(d) "Plastron" means the ventral part of the shell of a sea turtle consisting typically of nine symmetrically placed bones overlaid by horny plates; and

(e) "Sea turtle(s)" means those sea turtle species enumerated in § 227.4 and any part(s), product(s), egg(s) or offspring thereof, or the dead body or part(s) thereof.

§ 227.4 Enumeration of threatened species.

The species listed as threatened under the Act which are under the jurisdiction of the Secretary of Com

merce are:

sea turtle

(Chelonia

(a) Green mydas) except for those populations listed under 50 CFR 222.23(a).1

(b) Loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta ).1

(c) Pacific ridley sea turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea) except for those populations listed under 50 CFR 222.23(a).1 The effective date of the listing of the species in paragraphs (a), (b), and (c) of this section is September 6, 1978. [43 FR 32809, July 18, 1978, as amended at 45 FR 29055, May 1, 1980]

Subpart B-Threatened Marine Mammals [Reserved]

Subpart C-Threatened Marine Fish [Reserved]

Subpart D-Threatened Marine Reptiles

§ 227.71 Prohibitions.

Except as provided in § 227.72 it is unlawful for any person subject to the jurisdiction of the United States to commit, to attempt to commit, to solicit another to commit or to cause to be committed in any of the following acts with respect to any species enumerated in § 227.4:

'Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Marine Fisheries Service, jurisdiction for sea turtles is limited to turtles while in the water.

(a) Import any such species into, or export any such species from, the United States;

(b) Take any such species within the United States or the territorial sea of the United States;

(c) Take any such species upon the high seas;

(d) Possess, sell, deliver, carry, transport, or ship by any means whatsoever, any such species taken in violation of the prohibitions in paragraphs (b) and (c) of this section;

(e) Deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in foreign commerce by any means whatsoever, and in the course of a commercial activity, any such species;

(f) Sell, or offer for sale, in foreign commerce any such species;

(g) Deliver, receive, carry, transport, or ship in interstate commerce, by any means whatsoever, and in the course of commercial activity; provided that this paragraph (g) shall not apply to any such species taken prior to the effective date of the listing of the species for 1 year after such listing; or

(h) Sell, or offer for sale, in interstate commerce any such species; provided that this paragraph (h) shall not apply to any such species taken prior to the effective date of the listing of the species for 1 year after such listing.

§ 227.72 Exceptions to prohibitions.

(a) Scientific, propagation, or survival permits. (1) The Assistant Administrator may issue permits authorizing activities which would otherwise be prohibited under § 227.71 for scientific purposes or to enhance the propagation or survival of such species. Applications for these permits are subject to the provisions of Part 220 of this Chapter II.

(2) Ongoing scientific, propagation, or survival projects, which would otherwise be prohibited by § 227.71 may continue without a permit until an application for a permit has been denied or 90 days from the effective date of the listing of the effected species, whichever comes first. If a permit has not been denied, ongoing projects may continue beyond this 90-day period provided that the individual responsi

ble for such project(s) has applied for a permit and receives a letter from the Assistant Administrator stating that the application is complete and sufficient for processing within the 90-day period. Projects not receiving a permit or letter indicating sufficiency by the 90th day must cease. Within 30 days of receipt of an application, the Assistant Administrator will determine the completeness and sufficiency of the application for processing. If an application is deemed complete and sufficient for processing, a permit will be issued or denied within the next 90 days beginning with the date of the letter informing the applicant that the application is sufficient. Approved projects shall continue in accordance with the conditions of the permit.

(b) Permits for zoological exhibition or educational purposes. The Assistant Administrator may issue permits authorizing activities which would be otherwise prohibited under § 227.71 for zoological exhibition or educational purposes. Applications for these permits are subject to the provisions of Part 220 of this Chapter II.

(c) Exceptions for injured, dead, or stranded specimens. If any member of any threatened species listed in § 227.4 is found injured, dead, or stranded, any agent or employee of the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, the U.S. Coast Guard, or any other Federal land or water management agency, or any agent or employee of a State agency responsible for fish and wildlife who is designated by his or her agency for such purposes, may, when acting in the course of his or her official duties, take such specimens without a permit if such taking is necessary to aid a sick, injured, or stranded specimen or dispose of a dead specimen or salvage a dead specimen which may be useful for scientific study. Wherever possible, live specimens shall be returned to their aquatic environment as soon as possible. Every action shall be reported in writing to the Assistant Administrator within 30 days, and reports of further occurrence shall be made as deemed appropriate by the Assistant Administrator until the specimen is either returned to its environment or disposed of. Reports shall be mailed by

(6) Disposition of the specimen(s), including, where the specimen(s) has been retained in captivity, a description of the place and means of confinement, and the measures taken for its maintenance and care; and

(7) Such other information as the Assistant Administrator may require.

