19. Forests.

(a) Do you consider that forest lands as such are at present being put to their fullest use for agricultural purposes? For instance, are grazing facilities granted to the extent compatible with the proper preservation of forest areas? If not, state the changes or developments in current practice which you consider advisable.

(b) Can you suggest means whereby the supply of firewood and fodder in rural areas may be increased?

(c) Has deterioration of forests led to soil erosion? What remedies would you suggest for erosion and damage from floods ?

(d) Can you indicate any methods by which supply of moisture in the soil, the rainfall and supply of canal water can be increased and regulated by afforestation or by the increased protection of forests so as to benefit agriculture? Would the same methods be useful in preventing the destruction by erosion of agricultural land?

(e) Is there an opening for schemes of afforestation in the neighbourhood of villages? (f) Are forests suffering deterioration from excessive grazing? Is soil erosion being thereby facilitated? Suggest remedies.

20. Marketing.

(a) Do you consider existing market facilities to be satisfactory? Please specify and criticise the markets to which you refer, and make suggestions for their improvement.

(b) Are you satisfied with the existing system of marketing and distribution? If not, please indicate the produce to which you refer and describe and criticise in detail the channels of marketing and distribution from the producer to the consumer in India (or exporter in the case of produce exported overseas). State the services rendered by each intermediary and whether such intermediary acts in the capacity of merchant or commission agent, and comment upon the efficiency of these services and the margins upon which such intermediaries operate. Please describe the method by which each transaction is financed, or in the case of barter, by which an exchange is effected.

(c) Do you wish to suggest steps whereby the quality, purity, grading or packing of agricultural produce may be improved, distinguishing where possible between produce destined for

(i) Indian markets?

(ii) Export markets ?

(d) Do you think that more effective steps might be taken to place at the disposal of cultivators, merchants and traders information as to market conditions, whether Indian or overseas; crop returns; complaints as to Indian produce from wheresoever originating; and agricultural and marketing news in general?

21. Tariffs and Sea Freights.

Do existing (a) customs duties, both import and export, and (b) sea freights adversely affect the prosperity of the Indian cultivator? If so, have you any recom. mendations to make?

22. Co-operation.

(a) What steps do you think should be taken to encourage the growth of the co-operative

movement

(i) by Government,

(ii) by non-official agencies ?

(b) Have you any observations to make upon

(i) Credit societies;

(ii) Purchase societies;

(iii) Societies formed for the sale of produce or stock;

(iv) Societies for effecting improvements-e.g., the digging of wells and the construction of bunds, walls and fences, or the planting of hedges;

(v) Societies formed for the aggregation of fragmented holdings and their redistribution in plots of reasonable size;

(vi) Societies for the co-operative use of agricultural machinery;

(vii) Societies for joint farming;

(viii) Cattle breeding societies;

(ix) Societies formed for any purpose connected with agriculture or with the betterment of village life, but not specified above?

(c) Where co-operative schemes for joint improvement, such as co-operative irrigation or co-operative fencing or a co-operative consolidation of holdings scheme, cannot be given effect to owing to the unwillingness of a small minority to join, do you think legislation should be introduced in order to compel such persons to join for the common benefit of all? (d) Do you consider that those societies of which you have personal knowledge have, in the main, achieved their object?

23. General Education.

(a) Do you wish to make observations upon existing systems of education in their bearing upon the agricultural efficiency of the people? If you make suggestions, please distinguish, as far as possible, between

(i) Higher or collegiate,

(ii) Middle school, and

(iii) Elementary school education.

(b) (i) Can you suggest any methods whereby rural education may improve the ability and culture of agriculturists of all grades while retaining their interest in the land ?

(ii) What is your experience of compulsory education in rural areas?

(iii) What is the explanation of the small proportion of boys in rural primary schools who pass through the fourth class?

24. Attracting Capital.

(a) What steps are necessary in order to induce a larger number of men of capital and enterprise to take to agriculture ?

(b) What are the factors tending to discourage owners of agricultural land from carrying out improvements?

25. Welfare of Rural Population.

(a) Outside the subjects enumerated above, have you any suggestions to offer for improving hygiene in rural areas and for the promotion of the general well-being and prosperity of the rural population?

