"Act" means the Marine Mammal Protection Act of 1972, 86 Stat. 1027, 16 U.S.C. 1361-1407, Pub. L. 92-522.

"Alaskan Native" means a person defined in the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act (43 U.S.C. 1602(b)) (85 Stat. 588) as a citizen of the United States who is of one-fourth degree or more Alaska Indian (including Tsimishian Indians enrolled or not enrolled in the Metlaktla Indian Community), Eskimo, or Aleut blood or combination thereof. The term includes any Native, as so defined, either or both of whose adoptive parents are not Natives. It also includes, in the absence of proof of a minimum blood quantum, any citizen of the United States who is regarded as an Alaska Native by the Native village or group, of which he claims to be a member and whose father or mother is (or, if deceased, was) regarded as Native by any Native village or Native group. Any such citizen enrolled by the Secretary of the Interior pursuant to section 5 of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act shall be conclusively presumed to be an Alaskan Native for purposes of this part.

"Authentic native articles of handicrafts and clothing" means items made by an Indian, Aleut or Eskimo which (a) were commonly produced on or before December 21, 1972, and (b) are composed wholly or in some significant respect of natural materials, and (c) are significantly altered from their natural form and which are produced, decorated, or fashioned in the exercise of traditional native handicrafts without the use of pantographs, multiple carvers, or similar mass copying devices. Improved methods of production utilizing modern implements such as sewing machines or modern tanning techniques at a tannery registered pursuant to § 216.23(c) may be used so long as no large scale mass production industry results. Traditional native handicrafts include, but are not limited to, weaving, carving, stitching, sewing, lacing, beading, drawing, and painting. The formation of traditional native groups, such as a cooperative, is permitted so long as no large scale mass production results.

"Commercial fishing operation" means the lawful harvesting of fish

from the marine environment for profit as part of an on-going business enterprise. Such term shall not include sport fishing activities whether or not carried out by charter boat or otherwise, and whether or not the fish so caught are subsequently sold.

"Endangered Species" means a species or subspecies of marine mammal listed as "endangered” pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 884, Pub. L. 93-205 (see Part 17 of this title).

"Incidental catch" means the taking of a marine mammal (1) because it is directly interfering with commercial fishing operations, or (2) as a consequence of the steps used to secure the fish in connection with commercial fishing operations: Provided, That a marine mammal so taken must immediately be returned to the sea with a minimum of injury and further, that the taking of a marine mammal, which otherwise meets the requirements of this definition shall not be considered an incidental catch of that mammal if it is used subsequently to assist in commercial fishing operations.

"Marine environment” means the oceans and the seas, including estuarine and brackish waters.

"Marine mammal" means those specimens of the following orders, which are morphologically adapted to the marine environment, whether alive or dead, and any part thereof, including but not limited to, any raw, dressed or dyed fur or skin: Cetacea (whales and porpoises), Pinnipedia, other than walrus (seals and sea lions). "Native village or town" means any community, association, tribe, band, clan or group.

“Optimum sustainable population” is a population size which falls within a range from the population level of a given species or stock which is the largest supportable within the ecosystem to the population level that results in maximum net productivity. Maximum net productivity is the greatest net annual increment in population numbers or biomass resulting from additions to the population due to reproduction and/or growth less losses due to natural mortality.

"Pregnant" means pregnant near

term.

""Secretary" shall mean the Secretary of Commerce or his authorized representative.

"Subsistence" means the use of marine mammals taken by Alaskan Natives for food, clothing, shelter, heating, transportation, and other uses necessary to maintain the life of the taker or those who depend upon the taker to provide them with such subsistence.

"Take" means to harass, hunt, capture, collect, or kill, or attempt to harass, hunt, capture, collect, or kill, any marine mammal, including, without limitation, any of the following: The collection of dead animals, or parts thereof; the restraint or detention of a marine mammal, no matter how temporary; tagging a marine mammal; or the negligent or intentional operation of an aircraft or vessel, or the doing of any other negligent or intentional acts which result in the disturbing or molesting of a marine mammal.

"Threatened species" means a species of marine mammal listed as "threatened" pursuant to the Endangered Species Act of 1973, 87 Stat. 884, Pub. L. 93-205.

"Wasteful manner" means any taking or method of taking which is likely to result in the killing of marine mammals beyond those needed for subsistence or for the making of authentic native articles of handicrafts and clothing or which results in the waste of a substantial portion of the marine mammal and includes, without limitation, the employment of a method of taking which is not likely to assure the capture or killing of a marine mammal, or which is not immediately followed by a reasonable effort to retrieve the marine mammal. [39 FR 1852, Jan. 15, 1974, as amended at 41 FR 55536, Dec. 21, 1976]

§ 216.4 Other laws and regulations.

