Archer M. Huntington). Entered the service of the Central Pacific Railroad Co., in 1869, and remained with that company and its successors for many years; has also been connected with the Chesapeake & Ohio Railroad, the Elizabethtown, Lexington & Big Sandy Railroad, and the Chesapeake, Ohio & Southwestern Railroad as secretary and treasurer; formerly president of the Texas & New Orleans Railroad; now treasurer and director of the Old Dominion Land Co.; also vice-president and treasurer Newport News Light & Water Co. Baptist. Treasurer and trustee Hispanic Society of America; member Colgate University Chapter of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity. Residence, Hotel Majestic. Office, 15 West 81st St., New York City.

Gatlin, Thomas Hall, Jr., assistant chief engineer maintenance of way Southern Ry. Office, Washington, D.C. Born Nov. 8, 1876, at Tarboro, N.C. Educated at Trinity College, Durham, N.C., 1894 to 1895. Entered railway service May, 1892, since which he has been consecutively to August, 1894, with the Atlantic Coast Line as rodman, assistant resident engineer, masonry and foundation inspector and engineer in charge of trestle work; 1896 and 1897, engineer for Edgecombe County Bridge Commission and engaged on other highway bridge work; 1897 and 1898, engaged in general engineering practice at Tarboro, N.C., 1899 to 1901, chief engineer East Carolina Ry.; 1901, engineer for Eagle Construction Co. of Toledo, O., constructing 25 miles of new railroad; fall of 1902, transitman Trans-Appalachian Rd. on preliminary surveys through the mountains of western North Carolina; spring of 1903 to spring of 1904, transitman Southern Ry. on location and graduation work through western North Carolina and Tennessee; spring of 1904 to spring of 1905, assistant engineer same road in chief engineer's office at Washington, D.C.; spring of 1905 to July 1, 1906, assistant engineer same road in charge of drafting department chief engineer's office, in charge of track work and yards; July 1, 1906, to Aug. 1, 1911, engineer maintenance of way Middle district at Knoxville, Tenn.; Aug. 1, 1911, to date, assistant chief engineer maintenance of way same road at Washington, D.C.

Gaudin, William John, merchant, public official; born Fentress County, Tenn., Jan. 31, 1859; Swiss-French descent; son of John W. and Adelia (Very) Gaudin; educated Hiwassee College, Monroe County, Tenn.; began his business career as a school teacher and farmer; entered the general merchandise business in 1892; married twice, first Z. A. Edwards, Nov. 6, 1881, second, J. A. Rich, May 19, 1904; member Jamestown Lodge No. 281, F. and A.M., and 32d° Scottish Rite, Valley of Nashville. Republican. Appointed U.S. Commissioner by Department of Justice in 1882, and has held that office since. Member of Methodist Church; charter member Jamestown Lodge No. 83, I.O.O.F., and charter member of Encampment Lodge in same town.

Gauger, O. J., merchant, banker and business president of Sullivan, Ill., was born Feb. 11, 1856, in Turbutville, Pa. He has been a successful bookkeeper, salesman, private banker and business president. He is now president of the Sullivan Dry

Goods Company; president of O. J. Gauger and Company, dealers in lumber and hardware; and manages his two farms.

Gauvreau, Charles Arthur, notary; born September 29, 1860, at Isle Verte, County of Temiscouata, Canada; son of Louis N. Gauvreau, N.P. and G.C.C. Seigneur of Villeray, by his wife Gracieuse Gauvreau; nephew, on father's side, of Sir N. F. Belleau, first lieutenant governor of Quebec; married, Sept. 7, 1887, Gertrude, daughter of Dr. Gauthier, of Montreal; educated at College of Rimouski (B.A.) and Laval University. Commissioner of Superior Court; elected to House of Commons at bye-election in 1897; reelected in 1900, 1904, 1908 and 1911. Is a Liberal in politics. Address: Fraserville, Quebec, County of Terisisconata.

Gavin, Michael Freebern, physician; b. May 12, 1844, in Ireland; came to America in 1857; ed. in public schools and by private tutors, pursuing his higher studies at Harvard Medical School (M.D., 1864); Royal College of Surgeons, Ireland (F.R.C.S., 1866); and took a post-graduate course in the School of Medicine, Paris, France. After graduating from Harvard College in 1864, Dr. Gavin immediately entered Boston City Hospital and held the position of Senior Resident Physician for a year. Enlisted with the Fifty-seventh Regiment Massachusetts Volunteer Militia in 1865, being appointed Assistant Surgeon; remained with the regiment until the close of the war and then went abroad with the intention of making a thorough study of surgery and surgical methods; lived in Paris till 1868, affiliated with several hospitals, and continuing studies; returned to Boston in 1868 and was appointed Visiting Surgeon Boston City Hospital, and held this position for several years; m., in 1876, Ellen Theresa Doherty, of New York. Served as Visiting Surgeon Carney Hospital; Consulting Surgeon St. Elizabeth's Hospital; Professor of Clinical Surgery at Boston Polyclinic, 1888-91. Trustee of Boston City Hospital, 1878-84; also trustee of Union Institution for Savings, and director of Mattapan Deposit and Trust Co. Contributor to magazines and medical papers at home and abroad, of scientific treatises on various professional subjects, notably The Treatment of Burns (Dublin Medical Press), and Comparative Statistics of Suicide (Appleton's Weekly). Member of the Boston Society for Medical Improvement; Massachusetts Medical Society; Boston Society for Medical Observation; American Medical Association; British Medical Association; Royal College of Surgeons; Boston Athletic Association; Boston Catholic Alumni. Club: Papyrus. Address: 546 Broadway, South Boston, Mass.

