, daughter of Robert Taylor of Springfield, and who had conne from Cheshire. In speaking of this Henry Lewis, Dr. Smith's history says: "The second Henry became a man of considerable note; was a

member of the Assembly in 1715 and 1718, and was employed in other public trusts. His descendants are numerous, and many of them have been remarkable for intellectual superiority. The most noted was the late Enoch Lewis, the mathematician." Robert Taylor and Mary his wife arrived in the ship "Endeavor," of London, on the 29th of 7th month, 1683. Henry Lewis, the second, and Mary Taylor were married at a meeting held at the house of Bartholmew Coppock, in Springfield, on the 20th of the 12th month, 1692. Their daughter Margaret, who afterward married Isaac Price (2d) was born 9th month, 17th, 1700.

The office of peacemaker, held by the first Henry Lewis, was created by an Act of Assembly at the second session in the Province; and the Chester court, which appointed three persons to the office of peacemaker, ordered them to meet on the first fourth day in each month; hence their meeting came to be called the monthly court. The duty of peacemaker was to determine all matters in litigation, subject to appeal to the higher court, and, as the name implies, to exercise an advisory power in the reconciliation of persons in dispute and in all ways to discourage litigation among the settlers. Penn himself in a letter written in 1683 to the Society of Free Traders, says: "To prevent lawsuits there are three Peacemakers chosen by every County Court, in the nature of common arbitrators, to hear and end differences betwixt man and man.”

Isaac Price (2d) and his wife Margaret were the parents of Philip Price (2d). He was born in Plymouth on the 5th of the 11th month, 1730, and afterward lived in Kingsessing, both in Philadelphia county, but in his advanced age he lived in Barby, in Delaware county. Philip Price, son of Isaac and Margaret, married Hannah Bonsall, by meeting at Darby, on the 13th day of the 5th month, 1752. She was a daughter of Benjamin and Martha Bonsall, of Kingsessing. Under the date of 3d month, 14th day, 1809, Philip Price, by the hand of his son, Philip Price (3d), sets forth that he and his male children are then the only living descendants of the name of Price of the original Philip Price, his great-grandfather.

The American ancestors of Hannah Bonsall, wife of Philip Price (2d), were her grandparents, Richard and Mary Bonsall, of whom Proud, the historian, has written as follows: "In the year 1682 they (the Quakers) had a religious meeting fixed at Darby. Among the first and early settlers of the Society at or near this place are mentioned (among several names) Richard Bonsall, who all came from Derbyshire in England." The birth of a son Benjamin to Richard and Mary Bonsall is recorded in the Friends' Meeting Book at Darby as on the 3d day of the 11th month, 1687. Richard Bonsall died on the 13th day of the 7th month, 1699, his wife having died in the previous year. In his will he bequeathed legacies to his daughters and devised lands to his sons. On the 7th day of the 11th month, 1714, his sons partitioned among themselves the lands left by their father, and Jacob and Enoch Bonsall conveyed to their brother Benjamin his allotment of one hundred and four acres. On this tract Hannah Bonsall was born, as also was her son, Philip Price (3d). Benjamin Bonsall married Martha her family name and the date of her marriage not being found in the record.

Benjamin and Martha Bonsall were the parents of several children, of whom Hannah, who married Philip Price (2d), was born on the 10th of the 11th month, 1730. Martha, wife of Benjamin Bonsall, died some time after 1728, and in 1737 he took to wife Elizabeth Horne. He died