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cent. in addition, shall be collected from such person by an action brought by the corporation counsel in the name of the city of Troy, and this shall be in addition to the other penalties provided in this ordinance.

The owner of all buildings mentioned in this section shall have scuttles on the roofs, and shall cause to be constructed and maintained stationary iron stairs or ladders leading to said scuttles, which scuttles and stairs shall be kept ready for use at all times.

Utica.

BUILDING CODE OF 1910.

Section 50. * * *

Every building now erected or that may be hereafter erected in the city limits, three stories or more in height, not including the basement, used for a hospital, asylum or institution for the care, housing or treatment of individuals, shall have a fire escape.

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§ 51. Each fire escape shall connect with each floor above the ground floor and shall be of sufficient strength, well fastened and secured, and shall have landings or balconies not less than six feet in length and three feet in width, guarded by iron railings not less than three feet in height, and connected with the interior by easily accessible and unobstructed openings.

The balconies or landings shall be connected by iron stairs not less than eighteen inches wide, with steps of not less than six inches tread, placed at a slant not exceeding 45 degrees and protected by a well secured handrail on both sides and shall have a drop ladder not less than twelve inches wide reaching from the lower platform. to the ground. The doors or openings to the landing of the balcony of each fire escape shall be of sufficient size and located as far as possible consistent with accessibility from the stairways and elevator hatchways or openings, and a ladder, from such fire escape shall extend to the roof.

§ 52. The superintendent may order fire escapes in accordance with the provisions of section 55.

Any other plan or style of fire escape shall be sufficient in

accordance with the provisions of section 51, if approved in writing by the superintendent. If there is no fire escape, or the fire escape in use is not approved by the superintendent of buildings, such superintendent of buildings may be a written order served upon the owner, proprietor or lessee of any such building, or the agent or superintendent thereof, or either of them, require one or more fire escapes to be provided therefor at such locations and of such plan and style as shall be specified in such order. Within twenty days after the service of such order, the number of fire escapes required therein shall be provided, each of which shall be of the plan and style specified in the order, or of the plan and style described in the preceding section.

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§ 54. If any person, firm or corporation shall neglect or refuse to construct suitable fire escapes and other means of egress in case of fire, as directed or required by the superintendent of buildings, the said superintendent shall cause such fire escapes and means of egress to be constructed and the expense thereof and 10 per centum in addition shall be collected from and payable by the person, firm or corporation so neglecting or refusing to construct such fire escapes and means of egress.

§ 55. The owner or occupants of any building upon which fire escapes are now or hereafter may be placed or erected, shall keep said fire escapes in good repair and well painted, and no person shall at any time place any incumbrance of any kind whatsoever before or upon any such fire escape.

§ 56. Every building except churches and private dwellings and buildings not within twenty-five feet of an adjoining building now or hereafter erected in the fire limits of the city, shall have fire proof doors, blinds or shutters hung to wrought iron eyes built into the wall on every exterior window and opening above the first story, excepting on the front openings of buildings fronting on any street or streets, or metal frames and sashes glazed with wire glass.

§ 57. The said doors, blinds or shutters shall be of standard construction, that is, constructed of pine or other soft wood of two or three thicknesses, depending on size, of matched boards clinch nailed at right angles or placed diagonally with each other and

securely covered with tin on both sides and edges with folded lapped joints, the nails for same being driven inside the lap; the hinges and bolts or latches shall be secured to the door or shutter by nuts and washers on the opposite side after the same has been covered with tin and such door or shutter shall be hung upon wrought iron eyes or hinges fastened to the masonry independent of the wood work or openings.

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hospital or asylum, or any place shall be provided with suit

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able fire escapes or exits. All such exits shall be plainly marked "Exit" and numbered with letters and figures at least six inches in length, and all such exits in places of assembly shall be further marked by the presence of a red light which shall be kept burning at all times whenever there is any assemblage of persons in the building, and there is not sufficient light from without to clearly disclose the location of each exit from all parts of the floor upon which such exit may be, and a diagram of the place of assembly, showing the exact location of all the fire escapes and exits and designating how and where each exit and fire escape leads to the street shall be printed upon each and every program used in said place of assembly. All such exits and fire escapes shall be provided with doors opening outwards which shall always be unlocked throughout each and every time of any assemblage of persons in such building. All such fire escapes heretofore mentioned shall be constructed of iron, with suitable balconies at each point of exit from the building and stairs of suitable width to allow the speedy egress from the building. Whether or not such fire escapes and exits, balconies and stairs, shall be suitable and sufficient, shall be determined by the Board of Public Safety.

The owner of any building upon which fire escapes may now be, or may hereafter be erected, shall keep the same in good repair, and no person shall at any time place any obstruction of any kind whatever before or upon any fire escape from any building in said

city.

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And every factory, mill, manufactory or workshop, hospital, asylum or institution for the care or treatment of individuals, And every building three stories and over in height used or occupied as a store or workshop,

And every building in whole or in part occupied or used as a school or place of instruction or assembly,

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Shall be provided with such good and sufficient fire-escapes, stairways, or other means of egress in case of fire as shall be directed by the Building Inspector.

The owner or owners of any building upon which a fire-escape is erected shall keep the same in good repair and properly painted. Fire-escapes may project into the public highway to a distance not greater than four feet beyond the building line.

The stairways shall be placed at an angle of not more than sixty degrees, with steps not less than six inches in width and twenty inches in length, and with a rise of not more than nine inches.

The balcony on the top floor, except in case of a front fireescape, shall be provided with a goose-neck ladder leading from said balcony to and above the roof.

The following cities have no specific local ordinances relating to fire protection, so far as ascertained: Amsterdam, Cohoes, Corning, Fulton, Glens Falls, Hornell, Hudson, Ithaca, Jamestown, Johnstown, Lackawanna, Little Falls, Newburgh, New Rochelle, Niagara Falls, North Tonawanda, Ogdensburg, Oneida, Oneonta, Oswego, Port Jervis, Poughkeepsie, Rensselaer, Rome, Schenectady, Tonawanda and Watervliet.

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS OF THE STATE

BOARD OF CHARITIES.

By-Laws of the State Board of Charities.
(As amended January 14, 1914.)

I. On the Meetings of the Board.

1. Stated meetings of the Board shall be held on the second Wednesday in January, April, July and October, and unless otherwise ordered by the Board, at 3 o'clock p. m.

2. All stated meetings of the Board shall be held at the office of the Board at the Capitol in the city of Albany, unless otherwise specially ordered by the Board.

3. The Board, or the President, may direct special meetings to be called.

4. The President shall direct a special meeting to be called on the written request of two Commissioners stating the particular purpose for which the meeting is desired.

5. Notice of meeting shall be given by mailing the notice to each Commissioner at his last known place of address, and when practicable, such notice shall be given at least ten days in advance. 6. Notice of special meetings shall state the particular purposes for which the meetings are called.

II. On the Conduct of Business.

1. If at the time appointed for the meeting of the Board the President and Vice-President are both absent, any Commissioner may call the meeting to order, and a chairman shall be chosen. 2. At the meetings of the Board the following order of business, unless otherwise ordered shall be observed:

Reading of the minutes of previous meetings.

Election of officers.

Reference of accounts.

Unfinished business of last meeting.

Reports of standing and special committees.

Reports on proposed incorporations.

Communications from Commissioners and officers.
Miscellaneous business.

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