superior judge, Del Norte County, since 1903. Delegate from first congressional district of California to the Republican national convention at Philadelphia, 1900. Club, Press (S.F.). Address, Crescent City, Calif.

Chilton, William Edwin, United States senator from West Virginia, was born in Kanawha, March 17, 1858. He was elected to the United States senate February 1, 1911, to succeed Senator Nathan Bay Scott, for a term of six years, beginning March 4, 1911. His term of service will expire March 3, 1917.

Chipman, Norton Parker, lawyer; born Milford Center, Union Co., O., March 7, 1835; son of Norman and Sarah Wilson (Parker) Chipman. Educated public and high schools, Iowa; Washington College, Washington, Ia.; graduated Cincinnati, O., Law School, 1859. Married Mary Isabel Holmes, Jan. 30, 1865. Enlisted in Co. H, 2d Iowa Infantry, April, 1861; served as 2d lieutenant and major; promoted to colonel and adjutant A. D. C. on staff of Major-General Halleck, and assigned to duty as chief of staff to Major-General Samuel R. Curtis, and later transferred to duty at Washington City. Appointed secretary of District of Columbia by President Grant. Elected delegate to congress from that district, 1871, served 2 terms. Appointed commissioner of Supreme court, April, 1907, and served until District Court of Appeals was organized; appointed presiding justice by Gov. Pardee of third district; elected and drew 12-year term. Director Calif. Dev. Bd. Clubs, Union League (S. F.), Sutter (Sacramento). Member Grand Army of the Republic and Loyal Legion. Republican. Residence, 1431 I St. Office, Capitol Bldg., Sacramento, Calif.

Chirhart, Oliver, bank cashier; born Brockway, Minn., Aug. 16, 1875; son of Isador and Mary E. (Thiers) Chirhart; educated in common schools of Stearns County, Minn.; married, Opole, Minn., Sept. 19, 1899, Mary Lahr; four children: Emma, Theresia, Ambrose and Leonard. Taught school seven years in Stearns County; in general merchandise business six years; banking seven years, cashier of Rice State Bank seven years, cashier of Benton County State Bank since May, 1914. Has held various town and municipal offices. Democrat; Catholic. Member Fraternal Order of Eagles. Recreations: Automobiling, fishing. Address Sauk Rapids, Minn.

Chisholm, Archibald M., banker, mine operator; born Alexandria, Ont., 1864; son of Donald Andrew and Catherine Chisholm; removed to St. Paul, Minn., in boyhood and was educated in common schools and business college. Married 1891, Eulalie Cummings. Began business career as clerk in employ of the Weyerhaeuser lumber interests, and this employment brought him into the acquaintance of representatives of mining interests on the Gogebic Range; employed on the Vermilion Range with Captain Joseph Sellwood in 1888; removed to Hibbing, Minn., with Frank Hibbing; located the Susquehanna Mine, 1896, and later the Elizabeth, Philbin and Chisholm Mines, in association with John R. Mitchell of St. Paul, and the present town of Chisholm was built in 1902, when the Chisholm Mine was found. One

of the organizers, secretary and treasurer of Shattuck, Arizona Copper Co. and one of the organizers and a director of the DennArizona Copper Co.; a director of the City National Bank, Duluth, Minn. Formerly president First National Bank, Chisholm, Minn., and vice-president Merchants & Miners State Bank, Hibbing, Minn. Postmaster Hibbing, Minn., 1896-1901. Clubs: Kitchi Gammi, Duluth Commercial, Duluth, and Chevy Chase, Washington. Residence 1832 East 2nd St. Office 603-4, Sellwood Building, Duluth.

Christian, Jones Wesley, farmer; born Lawrence Co., Tenn., Feb. 19, 1838; Swedish and German descent; son of Thomas T. and Maria W. (Biffle) Christian; father's occupation, farmer; paternal grandparents Nathaniel and Margaret (Payton) Christian, maternal grandparents Valentine and Susanna (Lacey) Biffle; received common school education; married F. Robenia Napier, Sept. 14, 1857; served in the Confederate army from 1861 to 1865 as 1st Lieut. in Co. C., 48th Tenn. Regiment, C. S. A.; member Lower House General Assembly of Tenn., one term; Democrat; engaged in farming at Hohenwald, Tenn.; member Cumberland Presbyterian church.