(b) Are you, for instance, in favour of Government conducting economic surveys in typical villages with a view to ascertaining the economic position of the cultivators? If so, what, in your opinion, should be the scope and methods of such enquiries?

(c) If you have carried out anything in the nature of such intensive enquiry, please state the broad conclusions which you reached.

26. Statistics.

(a) Do you wish to make suggestions for the extension or improvement of the existing methods of

(i) ascertaining areas under cultivation and crops;

(ii) estimating the yield of agricultural produce;

(iii) enumerating livestock and implements;

(iv) collecting information on land tenure, the incidence of land revenue and the size of the agricultural population;

(v) arranging and publishing agricultural statistics?

(b) Have you any other suggestions to make under this heading ?

APPENDIX II

LIST OF WITNESSES EXAMINED

Government of India

1. Bal Kishan, Mr., Registrar, Co-operative Societies, Ajmer-Merwara. 2. Clouston, Dr. D., M.A., D.Sc., C.I.E., I.A.S., Agricultural Adviser to the Government of India and Director of Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa.

3. Cowan, Dr. J. M., M.A., D.Sc., Officiating Director, Botanical Survey of India, Calcutta.

4. Cumming, Mr. J. W. N., Retired Extra-Assistant Commissioner in Baluchistan, Quetta.

5. Edwards, Dr. J. T., D.Sc.(London), M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., Director, Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar.

6. Field, Mr. J. H., M.A., B.Sc., Director General of Observatories, Simla.

7. Fletcher, Mr. T. Bainbrigge, R.N., F.E.S., F.L.S., F.Z.S., I.A.S., Imperial Entomologist, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa.

8. Graham, Lieut.-Colonel J. D., C.I.E., I.M.S., Public Health Commissioner with the Government of India.

9. Hardy, Mr. G. S., I.C.S., Member, Central Board of Revenue.

10. Harris, Mr. D. G., C.I.E., Dip. Ing., Zurich, M.I.E. (Ind.), Deputy Secretary to the Government of India, Department of Industries and Labour, Public Works Branch.

11. Harrison, Dr. W. H., D.Sc., I.A.S., Imperial Agricultural Chemist and Joint Director, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa.

12. Henderson, Mr. G. S., N.D.A., N.D.D., I.A.S., Imperial Agriculturist, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa.

13. Hindley, Sir Clement, Kt., Chief Commissioner of Railways.

14. Jamiat Rai, Diwan Bahadur Diwan, C.I.E., Retired Extra-Assistant Commissioner, Quetta.

15. Joshi, Mr. N. V., M.Sc., L.Ag., Representative of the Imperial Agricultural Department (Pusa) Association, Pusa.

16. Marriott, Lieut.-Colonel A. S., Director of Farms, Master General of Supplies Branch.

17. McCarrison, Lieut.-Colonel R., C.I.E., M.D., D.Sc., LL.D., F.R.C.P., I.M.S., Pasteur Institute, Coonoor, S. India.

18. McRae, Dr. W., M.A., D.Sc., I.A.S., Officiating Imperial Mycologist, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa.

19. Meek, Dr. D. B., M.A., D.Sc., O.B.E., Director General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics, Calcutta.

20. Pascoe, Dr. E. H., M.A., Sc.D. (Cantab.), D.Sc. (Lond.), F.G.S., F.A.S.B., Director, Geological Survey of India, Calcutta.

21. Pitkeathly, Mr. J. S., C.I.E., C.V.O., C.B.E., D.S.O., Chief Controller, Indian Stores Department.

22. Richey, Mr. J. A., M.A., C.I.E., I.E.S., Educational Commissioner with the Government of India.

23. Rodger, Mr. A., O.B.E., I.F.S., Officiating Inspector General of Forests, Dehra Dun.

24. Sams, Mr. H. A., C.I.E., I.C.S., Deputy Director General of Posts and Telegraphs. 25. Sayer, Mr. M. W., B.A., I.A.S., Secretary, Sugar Bureau, Pusa.

26. Shaw, Dr. F. J. F., D.Sc., A.R.C.S., F.L.S., I.A.S., Officiating Imperial Economic Botanist, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa.

27. Shuldham, Captain W. F. Q., I.A., Assistant Commissioner, Ajmer-Merwara. 28. Smith, Mr. W., Imperial Dairy Expert, Imperial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Bangalore.

