ending in 1915; and resides in Philadelphia. He is the author of a history of the city government of Philadelphia.

Penrose, Spencer, mining, born Philadelphia, Nov. 2, 1865; son of Richard Alexander Fullerton and Sarah Hannah (Boies) Penrose; graduated from Harvard College, A.B., 1886; married, London, England, April 26, 1906, Mrs. Julie Villiers (Lewis) McMillan of Detroit. Secretary and treasurer Utah Copper Co.; secretary United States Sugar and Land Co.; secretary Beaver Land and Irrigation Co.; director Ray Consolidated Copper Co., Chino Copper Co., First National Bank of Colorado Springs, Cripple Creek Central Railroad, Beaver, Penrose and Northern Railroad, Grand Junction and Grand Valley Railroad. Served as colonel on staff of Gen. Peabody of Colorado, 1903-04. Republican. Clubs: Philadelphia, Union League, Philadelphia Country, Racquet (Philadelphia), University, Union League (New York), Denver, Denver Country, El Paso, Cheyenne Mountain Country (Colorado Springs), Alta (Salt Lake City, Utah), Yondotega (Detroit, Mich.), The Travelers (Paris, France).

Peoples, Hugh, merchant, banker, born in Ireland, Dec. 28, 1857; son of Hugh and Elizabeth (Woods) Peoples; educated in Londonberry Academical Institute, Ireland. Engaged with Belfast Bank of Ireland, six years. President First National Bank of Sheyenne, ten years; Bank of New Rockford, twelve years. President First State Bank, Brantford, and First State Bank, Bremen, three years. Member North Dakota State Legislature 1896-97; delegate to National Convention, Chicago, which nominated Roosevelt in 1904. Republican; Episcopalian. Mason, Shriner, Elk. Clubs: Commercial, Minneapolis, Minn. Address: New Rockford.

Pepper, Irvin S., congressman, was born on a farm in Davis County, Ia., June 10, 1876. He was elected to the sixty-second and sixty-third congresses.

Percy, Leroy, lawyer and statesman of Greenville, Miss., was born Nov. 9, 1860, in Washington County, Miss. He received the degree of A.B. from the University of the South and the degree of LL.B. from the University of Virginia. Since 1881 he has practiced law; and is also the owner of extensive land interests. In 1910-13 he was a member of the United States Senate.

Peres, Hardwig, broker, born Philadelphia, Pa., Jan. 6, 1859; Spanish and Dutch descent; son of Jacob Joseph and Eve (Chuts) Peres; father, professor and minister; paternal grandparents, Joseph and Sarah (Davidson) Peres, maternal grandfather Rev. Bernard J. Chuts; educated in Memphis (Tenn.) public schools and private school of his father, Prof. Jacob J. Peres; entered the brokerage business in early life; member Masons, Scottish Rite, Shrine, Elks, Y.M.H.A., Rex Club, and I.O.B.B,; Democrat; first president of Y.M.H.A., and one of the founders of the Jewish Spectator; formerly Venerable Master Mizpah Lodge of Perfection, Scottish Rite Masons; owner of firm of Jacob J. Peres & Co., established 1859; member of the Jewish faith.

Perkins, George Clement, United States senator of San Francisco, Cal., was born Aug. 23, 1839, in Kennebunkport, Me. At

the age of twelve years he went to sea on the Golden Eagle as a cabin boy; followed his calling and that of sailor for several years; and in 1855 shipped before the mast on a sailing vessel named Galatea bound for San Francisco, Cal. He engaged in business at Oroville and was very successful as a merchant there. He subsequently engaged in banking, milling, mining, and the steamship business, operating stamships on the coasts of California, Oregon, Washington, British Columbia, Alaska and Mexico. In 1868 he was elected to California state senate, serving eight years. He has been president of the Merchants' Exchange in San Francisco. In 1878-83 he was governor of California, serving until January, 1883. Since 1893 he has been a member of the United States senate, and is now serving the term ending in 1915.