Christy, Lloyd Bennett, banker; born, Osceola, Iowa, Mar. 10, 1868; son, William and Carrie (Bennett) C. B.S., Univ. of Sou. Cal. Married, Mary Emma Culver, Dec. 23, 1897, at Phoenix, Ariz. Cashier, Valley Bank of Phoenix; Treas., Ariz. Fire Ins. Co. Member: Masons, Knights Templar, Shriners, Sigma Chi, Loyal Legion, Sons of Am. Rev., Y. M. C. A. Address: Phoenix, Ariz.

Christy, Will, banker; born Akron, Ohio, Dec. 7, 1859; son of James and Jeannette Christy; educated in Akron High Schools; married, Akron, Ohio, Oct., 1890, Rose Day. President and director Central Savings and Trust Co., Barberton Savings Bank, Akron People's Telephone Co., Hamilton Building Co.; vicepresident and director The Northern Ohio Traction & Light Co., The Firestone Tire and Rubber Co. Republican; Congregationalist. Member Akron Chamber of Commerce and Young Men's Christian Ass'n. Recreation: Golf. Clubs: Portage Conntry (Akron), Country (Cleveland). Residence: 160 Fir St. Office: 236 Hamilton Building, Akron.

Church, Benjamin Franklin, physician; born Texas, 1858; son Benj. Franklin and Mary E. (Sweatman) C. Education common schools; M.D., College of Physician and Surgeons, Baltimore, Md., 1888; resident physician at the Maryland Maternity Hosp.; first assistant physician at the North Texas Hospital for the insane at Terrell, Texas, from 1890 to 1895. Married, Mabel Stuart, 1895, at Lynchburg, Va. Came to Los Angeles in 1898; practiced profession until fall of 1909, thence to Redlands; practice confined to the eye and ear. Ex-president, Austin and Terrell Md. Socs. and the Academy of Medicine of Los Angeles. Former dean and professor of ophthalmology and otology, College of Physicians and Surgeons, Los Angeles. Member: County, State and American Medical Assns., Pacific Coast Ophthalmological and Otological Socs. Honorary member of the Eye and Ear Section of

the Los Angeles County Md. Soc., Scottish Rite Mason, 32d degree. Author of several papers on medical subjects delivered before medical societies. Residence: Fern and Cajon streets; office: 118 Cajon street, Redlands, Cal.

Church, Denver S., United States congressman from the seventh district of California, was born Dec. 11, 1866, in Folsom, Cal. He has been district attorney of Fresno County. He was elected to the sixty-third congress for the term of 1913-15; and resides in Fresno, Cal.

Church, Herbert M., district engineer maintenance of way, Baltimore & Ohio Rd. Office Wheeling, W. Va. Born Nov. 6, 1881, at Indianapolis, Ind. Graduated from Ohio Northern University, 1901. Entered railway service May 25, 1901, since which he has been consecutively, March 1 to July 1, 1902, assistant in engineering corps Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Ry. at Chil. licothe, O.; July 1, 1902, to Feb. 1, 1904, assistant on engineer corps at Washington, Ind.; Feb. 1, 1904, to Sept. 1, 1907, assistant division engineer at Cincinnati, O.; Sept. 1, 1907, to Jan. 1, 1908, assistant engineer maintenance of way; Jan. 1, 1908, to March 1, 1911, division engineer; March 1 to Nov. 10, 1911, assistant engineer operating department at Baltimore, Md.; Nov. 10, 1911, to date, district engineer maintenance of way at Wheeling, W. Va.; entire service with the Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Ry. and Baltimore & Ohio Rd.