Gazzam, Joseph, M., lawyer; born in Pittsburgh, Dec. 2, 1842, son of Dr. Edward Despard Gazzam, physician, lawyer, statesman, one of organizers of the Free Soil party and its first candidate for governor of Pennsylvania, and Elizabeth Antoinette de Beelen de Bertholff, daughter of Constantine Antoine de Beelen de Bertholff, and granddaughter of Baron Frederick Eugene Francois d Beelen de Bertholff (Austrian Minister to the United States from 1783 to 1787). He was educated at the University of Western Pennsylvania. Admitted to the Allegheny County

Bar, Jan. 6, 1864; to the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania in November, 1867; to the Circuit and District Courts of the United States in May, 1869, and to the Supreme Court of the United States, March 19, 1870. He practiced at Pittsburgh until 1879; member of the law firm of Gazzam & Cochran (Mr. Cochran exmember of Congress and vice-president Missouri Pacific Railroad) from 1872 to 1879; and removed, 1879, to Philadelphia. He has since practiced law in the latter city and associated with William S. Wallace and formerly Gazzam, Wallace & Lukens, but now retired. Mr. Gazzam is a Republican in politics. He was a member of the city council of Pittsburgh in 1869-1873 and elected state senator in 1876, from the forty-third senatorial district of Pennsylvania. While so serving he introduced a bill for a marriage license law which was almost identical with the law now in force, but which was defeated in the lower House. He was author of the law which did away with the calls for special elections for state officers and thus effected a great saving to the State, and many other important acts. He was appointed by Governor William A. Stone commissioner from Pennsylvania to represent the State at the South Carolina Interstate and West Indian Exposition of 1902, and also a member of the Pennsylvania Commission by Governor Samuel W. Pennypacker to the Louisiana Purchase Exposition at St. Louis. Mr. Gazzam is president of the Rees Welsh Digest and Law Publishing Company, was one of the organizers of Quaker City National Bank of Philadelphia and fourteen. years its vice-president. He is president of the Ames-Bonner Company of Toledo, O., vice-president of the Dent's Run Coal Company, Pennsylvania; chairman of the board of directors of Peale, Peacock & Kerr, Incorporated; director in the Delaware Company and others. He was one of the projectors of the Beech Creek Railroad and the town of Gazzam was named for him. Mr. Gazzam is a life member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society, the Fairmount Park Association, the Franklin Institute, Horticultural Association of Pennsylvania, the Pennsylvania Forestry Association, Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts, Zoological Society, the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the Genealogical Society of Pennsylvania, the Archaeological and Palaeontological Society of the University. He is a member and ex-president of the Pennsylvania Club, a life member of the Union League and Lawyers' Club of Philadelphia, a member of the National Arts Club of New York City, City Club of New York, and the Toledo Club, Toledo, O. Mr. Gazzam married, in 1893, Nellie M. Andrews of New Orleans, and they have two children: Joseph M. Gazzam, Jr., and Olivia M. de B. Gazzam. Residence, 265 South 19th St.

Geer, George Jarvis, merchant, of New York City; born at Ballston Spa, N.Y., Oct. 25, 1846; son of Rev. George Jarvis, D.D., and Isabelle (Montague) Geer; grad. Columbia College, E.M., 1868; married, New York City, June 11, 1873, Louise, daughter Hon. Henry Horace and Esther (Langdon) Goodman; children: Louise, born 1874; George Jarvis, 3d, born 1876; Marshall, born 1878; Langdon, born 1880. Manager B. Priestley & Co.; president

Cravenette Co., Ltd. Republican; Episcopalian. Member Holland Lodge, F. and A.M., Chamber of Commerce, Museum Natural History. Clubs: University, Church.

Geist, Clarence Henry, capitalist; born in LaPorte, Ind., Jan. 10, 1868; son of Ezra and Eloise Bradley Geist; educated in northern Indiana schools. Mr. Geist was engaged in farming until 1893, and later in the real estate business in Chicago and suburbs until 1902, when he entered the gas, electric and water business. During the past twelve years he has purchased and reorganized in over sixty municipalities companies in this line of business, and has sold securities amounting to over $100,000,000 to cover the purchase and operation of these properties. He personally owns the control of some of the largest and best public utility companies in the United States. Mr. Geist's office and home are located in Philadelphia.