(a) Federal. Nothing in this part, nor any permit issued under authority of this part, shall be construed to relieve a person from any other requirements imposed by a statute or regulation of the United States, including any applicable statutes or regulations relating to wildlife and fisheries, health, quarantine, agriculture, or customs.

(b) State laws or regulations. See Subpart H of this part.

(1) Purport to authorize a State to issue permits in situations which would require a Federal permit under the Act unless and until appropriate Federal regulations have been issued under section 103 of the Act, and where appropriate, the Secretary has waived the moratorium on such taking or importation under section 101(a)(3) of the Act; or

(2) Purport to authorize a State to issue permits for scientific research or for public display (except that a State may, under authority of a general scientific research permit granted by the Secretary to it, assign individual scientific research permits to State employees or representatives of State universities or other State agencies, subject to the provisions of the general permit); or

(3) Purport to authorize the State to grant exemptions from the Act on the grounds of economic hardship.

(c) Any State may obtain a review and determination of its existing laws and regulations from the Secretary by submitting a written request to that effect to the Director, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20235, accompanied by the following documents, unless otherwise specified by the Secretary:

(1) A complete set of laws and regulations to be reviewed, certified as complete, true and correct, by the appropriate State official;

(2) A scientific description by species and population stock of the marine mammals to be subjected to such laws and regulations;

(3) A description of the organization staffing and funding for the administration and enforcement of the laws and regulations to be reviewed;

(4) A description where such laws and regulations provide for discretionary authority on the part of State officials to issue permits, of the procedures to be used in granting or withholding such permits and otherwise enforcing such laws; and

(5) Such other materials and information as the Secretary may request or which the State may deem necessary or advisable to demonstrate the

compatibility of such laws and regulations with the policy and purposes of the Act and the rules and regulations issued thereunder.

(d) In making a determination with respect to any State laws and regulations, the Secretary shall take into account:

(1) Whether such laws and regulations are consistent with the purposes and policies of the Act and the rules and regulations issued thereunder;

(2) The extent to which such laws and regulations are consistent with, or constitute an integrated management or protection program with, the laws and regulations of other jurisdictions whose activities may affect the same species or stocks or marine mammals; and

(3) The existence of or preparations for an overall State program regarding the protection and management of marine mammals to which the laws and regulations under review relate.

(e) To assist States in preparing laws and regulations relating to marine mammals, the Secretary will also, at the written request of any State, make a preliminary review of any such proposed laws or regulations. Such review will be strictly advisory in nature and shall not be binding upon the Secretary. Upon adoption of previously reviewed laws and regulations, the same shall be subject to a complete review for a final determination pursuant to these regulations. To be considered for preliminary review, all legislative and regulatory proposals must be forwarded to the Director, National Marine Fisheries Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Washington, DC 20235, and certified by the appropriate State official. In addition, they shall be accompanied to the extent available with the same materials required under paragraph (b) of this section, unless otherwise provided by the Secretary.

(f) All determinations by the Secretary (other than as a result of preliminary reviews of proposed laws and regulations) shall be final and binding on the parties.

(g) The implementation and enforcement of all State laws and regulations previously approved by the Secretary pursuant to this section shall be sub

ject to continuous monitoring and review by the Secretary pursuant to such rules and regulations as he may adopt. Any modifications, amendments, deletions or additions to laws or regulations previously approved shall be deemed to be new laws and regulations for the purposes of these regulations and shall require review and approval by the Secretary before their adoption.

(h) Notwithstanding the foregoing, nothing herein shall prevent (1) the taking of a marine mammal by a State or local government official pursuant to § 216.22 of the regulations in this part, or (2) the adoption or enforcement of any law or regulation relating to any marine mammal taken or imported prior to the effective date of the Act.

[39 FR 1852, Jan. 15, 1974, as amended at 41 FR 36662, Aug. 31, 1976]

§ 216.5 Payment of penalty.

The respondent shall have 30 days from receipt of the final assessment decision within which to pay the penalty assessed. Upon a failure to pay the penalty, the Secretary may request the Attorney General to institute a civil action in the appropriate United States District Court to collect the penalty.

[39 FR 1852, Jan. 15, 1974. Redesignated at 46 FR 61652, Dec. 18, 1981]

§ 216.6 Forfeiture and return of seized

property.

(a) Whenever any cargo or marine mammal or marine mammal product has been seized pursuant to section 107 of the Act, the Secretary shall expedite any proceedings commenced under these regulations.

(b) Whenever a civil penalty has been assessed by the Secretary under these regulations, any cargo, marine mammal, or marine mammal product seized pursuant to section 107 of the Act shall be subject to forfeiture. If respondent voluntarily forfeits any such seized property or the monetary value thereof without court proceedings, the Secretary may apply the value thereof, if any, as determined by the Secretary, toward payment of the civil penalty.