Churchill, George A. Heyl, broker, of 15 Broad St., New York City, was born, N.Y. City, Oct. 17, 1869; son John A. and Harriet S. (Heyl) Churchill; educated Charlier Inst.; married, N.Y. City, Nov. 21, 1904, Mary Franklin King; children: George King, Harold Baring. Vice-pres. and sec. Gloucester Mf'g Co., Gloucester, N.J., 1897-1902; mem. brokerage firm C. I. Hudson & Co., 1905-1909; mem. Carpenter & Co., Jan., 1910, to June 30, 1913; mem. N.Y. Stock Exchange, since 1903. Pres. Board of Health of Rumson, N.J. Republican; Episcopalian. Clubs: Seabright Beach, Rumson Country. Residence: Rumson, N.J.

Cilley, John K., banker, retired, residence 1 East 39th St., New York City. Born in Nottingham, N.H., April 13, 1840. Educated in public schools and at Phillips Exeter Academy. (Widower.) Member Union League Club, Loyal Legion, George Washington Post, G. A. R., New England Society.

Claiborne, William Stirling, clergyman and author of Sewanee, Tenn., was born Dec. 11, 1871, in Amherst County, Va. He is a pastor of the Protestant Episcopal Church; and rector of Sewanee since 1900. He is the founder of St. Andrew's Industrial School for Mountain Boys; and founder of St. Mary's on the Mountain Industrial School for Girls. He is the author of "Missionary and His People Among the Mountaineers of the South." Superintendent, Emerald Hodgson Hospital; president Law and Order League. Trustee of the University of the South. Member of the P. K. A. Fraternity.

Clancy, John Richard, United States congressman from the thirty-fifth district of New York, was born March 8, 1859, in Syracuse, N.Y. He is vice-president of the Chamber of Commerce.

He was elected to the sixty-third congress for the term of 191315; and resides in Syracuse, N.Y.

Clapp, Cornelia Maria, Mount Holyoke College, South Hadley, Mass., was born, Montague, Mass., March 17, 1849. Ph.B., Syracuse, 1888; Ph.D., Chicago, 1896. Prof. zool., Mt. Holyoke, 1873-. On staff, Woods Hole, 1896-00, trustee, 1897-01. F.A.A.; Soc. Zool; Asst. Anat. Lateral line system of Batrachus (Opsanus) tau; embryology of Batrachus tau; relation of the axis of the embryo to the first cleavage plane.

Clapp, Frederick Gardner, of 331 Fourth Ave., Pittsburgh, Pa., was born, Boston, Mass., July 20, '79. B.S., Mass. Inst. Tech., '01. Instr. geol., Mass Inst. Tech., '01-'02; asst. geologist, U. S. Geol. Surv., '02-'08; consulting geol, engineer, '08-. F.A.A.; Geol. Soc.; Min. Eng.; Nat. Geog. Soc.; W. Pa. Eng. Soc.; Wash. Geol. Soc. Stratigraphic, areal, glacial and economic geology; physiography; geography; geo-hydrology; water supplies; petroleum; natural gas; coal; clays.-Underground waters; water supply; oil, gas and coal.

Clapp, Moses Edwin, United States senator from Minnesota, was born May 21, 1851, in Delphi, Ind. He was reared and educated in Wisconsin; and removed to Minnesota in 1881. In 1886-92 he was attorney-general for the state of Minnesota. In 1901-03 he was a member of the United States Senate; and is now serving the term ending in 1917; and resides in St. Paul, Minn.

Clark, Arthur Henry, publisher of Caxton Building, Cleveland, Ohio, was born Dec. 20, 1868, in London, England. Is a graduate of the University of Oxford, England. He is president of the Arthur H. Clark Company; director of The American Commercial Company, the Cleveland Laboratory and trustee of Knollwood Cemetery. Member of the Cleveland Chamber of Commerce, Cleveland Athletic Club, American Historical Association and the American Library Association. Publisher of some of the most extensive historical works issued in this country.

Clark, Bertha M., William Penn High School, Philadelphia, Pa., was born, Baltimore, Md., May 3, '77. A.B., Goucher, '00, Alumnae Ass. fellow, '03-'04, Southern Women Ass. fellow, '04'05; fellow, Pennsylvania, '05-'07, Ph.D., '07. Instr. physics, Goucher, '01-'03; director science, high sch., Phila., '07- M.A.A.; assoc. Physical Soc. Physics; physical chemistry.