(d) Exception for research or conservation. Any employee or agent of the National Marine Fisheries Service, the Fish and Wildlife Service, or a State fish and wildlife agency operating a conservation program pursuant to the terms of a Cooperative Agreement with the National Marine Fisheries Service or the Fish and Wildlife Service in accordance with section 6(c) of the Act, designated by his or her agency for such purposes, may, when acting in the course of his or her official duties, take any threatened species to carry out scientific research or conservation programs. All such takings shall be reported within 30 days of the taking to the Assistant Administrator who may request additional reports of the taking and research at his discretion.

(e) Exception for incidental taking— (1) General. Except as provided in paragraphs (e)(2) and (e)(3) of this section, the incidental taking of any member of any species listed in § 227.4 during fishing or scientific research activities not directed toward such members of such species is allowed under the following conditions:

(i) Any specimen so taken must be handled with due care to prevent injury to live specimens, observed for activity, and returned to the water according to the following procedures:

(A) Sea turtles that are dead or actively moving must be released over

the stern of the boat. In addition, they must be released only when trawls are not in use, when the engine gears are in neutral position, and in areas where they are unlikely to be recaptured or injured by vessels.

(B) Resuscitation must be attempted on sea turtles that are comatose or inactive but not dead by:

(1) Placing the turtle on its back (carapace) and pumping its breastplate (plastron) with hand or foot, or (2) Placing the turtle on its breastplate (plastron) and elevating its hindquarter several inches for a period of one up to twenty-four hours. The amount of elevation depends on the size of the turtle; greater elevations are needed for larger turtles.

Sea turtles being resuscitated must be shaded and kept wet or moist. Those that revive and become active must be released over the stern of the boat only when trawls are not in use, when the engine gears are in neutral position, and in areas where they are unlikely to be recaptured or injured by vessels. Similarly, sea turtles that fail to move within several hours (up to twenty-four if possible) must be returned to the water in the same

manner.

(ii) Any specimen so taken must not be consumed, sold, landed, offloaded, transshipped, or kept below deck.

(2) Restricted fishing areas. [Reserved]

(3) Gear. [Reserved]

(f) Subsistence. The prohibition in § 227.71(b) shall not apply with respect to the taking of any member of the species of green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas) in waters seaward of mean low tide for personal consumption by residents of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands if such taking is customary, traditional and necessary for the sustenance of such resident and his immediate family. Sea turtles so taken cannot be transferred to non-residents or sold.

[43 FR 32809, July 28, 1978, as amended at 46 FR 43977, Sept. 2, 1981]

The regulations in this part implement section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, as amended, 16 U.S.C. 1371(a)(5), Pub. L. 97-58, which provides a mechanism for allowing, upon request, during periods of not more than five consecutive years each, the incidental, but not intentional, taking of small numbers of non-depleted marine mammals by U.S citizens who engage in a specified activity (other than commercial fishing) within a specified geographical region.

§ 228.2 Scope.

The taking of small numbers of marine mammals under section 101(a)(5) of the Marine Mammal Protection Act may be allowed only if the species involved are not depleted and if the National Marine Fisheries Service (a) finds that the total taking during the specified time period will have a negligible impact on the species and their habitat, and on the availability of the species for subsistence uses; (b) prescribes regulations setting forth permissible methods of taking and

In addition to definitions contained in the Act and in 50 CFR 216.3 and unless the context otherwise requires, in this Part 228:

"Citizens of the United States" and "U.S. citizens" mean individual U.S. citizens or any partnership, corporation, association, or similar entity if it is organized under the laws of the United States or any governmental unit defined in 16 U.S.C. 1362(13) and controlled by individuals who are U.S. citizens. U.S. Federal, State and local government agencies shall also constitute citizens of the United States for purposes of this part.

"Incidental, but not

intentional,

taking" means accidental taking. It does not mean that the taking is unexpected, but rather it includes those takings which are infrequent, unavoidable or accidental. (Complete definition of take is contained in 50 CFR 216.3).

"Negligible

impact" means an impact which can be disregarded or which is so small, unimportant, or of so little consequence as to warrant little or no attention. A finding of negligible impact cannot be made if a species or stock is depleted under 16 U.S.C. 1362(1).