Perkins, George Fitch, banker of Jersey City, N.J., born, Andover, Conn., Dec. 16, 1835; son of Timothy D. and Lucy Perkins; educated in public school and at Charlotteville, Schoharie County, N.Y.; married, Lee, Mass., Nov. 2, 1862, Charlotte S. Crocker; three children. President Provident Savings Institution; vice-president New Jersey Title Guarantee and Trust Co.; director Pavonia Trust Co., Colonial Life Insurance Co. Member twelfth New York State Militia, 1861, and served in Civil War. Republican; Presbyterian. Vice-president Children's Fresh Air Society; director Children's Home. Member Chamber of Commerce of New York. Clubs: Union League and Merchants (New York), Union League, Carteret, Jersey City (New Jersey).

Perkins, William David, banker, born, Hyde Park, Mass., May 23, 1867; son of David and Hannah S. (Dunn) Perkins; educated in Hyde Park grammar and high school and Bryant & Stratton's College, Boston, Mass.; married, Denver, Colo., 1891, Cora Ells Chamberlain; children: Helen J., Russell C., Sarah Jane, Polly. Was bookkeeper for Blake & Ripley, Boston, Mass., 1888; employed in Erie Railroad office, Boston, Mass., 1884-88; with German American Bank, Kansas City, Mo., 1888-89; People's Savings Bank, Kansas City, Mo., 1889-90; Citizens' National Bank, Dayton, Wash., 1890-92; president and director William D. Perkins & Co., bankers, Seattle, Wash., since 1893; trustee Olympic Power Co.; trustee and secretary of Arctic Construction Co. Republican; Congregationalist. Member of the Seattle Art Association, Arctic Brotherhood, Knights of Pythias and Sons of the Revolution. Clubs: Arctic, Athletic, Golf and Country, Seattle Yacht Club. Residence: 1317 Minor Ave. Office: 211 Cherry St., Seat tle, Wash.

Perrier, Joseph Louis, physician, littérateur; born March 12, 1874, at La Garde Adhémar, France; son of Joseph and Marguerite (Granier) Perrier; educated at School of the Marist Brothers at Pierrelatte, 1882-86, Serres Normal School; University of Montpelier, 1886-92; post-graduate courses at St. Francis Xavier College, New York, 1904-05 (A.M. in 1905); Columbia University, 1905-09 (A.M. in 1906; Ph.D. in 1909); received degrees of brevet élémentaire, Aacdémie d'Aix, 1890; brevet supérieur, and baccalauréat de l'enseignement secondaire spécial, Univer

sity of Montpellier, 1892; made Sodalis Honorarius of the College of the Rosary (Bogota) in 1910; the first man outside of Colombia upon which this distinction was ever conferred. Author of "The Revival of Scholastic Philosophy in the Nineteenth Century" (Columbia University Press, New York, 1909); contributor to the Revista del Colegio del Rosario (Bogota); The Journal of Philosophy, Psychology and Scientific Methods; and Revue Néo-Scolastique (Louvain, Belgium). Traveled through South America, 1895-1901. Address: 153 Chauncey St., Brooklyn, N.Y. M.D. University and Bellevue Hospital Medical College, 1903. Member of American Philosophical Association. Contributor to the Catholic University Bulletin.

Perrow, Dr. Mosby Garland, Lynchburg, Va. Chemistry, biology. Born in Campbell County, Va., Sept. 20, 1876. A.B., Washington and Lee, 1897; A.M., 1906; Ph.D., 1908. Director science, public schools, Lynchburg, Va., 1902-09; city chemist and bacteriologist, 1906 to date; health officer, 1910 to date. F.A.A.; Chem. Soc.; Soc. Indust.; Pub. Health Assn. Chemistry and bacteriology of milk; flora of Campbell County, Va.; the teaching of chemistry in secondary schools, etc. Fellow Amer. Assn. Adv. Soc. Author various scientific papers.

Perry, John Holliday, lawyer, born, Kentucky. March 3, 1881; son of W. M. B. and Mattie (Atterbury) Perry; related to Com. O. H. and Matt Perry; educated Hanover College, Ind.; Centre College of Central Univ., Danville, Ky.; B.A., Univ. of Virginia; LL.B., Univ. of Wash. Former Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, King County, Wash.; western counsel Scripp's newspapers, United Press Associations, Newspaper Enterprise Association. Married Miss Dorothy Lilly, daughter of Chas. H. Lilly of Seattle. Office: 900-906 Leary Bldg., Seattle. Residence: San Marco Apts., Seattle.

