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ance with the procedure laid down in paragraphs 39 and 49, inclusive, General Orders, No. 70, War Department, 1913.

(f) In accordance with the act of Congress approved July 17, 1914, the purchase of articles of clothing and publications in such quantities as are approved by the Secretary of War can be made. Each application will be considered separately.

(g) The institution will be inspected annually by General Staff officers with the view of standardizing the course of instruction and correcting any deficiencies in methods, manner of instruction and training that might exist.

3. Before issuing any arms and equipment the law requires that a bond twice the value of the ordnance and ordnance stores issued be filed with the Chief of Ordnance, United States Army. (Pars. 60 to 69, General Orders, No. 70, War Department, 1913.) All information relative to the purchase of ordnance and ordnance stores or replacing those damaged by fair wear and tear, or carelessness on the part of members of the Cadet Corps, and accounting for the property of the Government in the hands of the college or school authorities, will be found in paragraphs 50 to 59, inclusive, General Orders, No. 70, War Department, 1913.

A suitable place for the safe-keeping of the arms and equipment, as well as adequate arrangements for their care and preservation, must be provided. Where a retired officer is detailed under the act approved April 21, 1904, the approval of the governor of the State is necessary before submitting any application for arms and equipment. 4. A retired officer can be detailed at any educational institution provided the institution will pay the officer's commutation.

GRADUATES OF LAND-GRANT COLLEGES AND MILITARY SERVICE. [Extract from an act for making further and more effectual provision for the national defense, and for other purposes.]

SEC. 40. THE RESERVE OFFICERS' TRAINING CORPS.-The President is hereby authorized to establish and maintain in civil educational institutions a Reserve Officers' Training Corps, which shall consist of a senior division organized at universities and colleges requiring four years of collegiate study for a degree, including State universities and those State institutions that are required to provide instruction in military tactics under the provisions of the act of Congress of July second, eighteen hundred and sixty-two, donating lands for the establishment of colleges where the leading object shall be practical instruction in agriculture and the mechanic arts, including military tactics, and a junior division organized at all other public or private educational institutions, except that units of the senior division may be organized at those essentially military schools which do not confer an academic degree but which, as a result of the annual inspection of such institutions by the War Department, are specially designated by the Secretary of War as qualified for units of the senior division, and each division shall consist of units of the several arms or corps in such number and of such strength as the President may prescribe.

SEC. 41. The President may, upon the application of any State institution described in section forty of this act, establish and maintain at such institution one or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps: Provided, That no such unit shall be established or maintained at any such institution until an officer of the Army shall have been detailed as professor of military science and tactics, nor until such institution shall maintain under military instruction at least one hundred physically fit male students. SEC. 42. The President may, upon the application of any established educational institution in the United States other than a State institution described in section forty of this act, the authorities of which agree to establish and maintain a two years' elective or compulsory course of military training as a minimum for its physically fit male stu

dents, which course when entered upon by any student shall, as regards such student, be a prerequisite for graduation, establish and maintain at such institution one or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps: Provided, That no such unit shall be established or maintained at any such institution until an officer of the Army shall have been detailed as professor of military science and tactics, nor until such institution shall maintain under military instruction at least one hundred physically fit male students.

SEC. 43. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to prescribe standard courses of theoretical and practical military training for units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, and no unit of the senior division shall be organized or maintained at any educational institution the authorities of which fail or neglect to adopt into their curriculum the prescribed courses of military training for the senior division or to devote at least an average of three hours per week per academic year to such military training; and no unit of the junior division shall be organized or maintained at any educational institution the authorities of which fail or neglect to adopt into their curriculum the prescribed courses of military training for the junior division, or to devote at least an average of three hours per week per academic year to such military training.

SEC. 44. Eligibility to membership in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps shall be limited to students of institutions in which units of such corps may be established who are citizens of the United States, who are not less than fourteen years of age, and whose bodily condition indicates that they are physically fit to perform military duty, or will be so upon arrival at military age.

SEC. 45. The President is hereby authorized to detail such numbers of officers of the Army, either active or retired, not above the grade of colonel, as may be necessary, for duty as professors and assistant professors of military science and tactics at institutions where one or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps are maintained; but the total number of active officers so detailed at educational institutions shall not exceed three hundred, and no active officer shall be so detailed who has not had five years' commissioned service in the Army. In time of peace retired officers shall not be detailed under the provisions of this section without their consent. Retired officers below the grade of lieutenant colonel so detailed shall receive the full pay and allowances of their grade, and retired officers above the grade of major so detailed shall receive the same pay and allowances as a retired major would receive under a like detail. No detail of officers on the active list of the Regular Army under the provisions of this section shall extend for more than four years.