Clark, Champ, congressman, was born March 7, 1850, near Lawrenceburg, Ky. He became president of the Marshall College of Huntington, W.Va. He has been city attorney for Louisiana and Bowling Green, Mo.; prosecuting attorney of Pike County, Mo.; and he has served as special judge of the Louisiana (Mo.) Court of Common Pleas. He was a member of the fiftythird, fifty-fifth, fifty-sixth, fifty-seventh, fifty-eighth, fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first and sixty-second congresses. He was reelected to the sixty-third congress from the ninth district of Missouri for the term of 1913-15; and resides in Bowling Green, Mo.

Clark, Clarence Don, United States senator from Wyoming, was born April 16, 1851, in Sandy Creek, N.Y. He was prosecuting attorney for Uinta county four years, and was appointed

associate justice of the territory of Wyoming in 1890, but declined the office. Upon the admission of Wyoming as a state he was elected to the fifty-second congress. Since 1895 he has been a member of the United States Senate, and is now serying the term of 1911-17; and resides in Evanston, Wyo.

Clark, E. M., minority leader in the last four sessions of the house of Representatives of the Legislature of Oklahoma, was born in 1856 in Huntsburg, Ohio. He received the rudiments of his education in the public schools; attended Farmington academy of Ohio; and the Wesleyan College of Bloomington, Ill. He is a successful lawyer of Pawnee, Okla.; and is prominently mentioned at this time for state senator from his district. He styles himself a progressive republican, but not an insurgent.

Clark, Edward B., banker, farmer; born Golconda, Aug. 4, 1866; son of Thomas H. and Anna (Jameson) Clark; educated in Lake Forest Univ.; married, Golconda, 1890, Mary Young; two children. Started in banking business as a janitor, 1882, president of bank since 1906. Lives on 640-acre farm, and is engaged in raising pure bred Hereford cattle, and mules. President and director Pope County State Bank, also various small corporations and enterprises. Republican: Presbyterian. Knights of Pythias, Modern Woodman. Recreations: Farming, stock raising. Address: Golconda.

Clark, Eli P., Capitalist; born near Iowa City, Ia., Nov. 25, 1847; son, Timothy B. and Elvira E. (Calkins) C. Edu.: public schools, Grinnell, Ia.; Iowa College, Grinnell. Married, Lucy H. Sherman (sister of M. H. Sherman), Apr. 8, 1880, at Prescott, Ariz. Taught school at 18 years of age. Postmaster at Prescott, 1 year. Territorial Auditor for Ariz., 1877-87; helped to secure passage of bill by Legis. granting subsidy of $4,000 per mile for railroad from Prescott to connect with A. & P. Ry. at Seligman, 1885; assisted in organizing and was elected Secy. and Treas., Ariz. Central R.R. (now S. F. P. & P. Ry.). Moved to Los Angeles, 1891. Vice-pres. and Mgr., L. A. Consolidated Elec. Ry. (now L. A. Ry.); constructed Pasadena & L. A. Elec. Interurban Ry., 1894 (the beginning of the Pac. Elec.). Rebuilt line between Santa Monica and Los Angeles, 1896; pres. and mgr. of Los Angeles Pacific Railway until 1909. Pres., Mt. Hood Ry. & Power Co., Clark & Sherman Land Co.; Vice-pres., Main St. Co. Clubs: California, University, L. A. Country. Pres. Bd. of Trustees, 1st Congregational Church; Pres., Congregational Union. Member: Board, Y. M. C. A., Board of Trustees, Pomona College. Res.: 9 St. James Park; Office: Consolidated Realty bldg., Los Angeles.

Clark, Frank, congressman, was born March 28, 1860, in Eufaula, Ala. He was assistant United States attorney for the southern district of Florida, and was chairman of the democratic committee. He was elected to the fifty-ninth, sixtieth, sixty-first and sixty-second congresses. He was re-elected to the sixty-third congress from the second district of Florida for the term of 191315; and resides in Gainesville, Fla.