EDUCATION:

ADULT :

Advantages from, on a large scale, 530.

Co-operative societies for, might be financially assisted, 531.

Matter for non-official activity rather than government departments, 530.
Progress in Punjab, with statistics, 531.

Statistics regarding Bengal and Bombay, 531.

AGRICULTURAL:

HIGHER :

Assam:

May continue to rely on agricultural colleges in other provinces for staff, 559.
Bengal :

Essential that provision should be made for, 558.

Scope at Calcutta University for scientific training from agricultural standpoint,
question of, 558-9.

Bihar and Orissa:

Centre for, should be provided in, 559.

IN HIGH SCHOOLS:

Theoretical teaching of agriculture in, condemned, 540.

Combination of practical with theoretical where large proportion of boys come
from rural areas, advantages of, 540.

Instruction in elementary science, however, the paramount need, 541.

IN MIDDLE SCHOOLS, 532.

Inclusion of elementary agriculture in curriculum of ordinary rural secondary
schools (Punjab type), 534-5.

Advantages of, 537-8.

School farms versus school gardens, 538.

Vocational (Bombay type), 533-4.

Criticism of, 535-6.

Agricultural Colleges, the Government, see under that heading.

Agricultural Institutions, affiliation to Universities to be welcomed, 543-4.

AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS: Anakapalle (closed), Taliparamba, (Madras); Bulandshahr,
(United) Provinces); Chandkhuri (closed), Powarkhera, (Central Provinces);
Chinsura (closed), Dacca, (Bengal); Pathra, Missionary, (Bihar and Orissa);
Pyinmana, Missionary, (Burma); 533-4.

Conferences of Educational officers:

Revived 1927, 560.

should be held annually, 560.

Departments of, rely on securing efficiency through an Inspectorate, 516.

Division of Institutions into recognised and unrecognised, 515.

Effect of, on drift of boys from the villages to towns, 539-40.

English in vernacular middle schools:

Advantages seen in meeting popular demand for, 538.

FEMALE:

Factors making for progress in, 522.

Methods of demonstrating value of, 522.

Part of co-operative movement in promoting, 522.

PURDAH women, experiment of correspondence courses for, in Bengal, 522.
Statistics of, 518, 522.

FUNCTIONS OF LOCAL AUTHORITIES IN REGARD TO :

Chiefly concerned with providing elementary vernacular, 515.

Method of provision differs widely in different provinces, 515.

Efficiency, how the Departments of Education aim at securing, 516.

General features of administration of, 514-5.

General concluding observations on, 559-60.

Illiteracy, rural, mobilisation of all available funds, public and private, required for
attack on, 560.

EDUCATION-contd.

Importance by means of all-India conferences and otherwise of complete interchange
of opinion in educational matters throughout India, 560.

Literacy in relation to primary education, 519-20.

Loni" type of agricultural education, 533.

Mission schools, part played by, in pioneering and experimental work, 528.

PRIMARY :

COMPULSION IN PRIMARY SCHOOLS:

Question of Introducing, 523.

Only complete Remedy for present wastage of pupils and money, 523.
Interim measures:

Introduction of a Contract system, question, 524.

System of co-operative pledges for regular attendance, 525.
Goal of, 528.

Nature study in, 528.

Remedies for wastage of pupils and money in:

Conversion of single teacher into branch schools wherever possible, 525-6.
Conversion of primary into lower middle schools, 526.

Establishment of central schools, 526.

Improvement in :-

Textbooks, 527-8.

Training of teachers, 527.

Increase in number of trained teachers, 527.

Progressive adoption of compulsory system only complete remedy, 523.

Provision of women teachers, 525.

Provision of teachers of rural origin and upbringing, 527.

Unsatisfactory state of, and reasons for, 520.

Wastage of pupils, figures of:

Boys, 521.
Girls, 522.

SECONDARY :

Position regarding training of teachers, curriculum, buildings and equipment, 532.
an improvement in Elementary Science Teaching most important from agricultural
point of view, 532.

Statistical information, 518.

TECHNICAL:

Instruction should be of a high standard, 541.

Output of trained men should be proportioned to demand, 541.

government Scholarships should be allocated to subjects in demand, 541.