SEC. 46. The President is hereby authorized to detail for duty at institutions where one or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps are maintained such number of enlisted men, either active or retired or of the Regular Army Reserve, as he may deem necessary, but the number of active noncommissioned officers so detailed shall not exceed five hundred, and all active noncommissioned officers so detailed shall be additional in their respective grades to those otherwise authorized for the Army. Retired enlisted men or members of the Regular Army Reserve shall not be detailed under the provisions of this section without their consent. While so detailed they shall receive active pay and allowances.

SEC. 47. The Secretary of War, under such regulations as he may prescribe, is hereby authorized to issue to institutions at which one or more units of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps are maintained such public animals, arms, uniforms, equipment, and means of transportation as he may deem necessary, and to forage at the expense of the United States public animals so issued. He shall require from each institution to which property of the United States is issued a bond in the value of the property issued for the care and safe-keeping thereof, and for its return when required.

SEC. 48. The Secretary of War is hereby authorized to maintain camps for the further practical instruction of the members of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps, no

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such camps to be maintained for a period longer than six weeks in any one year, except in time of actual or threatened hostilities; to transport members of such corps to and from such camps at the expense of the United States so far as appropriations will permit; to subsist them at the expense of the United States while traveling to and from such camps and while remaining therein so far as appropriations will permit; to use the Regular Army, such other military forces as Congress from time to time authorizes, and such Government property as he may deem necessary for the military training of the members of such corps while in attendance at such camps; to prescribe regulations for the government of such corps; and to authorize, in his discretion, the formation of company units thereof into battalion and regimental units.

SEC. 49. The President alone, under such regulations as he may prescribe, is hereby authorized to appoint in the Officers' Reserve Corps any graduate of the senior division of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps who shall have satisfactorily completed the further training provided for in section fifty of this act, or any graduate of the junior division who shall have satisfactorily completed the courses of military training prescribed for the senior division and the further training provided for in section fifty of this act, and shall have participated in such practical instruction subsequent to graduation as the Secretary of War shall prescribe, who shall have arrived at the age of twentyone years and who shall agree, under oath in writing, to serve the United States in the capacity of a reserve officer of the Army during a period of at least ten years from the date of his appointment as such reserve officer, unless sooner discharged by proper authority; but the total number of reserve officers so appointed shall not exceed fifty thousand: Provided, That any graduate qualified under the provisions of this section undergoing a postgraduate course at any institution shall not be eligible for appointment as a reserve officer while undergoing such postgraduate course, but his ultimate eligibility upon completion of such postgraduate course for such appointment shall not be affected because of his having undergone such postgraduate course.

SEC. 50. When any member of the senior division of the Reserve Officers' Training Corps has completed two academic years of service in that division, and has been selected for further training by the president of the institution and by its professor of military science and tactics, and has agreed in writing to continue in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps for the remainder of his course in the institution, devoting five hours per week to the military training prescribed by the Secretary of War, and has agreed in writing to pursue the courses in camp training prescribed by the Secretary of War, he may be furnished, at the expense of the United States, with commutation of subsistence at such rate, not exceeding the cost of the garrison ration prescribed for the Army, as may be fixed by the Secretary of War, during the remainder of his service in the Reserve Officers' Training Corps.

SEC. 51. Any physically fit male citizen of the United States, between the ages of twenty-one and twenty-seven years, who shall have graduated prior to the date of this act from any educational institution at which an officer of the Army was detailed as professor of military science and tactics, and who, while a student at such institution, completed courses of military training under the direction of such professor of military science and tactics substantially equivalent to those prescribed pursuant to this act for the senior division, shall, after satisfactorily completing such additional practical military training as the Secretary of War shall prescribe, be eligible for appointment to the Officers' Reserve Corps and as a temporary additional second lieutenant in accordance with the terms of this act.