Peters, Andrew James, congressman, was born April 3, 1872. He was a member of the Massachusetts legislature in 1902; member of the state senate of Massachusetts, 1904 and 1905; served five years as member of the Massachusetts militia; is unmarried; was elected to the sixtieth, sixty-first and sixty-second congresses; and re-elected to the sixty-third congress as a Democrat; and resides in Boston, Mass.

Peters, Madison C., clergyman, author, of 1822 Glenwood Rd., Brooklyn, N.Y., was born, Lehigh Co., Pa., Nov. 6, 1859; son of Morgan and Maria (Kemerer) Peters; educated Muhlenberg Coll., Allentown, Pa., and Franklin and Marshall Coll., Lancaster, Pa.; graduated Theol. Dept. Heidelberg Univ., Tiffin, O.; received D.D. from Heidelberg Univ., and from Ursinus Coll.; married, Philadelphia, June 3, 1890, Sara H. Hart; children: Dorothy H., born 1891; Anna H., born 1893; Frank H., born 1897. Ordained to ministry of Reformed Church, June, 1880; pastor five years of First Presbyterian Church, Buttonwood St. and 6th, Philadelphia; eleven years of Bloomingdale Church, N.Y. City, and subsequently of Church of Epiphany, N.Y. City; now preacher, lecturer and author. Author: Justice to the Jews; The Jews in America; The Great Hereafter; After Death What?; How to

Make Things Go; The Mission of Masonry; Empty Pews; A Square Deal for the Negro; Sermons That Won the Masses; Lincoln's Religion and other books.

Peters, Richard Calvin, banker, born Petersburg, Mich., Apr. 29, 1862; son of Charles and Julia A. (Burnham) Peters; educated Petersburg and Deerfield, Mich. schools, two years in literary department of University of Michigan; married, Monticello, Ill., June 9, 1887, Maggie L. Reed; four children: Reed Charles, born 1889; Jennie B., born 1891; Richard Bruce, born 1898; Katharine M., born 1906. President Peters Trust Co. Republican; Presbyterian (trustee Dundee Presbyterian Church). Recreation: Golf. Clubs: Happy Hollow Golf, Commercial, University. Residence: 4822 Cass St. Office: Peters Trust Co., Omaha.

Peterson, John B., United States congressman from the tenth district of Indiana, was born July 4, 1851, in Lake County, Ind. He is president of the Commercial Bank of Crown Point. He was elected to the sixty-third congress for the term of 1913-15; and resides in Crown Point, Ind.

Peterson, William McDowell, lawyer, born, Day Book, N.C., Nov. 2, 1874; son of Moses W. and Cordelia (Ray) Peterson. Educated Peterson Academy, Day Book, N.C.; Burnsville Academy, Burnsville, N.C.; Wash. Coll., Tenn.; Wake Forest Coll., N.C.; studied law at Jonesboro, Johnson City, Tenn., in office of Kirkpatrick, Williams & Bowman; finished law course at Wake Forest Coll., N.C. Married, Eva McDonald, Oct. 26, 1904, at Walla Walla, Wash. Admitted to bar in Tenn., 1900; in N.C., 1901; in Oregon, 1902; admitted to practice in the U.S. Dist. and U.S. Circuit Courts of Oregon; County Supt. of Schools, Yancy Co., N.C., 1896 to 1898. Member of law firm of Peterson & Wilson, with offices in Pendleton and Portland, Ore. Chairman of the Umatilla Co., Ore., Democratic Central Committee, 4 years; Presidential electorial candidate on Democratic ticket in Oregon, 1912. Del. to Democratic State Conventions in 1904, 1906, 1908, 1910. Stumped State of Oregon for Woodrow Wilson, 1912. Delivered 4th of July orations at Helix, Ore., 1906; Athena, Ore., 1904; Pilot Rock, Ore., 1910; Echo, Ore., 1912. Clubs: Wenaha, Pendleton Commercial. Member: K. of P., Masons. Residence: 305 Lincoln St. Office: Smith Crawford Bldg., Pendleton, Ore.

