by nuts and four-inch square washers at least three-eighths of an inch thick. On new buildings the brackets shall be set as the walls are being built. When brackets are put on tenement houses already erected the part going through the wall shall not be less than one inch in diameter with screw nuts and washers not less than five inches square and one-half an inch thick.

H. Drop ladders. A proper drop ladder shall be required from the lower balcony to the sidewalk or ground.

I. No person shall, at any time, place any goods or chattels, or any other incumbrance of any kind whatsoever, upon any fire escape, balcony or ladder provided for the purpose of egress in case of fire from any building. It shall be the duty of every fireman and policeman, who shall discover any goods, chattels or other incumbrances of any kind upon any fire escape, balcony or ladder as aforesaid, forthwith to report the same to the commanding officer of his fire company or to the chief of police and such commanding officer or chief of police, shall forthwith, cause the occupant or occupants of the premises or apartment to which said fire escape, balcony or ladder is attached, or for whose use the same is provided, to be notified in writing to remove the goods, chattels or other incumbrances therefrom, and to keep the said fire escape, balcony or ladder clear in the future. If such notice shall not be complied with by the removal forthwith of such goods, chattels or other incumbrances, and by keeping said fire escape, balcony or ladder free therefrom; then it shall be the duty of said commanding officer, or chief of police to report the same forthwith to the inspector of buildings.

J. The inspector of buildings shall require that there shall be fastened by the owner or occupant of any building upon all balconies provided as a means for escape from fire, in a conspicuous place, a metal plate, having thereon a notice to the following effect: "Any person placing any goods, chattels or other incumbrances upon this balcony is liable to a penalty of ten dollars or imprisonment for ten days, or until such penalty shall be paid."

K. All buildings requiring fire escapes shall have stationary iron ladders provided and kept in place leading to a scuttle and ladders shall be kept free for access so as to be ready for use at all times;

if a bulkhead is used in place of a scuttle it shall have stairs and a sufficient guard or handrail leading to the roof.

1 § 20-c. Every building hereafter erected or altered, to be used as a hotel, lodging house, school, theatre, jail, police station, hospital, asylum, institution for the care or treatment of persons, the height of which exceeds thirty-five feet, excepting all buildings for which specifications and plans have been heretofore submitted to and approved by the inspector of buildings, and every other building the height of which exceeds seventy-five feet, except as herein otherwise provided, shall be built fire-proof, that is to say, they shall be constructed with walls of brick, stone, Portland cement concrete, iron or steel, in which wood beams or lintels shall not be placed, and in which the floors and roofs shall be of materials provided for in section twenty-d of this code. Stairs and staircase landings shall be built entirely of brick, stone, Portland cement concrete, iron or steel. No woodwork or other inflammable material shall be used in any of the partitions, furrings or ceilings in any such fire-proof buildings, excepting, however, when the height of the building does not exceed twelve stories nor more than one hundred and fifty feet, the doors and windows and their frames, the trims, the casings, the interior finish when filled solid at the back with fire-proof materials, and the floor boards and sleepers directly thereunder, may be of wood, but the space between the sleepers shall be solidly filled with fire-proof materials and extend up to the under side of the floor boards.

New York City.

AN ORDINANCE TO REGULATE THE USE OF AISLES AND PASSAGEWAYS IN PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.

(Changing section 762 of the Greater New York Charter.)

§ 1. By virtue of the authority and power vested in the Board of Aldermen of The City of New York by chapter 466 of the Laws of 1901 of the State of New York, commonly known as the Amendatory Act of 1901, section 762 of the Greater New York

charter is hereby repealed and the following ordinance enacted in lieu thereof:

All lights used in theatres and other places of public amusement, manufactories, stores, hotels, lodging-houses, and in show windows shall be properly protected by globes or glass coverings, or in such other manner as the fire commissioner shall prescribe. The owners and proprietors of all manufactories, hotels, tenement houses, apartment houses, office buildings, boarding and lodginghouses, warehouses, stores and offices, theatres and music halls, and the authorities and persons having charge of all hospitals and asylums, and of the public schools and other public buildings, churches and other places where large numbers of persons are congregated for purposes of worship, instruction or amusement, shall provide such means of communicating alarms of fire, accident or danger, to the police and fire departments, respectively, as the fire commissioner or police board may direct, and shall also provide such fire hose, fire extinguishers, buckets, axes, fire hooks, fire doors and other means of preventing and extinguishing fires as said fire commissioner may direct. In every building used or .occupied as a hotel, lodging-house, or public or private hospital or asylum, there shall be employed by the owner or proprietor, or other person or persons having the charge or management thereof, one or more watchmen, whose exclusive duty it shall be to visit every portion of such building, at regular and frequent intervals under rules and regulations to be established by the fire commissioner, for the purpose of detecting fire or other sources of danger, and giving timely warning thereof to the inmates of the building. In every room in each of said buildings there shall be posted a card upon which shall be printed a diagram showing the exits, halls, stairways, elevators and fire-escapes, and in the halls and passageways signs shall be posted indicating the location of the stairs and fire-escapes. In each of the said buildings there shall be placed and provided electrical or other alarms and time de tectors, to be approved by the fire commissioner, by means of which the movements of said watchman may be recorded, and through which alarms of fire or other danger may be instantly communicated, by means of bells or gongs, to every portion of the building. Said electrical apparatus, and all other appliances placed or kept VOL. 3-36

within any of said buildings for the purpose of preventing or extinguishing fires, or for affording means of escape therefrom in case of fire, shall be kept at all times in good working order and proper condition for immediate use, and any member of the uniformed force of said department may enter any of the said buildings at any time for the purpose of inspecting said apparatus or appliances. The fire commissioner may detail, not to exceed two members of the uniformed force of said department, at each and every place of amusement where machinery and scenery are in use, while such place is open to the public, whose duty shall be to guard against fire, and who shall have charge and control of the means provided for its extinguishment, and shall have control and direction of the employees of the place to which they may be detailed for the purpose of extinguishing any fire which may occur therein. It shall also be the duty of such member or members of the uniformed force of said department to inspect every portion of the building or buildings to which they may be detailed, during public performances therein, for the purpose of guarding and protecting the occupants from fire or panic. Whenever any member of the uniformed force of said department shall discover in any inside aisle or passageway in any such place of amusement any camp stools, chairs, sofas, or other obstructions, or any person or persons standing or sitting therein, during any public performance, it shall be the duty of such member of the uniformed force forthwith to notify the proprietor or manager of such place of amusement, or any usher, agent or other employee of such proprietor or manager then present, to cause such obstruction, to be forthwith removed, or to cause the person or persons standing or sitting in such aisles or passageways forthwith to vacate the same. except as hereinafter provided. If the manager or proprietor, or such usher, agent, or employee shall cause or permit any camp stool, chairs, sofas, or other obstructions to be placed or remain in any aisle or passageway, in any such place of amusement, or shall cause, or permit any person to stand or sit therein, during any public performance, or, having been so notified, shall neglect or refuse to cause such obstruction to be forthwith removed, or to cause such person or persons to forthwith vacate said aisles or passageways, they shall each severally be deemed to have violated

the provisions and requirements of this title and the regulations or orders duly made thereunder, and shall be subject to the penalties prescribed in this act, provided, however, that where there is a passageway in the rear of the seats in such place of amusement, more than six feet in depth, it shall be lawful to permit persons to stand therein, as follows: (a) if such passageway is more than six feet and less than sixteen feet deep, persons may stand therein provided an unobstructed passageway of at least six feet in depth is left open, and there are no more than four rows of persons standing; (b) if such passageway is more than sixteen feet deep any number of persons or rows of persons may stand therein, provided that an unobstructed passageway of at least ten feet, in depth, is left open; (e) and in balconies or galleries only one row of persons shall be permitted to stand; (d) and in places of amusement having a passageway in the rear of the seats, six feet or less, in depth, but having in addition an outer passageway in the rear thereof, to which all aisle heads have straight and direct access, it shall be lawful to permit two rows of persons to stand in such passageway in the rear of such seats, but under no circumstances, any more than two such rows; (e) and in no event, nor under any circumstances, shall any persons be allowed to stand at the head of any aisle. In all places of public amusement or entertainment, not included in the foregoing provisions, except in fire proof buildings, there shall be employed, by the owner or proprietor thereof, one or more watchmen whose exclusive duty it shall be to protect and guard the inmates of such buildings from fire and other sources of danger. The space to be occupied by said standees* shall be separated from the space to be left clear for passage, by tape, ribbons, or other easily broken material, supported by light posts fixed in stationary sockets, and to be not less than three nor more than four feet from the floor; all to be so constructed and placed as to be no obstruction in case of panic or emergency. The penalties prescribed by section 773 of the Greater New York Charter shall apply to any violation of this ordinance.

So in original.