29. Venkatraman,

Rao Bahadur T. S., B.A., I.A.S., Government Sugarcane

Expert, Sugarcane Breeding Station, Coimbatore.

30. Walton, Mr. J. H., M.A., M.Sc., I.A.S., Imperial Agricultural Bacteriologist, Agricultural Research Institute, Pusa.

31. Ware, Mr. F., F.R.C.V.S., I. V.S., Officiating Director, Imperial Institute of Veterinary Research, Muktesar.

32. Warth, Mr. F. J., B.Sc., M.Sc., I.A. S., Physiological Chemist, Imperial Institute of Animal Husbandry and Dairying, Bangalore.

Bombay

33. Bhagwat, Mr. K. B., Representative, Irrigators' Central Committee, Deccan Canals.

34. Bruen, Mr. E. J., I.A.S., Livestock Expert.

35. Burns, Dr. William, D.Sc. (Edin.), I.A.S., Joint Director of Agriculture.

36. Burt, Mr. B.C., M.B. E., B.Sc., I.A.S., Secretary, Indian Central Cotton Committee.

37. Calvocoressi, Mr. Stephen, Head Manager, Ralli Brothers, Bombay.

38. Collins, Mr. G. F. S., O.B.E., I.C.S., Registrar, Co-operative Societies.

39. Desai, Rao Sahib Bhimbhai M., Deputy Director of Agriculture, Gujarat.

40. Desai, Rao Sahib Dadubhai Purshottamdas, F.R.H.S., M.L.C., Landholder, Nadiad.

41. Desai, Rao Bahadur Govindbhai H., Naib Dewan, Baroda.

42. Devadhar, Mr. G. K., M.A., C.I.E., President, Bombay Provincial Co-operative Institute.

43. Edie, Mr. A. G., I.F.S., Chief Conservator of Forests.

44. Farbrother, Mr. E. S., M.R.C.V.S., I.V.S., Superintendent, Civil Veterinary Department.

45. Fotiadi, Mr. A., Manager, Ralli Brothers, Bombay.

46. Goheen, Mr. J. L., B.A., Principal, Sangli Industrial and Agricultural School, Sangli, and in charge, Kolhapur Farm School, Kolhapur.

47. Gordon, Mr. R. G., I.C.S., Collector, Nasik.

48. Gurjar, M. N. W., Secretary of Messrs. Kirloskar Brothers, Ltd.

49. Harrison, Mr. R. T., I.S.E., Secretary and Chief Engineer for Irrigation, Public Works Department.

50. Inglis, Mr. C. C., B.A.I., I.S.E., Executive Engineer, Special Irrigation Division. 51. Jenkins, Mr. W. J., M.A., B.Sc., L.A.S., Officiating Secretary of the Indian Central Cotton Committee.

52. Karmarkar, Mr., Secretary, Gadag Co-operative Cotton Sale Society, Dharwar. 53. Kay, Sir Joseph, Kt., Vice-President, Indian Central Cotton Committee.

54. Kembhavi, Mr. N. R., Managing Agent, The Bijapur Mahalaxmi Company.

55. Kirloskar, Mr. L. K., Chief Manager, Messrs. Kirloskar Brothers, Ltd.

56.

Knight, Mr. H. F., B.A., I.C.S., Collector of West Khandesh.

57. Kothawala, Mr. Nariman R., President, The South Daskroi Taluka Development Association, Ahmedabad.

58. Lory, Mr. F. B. P., M.A., I.E.S., Director of Public Instruction.

59. Lowsley, Mr. C. O., I.S. E., Superintending Engineer (On special duty).

60. Mann, Dr. Harold H., D.Sc., I.A.S., Director of Agriculture.

61. Maxwell, Mr. R. M., M.A., C.I.E., I.C.S., Collector of Kaira.

62. Mehta, Mr. J. K., Secretary, The Indian Merchants' Chamber.

63. Mehta, Sir Lalubhai Samaldas, Kt., C.I.E., Bombay.

64. Mehta, Mr. V. L., B.A., Managing Director, Bombay Provincial Co-operative Bank, Ltd., Bombay.

65. Melhuish, Lieut.-Colonel H. M. H., D.S.O., I.M.S., Director of Public Health. 66. Nagpurkar, Mr. S. D., M.Ag., of the Union Agency, Poona (Manures).