Pettingall, Charles Edward, banker, born April 15, 1885; son of Edward Everett and Mollie E. (McCloud) Pettingall. Educated in public and high schools of Portsmouth, O.; College of Business, Portsmouth, O. Married Clara Esther Schmitt, Jan. 27, 1911, at Portsmouth, O. Connected for five years with motive power dept. Norfolk & Western Railroad. Two years with Sud Pacifico de Mexico in constructing department. Real estate and mining in the state of Jalisco and territory of Tepic, Mexico. Secretary and treasurer Capital Savings-Investment Co. Secretary Consolidated Mines Co. of Arizona. Sec. and director Marvin Wakefield Piano Co. Member Progressive Club, Phoenix, Ariz. Residence: La Belle Place. Office: Capital Savings-Investment Co.

Pettus, Isabella M., lawyer, born St. Louis, Mo.; daughter of James T. and Mary A. (Hoeffin) Pettus; educated in Collegiate Inst., N.Y. Univ. Law School, LL.B., 1897; LL.M., 1898; unmarried. Admitted to practice law, state of N.Y., 1898; to U.S. courts, 1902; asst. lecturer to the woman's law class, N.Y. Univ. Baptist. Mem. Am. Assn. Social Science, the Woman's Legal Educ. Soc. (acting pres.), the Alumnae Assn. of the Woman's Law Class, N.Y. Univ. (pres.). Address: 350 West 71st St., N.Y. City.

Peyton, John Howe, president Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Ry., born March 17, 1864. Educated at Roanoke College, Salem, Va., 1876-81. Entered railway service June, 1881, since which he has been consecutively to April, 1882, rodman Richmond & Louisville Railroad; 1883, rodman on residency Richmond & Danville Railroad; 1884, instrumentman Tennessee Midland Railroad; 1884 to 1885, Instrumentman Farmerville & Powhatan Railroad; 1885 to 1887, resident engineer Lynchburg & Durham Railroad; 1887 to 1888, engineer same road; 1888, resident engineer Georgia, Carolina & Northern Railway; 1889 to 1891, assistant to chief engineer Charleston, Clendennin & Sutton Railroad at Charleston, W.Va.; 1892 to 1898, engaged in engineering and contracting; 1899, United States Army; 1899 to 1900 Commission American (Episcopal) Church to Philippine Islands; 1900 to 1901, resident engineer Chesapeake & Ohio Railway; 1901 to 1902, chief engineer Great Eastern Railroad; 1902 to 1903, locating engineer Louisville & Nashville Railroad; 1903 to 1904, engineer of construction Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern Railway; 1904 to 1909, principal locating engineer Louisville & Nashville Railroad; 1909, consulting engineer North Coast Railroad; 1910 to 1914, assistant to president Louisville & Nashville Railroad; March, 1912, to 1914, chief engineer of construction of same road; 1914, president of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Railway. Author: "American Transportation Problem." Vice-president Paducah & Illinois Railroad Co.

Pfister, Joseph Clement, of 240 Sixth Ave., Newark, N.J. Mechanics, mathematical physics. Was born, Newark, March 10, 1867. A.B., Columbia, 1889, fellow, 1889-92, A.M., 1890. Asst. math. and astron., Columbia, 1889-90, tutor higher math. and astron., 1890-93, mech., 1893-1901, instr., 1901-05, adj. prof., 1905-. M.A.A.; Math. Soc.; fel. N.Y. Acad. Bibliography of mechanics.

Pflasterer, George Samuel, signal engineer Nashville Chattanooga & St. Louis Ry. Office, Nashville, Tenn., born May 22, 1869, at Allegheny, Pa. Educated at State Normal School at California, Pa., from 1889 to 1892, engaged in signal construction work with Union Switch & Signal Co.; 1892 to 1893, foreman of construction Johnson Rd. Signal Co.; entered railway service 1893 as signal foreman Chicago & Eastern Illinois Rd., since which he has been consecutively December, 1903 to 1910, signal inspector Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis Ry.; 1910 to date, signal engineer same road.

Pfleger, Otto, judge of the court of common pleas for Hamilton County, Cincinnati, O., was born in that city, April 20, 1861.