Value of, in rural industries, 541, 574.

Text book committees, suggestion regarding, 527.

Training teachers, value of Moga" system, 528.

Universities, see under that title.

Egypt, 188, 189-90, 210, 284, 287, 355.

Emigration, see under LABOUR.

Famine Commissions, Indian, 1880, 13, 600; 1898, 13; 1901, 13, 437, 444, 499.
Farm yard manure, see under FERTILISERS.

Farmer, Col., 214.

Fawkes, Mrs., 156, 571.

FERTILISERS:

active propaganda for use of Artificial, by British Sulphate of Ammonia Federation,
Ltd., 91.

SULPHATE OF AMMONIA :

marked increase in Consumption and production in India recently, 89.

Import of, and Production in India, 80.

Development of this source of supply very satisfactory, (89).

FERTILISERS-contd.

BONES AND BONE MEAL, 92-3.

Restrictions on or prohibition of export not recommended, 92.

COMPOSTS, 83-4.

Results achieved in Gurgaon District, Punjab, 83.

Earth, manurial, from abandoned villages, 84.

FARM YARD MANURE, 82-3.

Difficulties of stopping burning of, as fuel, 82-3.
Manufacture of artificial, 83-4.

Need for introducing a method practical for cultivators, 84.
Preservation of, little advance since Dr. Voelcker's Report (1893) 83.

FISH MANURES, 93.

Restrictions on, or prohibition of, export not recommended, 93.

GREEN MANURES:

Concessions to encourage cultivation of, 86.

More suited in present state of knowledge for the larger landholder, 86.
uses of, 86.

Leaf mould, 265.

Legislation against adulteration of, question of, 94.

LEGUMINOUS CROPS:

Value of, in cultivator's rotation, 85.
Work to be done in regard to, 85.

Losses from burning cowdung, 80, 264.

Losses from export, 80, 87-9, 92, 93.

NIGHT SOIL, valuable source of combined nitrogen, 84-5

Activated sludge process, 85.

As Poudrette, 84.

NITROGEN :

Manufacture of combined, from the air, 90.

further Investigation into possibilities of manufacture of, not recommended, 91.
Manurial problem in India in main one of nitrogen deficiency, 80.

OIL SEEDS AND CAKES:

Loss by export of valuable source of combined nitrogen, 87-9.

Extent of export, 87.

Restrictions on or prohibition of export not recommended, 88-9.

Phosphates, deposits of natural, 93.

Railway rates on, 94.

RESEARCH ON :

question of central Organisation for, 91.

offer of British Sulphate of Ammonia Federation, Ltd., and Nitram, Ltd., 91.

MANURIAL EXPERIMENTS, 81-2.

Importance of, especially on unirrigated land, 82.
Need for continuity and accurate recording, 82.
Programme should be framed, 82.

Field, Mr. J. H., 620 (footnote).

FINANCE OF AGRICULTURE :

Agra Tenancy Act XII, 426.
Agricultural Bank of Egypt, 423.

FINANCE OF AGRICULTURE-contd.

AGRICULTURISTS LOANS ACT, 1884, 17, 417, 423, 429.

Conditions of grant, 429.

gradual Displacement by co-operative credit system, 430.

mainly an Enabling Act under which provincial rules can be framed, 429.

has proved of Immense value in times of distress, 429.

can never be Means for meeting all normal agricultural credit requirements,
430.

Rules repeatedly revised and are now as elastic as interests of borrower and lender
permit, 429.

question of Restriction to occasions of distress, 430.

Working of Act on the whole satisfactory, 431.

AGRICULTURAL BANKS:

Schemes for in 1880, 422.

Sir William Wedderburn's proposal in 1882, 422.
Characteristic of his scheme and other schemes of 1880, 423.

ALIENATION OF LAND:

Statutory restrictions on, by mortgage and sale, 420-21.
Question of extending principle of Statutory restriction on, 421.
Bombay Land Revenue Code, 421.

ALIENATION OF LAND ACTS:

Bundelkhand, 418.

Satisfactory working, 421.

Central Provinces, 418, 421.

Application limited to aboriginal tribes, 421.
North-West Frontier Province, 421.

