A Comparative Grammar of the Sanscrit, Zend, Greek, Latin, Lithuanian, Gothic, German and Sclavonic Languages, Part 2 |
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Common terms and phrases
abbreviation according accusative adverbs analogy answers aorist formation appears augment auxiliary verb belongs Carniolan cognate languages combination compound conjugation conjunctive vowel consonant contraction corresponds corruption dative declension demonstrative base derivation diphthong dual ending euphonic expression feminine future genitive Gothic Greek Grimm Guna hence identical imperative imperfect interrogative Latin latter lengthened Lithuanian locative lost masculine meaning medial middle Middle High German modal nasal neuter nominative numbers occurs Old High German OLD SCLAV Old Sclavonic original participle particle passive perfect periphrasis personal terminations Prakrit precative preceding prefix preposition present preserved pronominal base pronoun radical consonant radical vowel recognise reduplicated preterite regard relation remarked retained Sanscrit and Zend scrit second person plural secondary forms sibilant signifies sound special tenses stands subjunctive suffix suppression syllable of reduplication syllable of repetition tenth class theme third person third person plural third person singular thou tion tive Vend verb substantive Vocalismus weakened whence word
Popular passages
Page 689 - SaK-va-p.ev, between the base and the personal termination. 495. It is hardly possible to state any thing satisfactory regarding the origin of these syllables. It appears to me most probable that the majority of them are pronouns, through which the action or quality, which is expressed in the root in abstracto, becomes something concrete ; eg the expression of the idea " to love " becomes the expression of the person,
Page 712 - Sanscrit; for they themselves shew it by their forms, which, in part, are but very little changed. But that which remained for philology to do, and which I have endeavoured to the utmost of my ability to effect, was to trace, on one hand, the resemblances into the most retired corner of the construction of...
Page 507 - ... the former as singular, the latter as plural accusative. 360. We turn to a pronominal base consisting of a simple vowel, viz. i, which, in Latin and German, expresses the idea " he," and in Sanscrit and Zend signifies
Page 712 - ... greater or less discrepancies to laws through which they became possible or necessary. It is, however, of itself evident, that there may exist languages, which, in the interval of thousands of years in which they have been separated from the sources whence they arose, have, in a great measure, so altered the forms of words, that it is no longer practicable to refer them to the mother dialect, if it be still existing and known.
Page 746 - ... fuam, has been expressed for the first time in my System of Conjugation. If it is in general admitted, that grammatical forms may possibly arise through composition, then certainly nothing is more natural than, in the conjugation of attributive verbs, to expect the introduction of the verb substantive...
Page 791 - That which, in Old Sclavonic, has become a rule in the first person of the three numbers, viz. the gutturalization of an original s, may have occasionally taken place in Greek, but carried throughout all the numbers.
Page 518 - I regard the base ^nr ana, which likewise enters into the declension of idam as the combination of ^r a with another demonstrative base, which does not occur in Zend and Sanscrit in isolated use, but perhaps in Pali, in several oblique cases of the three genders* in the plural, also in the nominative, and in that of the neuter singular, which, like the masculine accusative, is...