"Small numbers" means a portion of a marine mammal species or stock whose taking would have a negligible impact on that species or stock.

"Specified activity" means any activity, other than commercial fishing, which takes place in a specified geographical region and potentially involves the taking of small numbers of non-depleted marine mammals. The specified activity and specified geographical region should be identified so that the anticipated effects on non

§ 228.4 Submission of requests.

(a) In order for the National Marine Fisheries Service to consider allowing the taking by U.S. citizens of small numbers of non-depleted marine mammals incidental to a specified activity, a written request must be submitted to the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, DC 20235. Requests shall include the following information on the activity in general and cumulative impacts of the total potential taking (by all persons conducting the activity):

(1) A description of the specific activity or class of activities that can be expected to result in incidental taking of non-depleted marine mammals;

(2) The dates and duration of such activity and the specific geographical region where it will occur;

of

(3) The species and numbers marine mammals likely to be taken by age, sex and reproductive condition, and the type of taking (e.g., disturbance by sound, injury or death resulting from collision, etc.) and the number of times such taking is likely to occur;

(4) A description of the status, distribution, and seasonal distribution (when applicable) of the affected species or stocks likely to be affected by such activities;

(5) The anticipated impact of the activity upon the species or stocks;

(6) The anticipated impact of the activity on the availability of the species or stocks for subsistence uses;

(7) The anticipated impact of the activity upon the habitat of the marine mannal populations, and the likelihood of restoration of the affected habitat;

(8) The anticipated impact of the loss or modification of the habitat on the marine mammal populations involved;

(9) The availability and feasibility (economic and technological) of equipment, methods, and manner of conducting such activity or other means of effecting the least practicable adverse impact upon the affected species or stocks, their habitat, and on their availability for subsistence uses, paying particular attention to rookeries, mating grounds, and areas of similar significance;

(10) Suggested means of accomplishing the necessary monitoring and reporting which will result in increased knowledge of the species, level of taking or impacts and suggested means of minimizing burdens by coordinating such reporting requirements with other schemes already applicable to persons conducting such activity; and

(11) Suggested means of learning of, encouraging, and coordinating research opportunities, plans, and activities relating to reducing such incidental taking and evaluating its effects.

(b) The Assistant Administrator shall determine the adequacy and completeness of a request, and if found to be adequate, will invite information, suggestions, and comments through notice in the FEDERAL REGISTER, newspapers of general circulation, and appropriate electronic media in the coastal areas that may be affected by such activity. All information and suggestions will be considered by the National Marine Fisheries Service in developing, if appropriate, the most effective regulations.

(c) The Assistant Administrator shall evaluate each request to determine, based on the best available scientific evidence, whether the total taking constitutes a negligible impact on the species or stocks of marine mammals, their habitat, and on the availability of the species for subsistence uses. Any preliminary finding of negligible impact shall be proposed for public comment before specific regulations are promulgated.

§ 228.5 Specific regulations.

(a) Specific regulations will be established for each allowed activity which set forth permissible methods of taking and requirements for monitoring and reporting.

(b) Regulations will be established based on the best available information. As new information is developed, through monitoring, reporting or research, the regulations may be modified, in whole or part, after notice and opportunity for public review.

§ 228.6 Letters of authorization.

(a) A Letter of Authorization, which may be issued only to U.S. citizens, is required to conduct activities pursuant to any regulations established. Requests for Letters of Authorization shall be submitted to the Assistant Administrator for Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service, Washington, DC 20235. The information to be submitted in a request may be obtained by writing the Assistant Administrator.

(b) Issuance of a Letter of Authorization will be based on a determination that the level of taking will be consistent with the finding that the total of such taking will have a negligible impact on the marine mammal species or stocks and their habitat, and on the availability of the species for subsistence uses.

(c) Notice of issuance of all Letters of Authorization will be published in the FEDERAL REGISTER within 30 days of issuance.

(d) Letters of Authorization will specify the period of validity and any additional terms and conditions appropriate for the specific request.

(e) Letters of Authorization shall be withdrawn or suspended, either on an individual or class basis, as appropriate, if, after notice and opportunity for public comment, the National Marine Fisheries Service determines that (1) the regulations prescribed are not being substantially complied with, or (2) the taking allowed is having, or may have, more than a negligible impact on the species or stocks concerned, their habitat, or on their availability for subsistence uses.

(f) The requirement for notice and opportunity for public review in § 228.6(e) shall not apply if the National Marine Fisheries Service determines that an emergency exists which poses a significant risk to the well