67. Naik, Rao Bahadur Bhimbhai R., President, District Local Board, Surat, and Member, Indian Central Cotton Committee.

68. Naik, Mr. V. H., M.A., Bar.-at-Law, Collector of Bijapur.

69. Palmer, Ensign, representing the Salvation Army Social Work.

70. Patel, Mr. B. S., N.D.D., N.D.A., C.D.A.D., I.A.S., Professor of Agriculture, Agricultural College, Poona.

71. Patil, Rao Bahadur P. C., L. Ag., M.Sc., I.A.S., Professor of Agricultural Economics and Acting Principal, Agricultural College, Poona.

72. Peck, Major C. E., representing the Salvation Army Social Work.

73.

Ransing, Mr. B. R., B.A., LL.B., Honorary Secretary, Dhulia Taluka Agricultural
Association and Member of the Divisional Board of Agriculture, North Central
Division.

74. Rothfield, Mr. Otto, B.A., I.C.S. (Retired), Khairpur State.

75. Salimath, Mr. S. S., B.Ag., Deputy Director of Agriculture, Southern Division. 76. Shirahatti, Rao Sahib G. S., Managing Director, Hubli Co-operative Cotton Sale Society, Ltd.

77. Sule, Mr. R. G., L.C.E., I.S.E., Executive Engineer.

78.

Walchand Hirachand, Mr., President, Indian Merchants' Chamber.

Madras

79. Aitchison, Mr. D. A. D., M.R.C.V.S., M.P.S., I.V.S., Veterinary Adviser to the Government of Madras.

80.

81.

Anstead, Mr. Rudolph D., M.A., C.I.E., I.A.S., Director of Agriculture.

Bazl-ul-lah, Khan Bahadur M., Sahib Bahadur, C.I.E., O.B.E., Director of
Industries.

82. Champion, Mr. Herbert, M.A., I.E.S., Principal, Teachers' College, Saidapet.
83. Deivasikhamani Mudaliyar, Rao Sahib K., Joint Registrar of Co-operative Societies.
84. Hood, Mr. H. M., I.C.S., Registrar of Co-operative Societies.

85. Hutchinson, Major-General F. H. G., C.I.E., I.M.S., Surgeon-General with the Government of Madras.

86. Keith, Mr. J. W., Representative of Messrs. Parry & Co.

87. Leach, Mr. A. G., I.C.S., Collector of North Arcot.

88. Macmichael, Mr. N., C.S.I., I.C.S., First Member, Board of Revenue.

89. Mullings, Mr. C. T., I.S.E., Chief Engineer for Irrigation.

90. Munro, Mr. D. G., B.Sc., I.A.S., General Scientific Officer, United Planters' Association of Southern India.

91. Narasimharaju, Rao Bahadur C. V. S., M.L.C., Landholder, Vizagapatam.

92. Paddison, Sir George, K.B.E., C.S.I., I.C.S., Commissioner of Labour.

93. Paul, Mr. K. T., O.B.E., B.A., National Secretary, National Council of the Y.M.C.A.'s of India, Burma and Ceylon, Salem.

94. Raja of Kollengode, Raja Sir Vasudeva, Kt., C.I.E., Landholder, Malabar.

95. Rama Rao, Mr. N., Superintendent, Sericultural Department, Mysore Government. 96. Ramaswami Sivan, Rao Sahib M. R., B.A., I.A.S., Government Lecturing Chemist, Agricultural College, Coimbatore.

97. Ramdas, the Honourable Mr. V., Representative of the Madras Provincial Cooperative Union.

98. Ranganatha Mudaliyar, Mr. A., B.A., B.L., M.L.C., Madras.

99. Reddi Nayudu, Sir K. V., Kt., B.A., B.L., M.L.C., Landholder, Madras.

100. Russell, Major A. J. H., C.B.E., M.D., D.P.H., I.M.S., Director of Public Health. 101. Sivaswami, Mr. K. G., Representative of the Madras Provincial Co-operative Union. 102. Subbarayan, Dr. P., M.L.C., Zamindar of Kumaramangalam.

103. Subramanya Mudaliyar, Mr. M. T., Proprietor of Uttamapalayam Estate. 104. Sutherland, Rev. W. S., B.D., United Free Church Mission, Chingleput.