Punjab, 418, 421.

Applies to chief ancestral cultivating classes, 420.
in force in North-West Frontier Province, 421.
similar legislation in other countries, 424.
Success of, 421.

Bundelkhand Encumbered Estates Act, 419.

CAPITAL:

for CURRENT needs, 428.

Marketing credit, co-operative societies, ideal source of, 429.

in Madras establishing valuable link with commercial banks, 429.
no Real difference between machinery for long and short term capital in India, 428
Village moneylender supplies bulk of both, 428.

FIXED, FOR PERMANENT IMPROVEMENT:

Provision of, by:

Capitalists not themselves owners of the land, 425.

Cultivators usually, 416.

and no reason to suppose village Moneylender hesitates to advance funds, 428,
the larger Landlords' position, 425.

for Direct expenditure in improvements, ready command of financial assistance,
426.

Effects of systems of tenure and tenancy law in restricting, and importance
of removing restriction, 425.

for financing Tenants' improvements, large field of activity open to, 426.

should be Encouraged and case for review of existing tenancy law strengthened
where this creates obstacles, 425.

Moneylenders and other capitalists in return for the landholders' rights, 425.
Mortgage credit, 418.

Agricultural Bank of Egypt, lessons to be drawn from, 423.
very small Amount incurred to finance improvements, 418.
when Resorted to, and effect on agricultural progress, 418.
not Restricted for shortage of funds, 428.

INTERMEDIATE, for expensive implements, etc., 416.

Damdupat, ancient principle of Hindu Law regarding debt, 439.

FINANCE OF AGRICULTURE-contd.

DEBT.

impossible to Distinguish with any accuracy between productive and non-produc
tive, 417.

general opinion that proportion of productive to non-productive is very low, 417.
Inherited, see below under Indebtedness.

DECCAN AGRICULTURISTS RELIEF ACT, 436.

History of its working, 436.
Results of, 437.

ENCUMBERED ESTATES ACTS:

Bundelkhand, 419.

Sind, 419.

Expropriation of hereditary cultivating classes, extent of, enquiry into, proposal, 422.
FINANCE (see also under CAPITAL above).

of Agricultural operations by private individuals, policy of State to impose no direct
restrictions on, 417.

Failure of borrower to distinguish between productive and non-productive borrowing,
417.

for Permanent improvements, .416, 425-27.

greater Proportion supplied by local moneylenders, 417.

purchase of expensive implements, etc., 416.

current Requirements, 416, 428-29.

Home farms, desirability of taking action to permit landlords to establish everywhere,

426.

Imperial Bank of India, 422, 464.

INDEBTEDNESS:

Co-operative movement greatest hope of escape from, 436.

Economic servitude, instances of:

Artisans in small industries, 435.

Kamiauti system, 434.

Factors involved in, 431.

comparative Failure of legislative measures to deal with, 436.
Hereditary debt, 435, 440.

Knowledge of, has steadily increased, 432.

in relation to Marketing of produce, 388.

Measures adopted to meet evils of, 432.

Eucation and development of character the sole specifics, 419.

attempts at wholesale Redemption of old debt unsuccessful, 435.

Solution of problem only to be found in spread of literacy and in co-operative move.
ment, 438.

INSOLVENCY RURAL:

Civil Justice Committee Report remarks on, 440.

case for Legislation should be considered in every province, 440.
Provincial Insolvency Act, of little benefit to agriculturists, 440.
Intensive cultivation, advantages of, 416

make regular Advances against produce in godowns, 422.

Dawson's Bank, Ltd., only example noticed of Joint Stock Bank supplying fixed
credit, 422.

no reason to believe that effect on general finance of agricultural operations at all
appreciable, 422.

their business usually confined to larger landholders and planters, 422.

Kamiauti Agreements Act, Bihar and Orissa, 434.

LAND IMPROVEMENT LOANS ACT, 1883, 17, 417, 423, 427.

mainly an Enabling Act under which provincial rules can be framed, 427.
Establishing of land mortgage banks, would be alternative to, 427.

Working of Act, 427.

Land Improvement, progress of, careful enquiry needed into why so slow, 428.
Land Mortgage Banks (see under that head).