Gemünder, August M., violin maker and expert, 141 West 42d St., New York City; residence, 220 West 107th St. Born in New York City, May 4, 1862. Educated in public schools and at Heidenfeld Institute. Married. Head of the firm of August Gemünder & Sons (est. 1846). Member Arion Society, Musicians' Club and Liederkranz.

Genung, M. E., dry goods merchant, 34 South Fourth Ave., Mount Vernon; residence, Bronxville, N.Y.; stores at Mount Vernon, White Plains, Bronxville. Educated at Amenia Seminary. Married. Member Congregational Club of New York City.

George, Henry, congressman, was born Nov. 3, 1862, in Sacramento, Cal. He has been engaged in newspaper and magazine work and is the author of several works. He was elected to the Sixty-second and Sixty-third Congresses.

George, Samuel B., farmer, banker; born in Lexington, S.C., July 27, 1871; son of E. J. and Bedia (Taylor) George; educated in Lexington public schools, 1886-90; married, Lexington, S.C., Dec. 29, 1896, Olga Hendrix; five children. Surveyor from age of 19, until elected clerk of Fifth Circuit Court of Lexington County, 1900, re-elected 1904, term expiring 1909. General manager, secretary, and treasurer Citizens' Telephone Co. (operating 500 phones in county); president Home National Bank, and secretary of the Lexington County Fair Association. Democrat; member Methodist Episcopal Church South (lay member South Carolina Conference). Member South Carolina Bankers' Association, County Board of Education, term ending December, 1912; member Odd Fellows, Knights of Pythias; Royal Arch Mason and member of Mystic Shrine. Recreations: Swimming, motoring. Address, Lexington.

Getter, John P., general manager Kishacoquillas' Valley Rd. Office Belleville, Pa. Born Oct. 27, 1857. Entered railway service 1892 as general manager Kishacoquillas Valley Rd., which position he still holds.

Gibbs, Willard King, soldier and merchant, of Memphis, Tenn., was born Aug. 5, 1876, in Hannibal, Mo. He was educated in the public schools of his native city, and at the Hannibal Commercial College. He is a successful jeweler; is identified with the Demo

cratic party; and has filled various positions of trust and honor. He is a member of the Spanish-American War Veterans; and is a member of the Knights of Pythias and the Independent Order of Odd Fellows. During the Spanish-American war he was first lieutenant in the Fourth Missouri United States Volunteer Infantry; in 1899-1900 was captain of Company F, 4th Regiment Infantry, Missouri National Guard; and in 1900-02 was also captain and ordnance officer in the same regiment. He became second lieutenant in Company E, Fourth Regiment Infantry, Missouri National Guard. He is now identified with the business and public affairs of Memphis, Tenn.

Gibson, Paris, manufacturer, founder and United States Senator of Great Falls, Mont., was born July 1, 1830, in Brownfield, Me. In 1858 he settled in Minneapolis, Minn., and built, with W. W. Eastman, the first flour mill and first woolen mill in Minneapolis. In 1882 he first examined the falls of the Missouri, and at once founded the City of Great Falls. In 1889 he was a member of the convention that framed the Constitution of Montana. In 1891 he was elected state senator of Montana, and in 1901-03 he was United States Senator from Montana. He is now extensively engaged in real estate and farming in Great Falls, Mont.

Gidley, James Williams, U.S. National Museum, Washington, D.C., was born at Winnesheik County, Ia., Jan. 7, 1866. B.S., Princeton, 1898; M.S., 1901. Asst. vert. paleont., Am. Museum Nat. Hist., 1892-94, 1899-1905; preparator and custodian fossil mammals, U.S. Nat. Museum, 1905-10; assistant curator fossil mammals, U.S. Nat. Museum, 1914. Soc. Vert. Paleont.; Wash. Biol. Soc. (treas., 1909-13); Wash. Geol. Soc., A.A.A.S. Mammalian paleontology; stratigraphic geology. Basal Eocene mammals.

Giegerich, Leonard Anthony, jurist of New York City, was born May 20, 1855, in Rotz, Bavaria. He was brought to America when an infant; and since 1860 has lived in the Eleventh Ward of New York City. In 1877 he was admitted to the bar; and in 1886 was elected a representative to the New York State Legislature. He became collector of internal revenue for the third district of New York; and in 1890 was appointed judge of the City Court. In 1890 he was elected county clerk; in 1891 was appointed judge of the Court of Common Pleas; and the following year was elected for a full term of fourteen years. He was a delegate to the New York Constitutional Convention of 1894. In 1896 he was transferred to the Supreme Court and was re-elected to the Supreme Court bench for the full term of fourteen years.

Gifford, Robert Ladd, engineer and inventor; born in Smithfield, O., Sept. 12, 1867; son of William and Lydia (Ladd) Gifford. He was graduated from Cornell University in 1891. He has been president of the Illinois Engineering Company since 1900, and is nationally known as an inventor of steam appliances and a process for the recovery of sulphate of iron. He is a member of the American Society of Civil Engineers, the American Society of Mechanical Engineers, the American Society of Heating and Ven