SEC. 52. The President alone is hereby authorized to appoint and commission as a temporary second lieutenant of the Regular Army in time of peace for purposes of instruction, for a period not exceeding six months, with the allowances now provided by law for that grade, but with pay at the rate of $100 per month, any reserve officer appointed pursuant to sections forty-nine and fifty-one of this act and to attach him

to a unit of the Regular Army for duty and training during the period covered by his appointment as such temporary second lieutenant, and upon the expiration of such service with the Regular Army such officer shall revert to his status as a reserve officer. SEC. 53. No reserve officer or temporary second lieutenant appointed pursuant to this act shall be entitled to retirement or to retired pay and shall be eligible for pension only for disability incurred in line of duty in active service or while serving with the Regular Army pursuant to the provisions of this act: Provided, That in time of war the President may order reserve officers appointed under the provisions of this act to active duty with any of the military forces of the United States in any grades not below that of second lieutenant, and while on such active duty they shall be subject to the Rules and Articles of War: And provided further, That the Adjutant General of the Army shall, under the direction and supervision of the Secretary of War, obtain, compile, and keep continually up to date all obtainable information as to the names, ages, addresses, occupations, and qualifications for appointment as commissioned officers of the Army, in time of war or other emergency, of men of suitable ages who, by reason of having received military training in civilian educational institutions or elsewhere, may be regarded as qualified and available for appointment as such commissioned officers.

Approved, June 3, 1916.

CLAUSE IN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE PRINTING, BINDING, AND DISTRIBUTION OF PUBLIC DOCUMENTS, CONSTITUTING THE LANDGRANT COLLEGES DEPOSITORIES.

All land-grant colleges shall be constituted as depositories for public documents, subject to the provisions and limitations of the depository laws.

Approved, March 1, 1907 (34 Stat. L., 1012, 1014).

RULINGS OF THE UNITED STATES BUREAU OF EDUCATION RELATIVE TO LAND-GRANT COLLEGES.1

EXPENDITURE OF ANNUAL APPROPRIATION.

The funds annually appropriated by the act of August 30, 1890, must be expended during the year for which they are appropriated and for the purposes specified in the said act, and can not be allowed to accumulate in the form of an unexpended balance or be invested as a permanent interest-bearing fund (decision of the Assistant Attorney General, June 20, 1899). The department will insist on the expenditure annually of substantially the entire amount appropriated by the act of August 30, 1890, and the act of March 4, 1907, and boards of control of agricultural and mechanical colleges are requested to make provision for such expenditures. It is understood, of course, that contracts may be entered into for machinery or other educational material which, for good reasons, may not be ready and paid for until the following year. In such cases it is sufficient to explain, by a note in the report, that the balance is held for the purpose of liquidating bills already incurred, and stating the nature of the outstanding contracts.

USES OF FUNDS DEFINED.

The funds are "to be applied only to instruction in agriculture, the mechanic arts, the English language, and the various branches of mathematical, physical, natural and economic science, with special reference to their applications in the industries

1 For fuller information see Federal Laws, Regulations, and Rulings Affecting the Land-Grant Colleges of Agriculture and Mechanic Arts. U. S. Bureau of Education, 1911,

of life, and to the facilities for such instruction" and "for providing courses for the special preparation of instructors for teaching the elements of agriculture and mechanic arts." It is held that this language authorizes the purchase with this money of apparatus, machinery, textbooks, reference books, stock, and material used in instruction, or for the purposes of illustration in connection with any of the branches enumerated, and the payment of salaries of instructors in said branches only; but, in case of machinery (such as boilers, engines, pumps, etc.) and farm stock, which are made to serve for both instructional and other purposes, the Federal funds may be charged with only an equitable portion of the cost of said machinery and stock.

BUILDINGS.

The expenditure of any portion of these funds for the purchase, erection, preservation, or repair of any building or buildings under any pretense whatever is specifically prohibited by the act (sec. 3); the purchase of land is not allowable (decision of Assistant Attorney General, Mar., 1891), nor expenditures for permanent improvement to buildings, grounds, and farms, such as clearing, draining, and fencing of land.

SALARIES OF ADMINISTRATIVE OFFICERS.

The salaries of purely administrative officers, such as treasurers (decision of Assistant Attorney General, Mar. 7, 1894), presidents, secretaries, bookkeepers, janitors, watchmen, etc., can not be charged to this fund, nor the salaries of other administrative officers, like superintendents, foremen, and matrons, and the wages of unskilled laborers and assistants in shops, laboratories, and fields; nor can it be expended for heating or lighting buildings, musical instruments, military equipment, furniture, cases, shelving, desks, blackboards, tables, lockers, salaries of instructors in philosophy, psychology, ethics, logic, history, political science, civics, pedagogy, military science and tactics, and in ancient and modern languages (except English). When an administrative officer also gives instruction in any of the branches of study mentioned in the act of August 30, 1890, or when an instructor gives such instruction and also devotes part of his time to giving instruction in branches of study not mentioned in the said act, only a part of such person's salary proportionate to the time devoted to giving instruction in the branches of study mentioned in the said act of August 30, 1890, can be charged to these funds. In the division of time between instructional and other services, one hour of instruction shall be regarded as the equivalent of two hours of administrative, supervisory, or experiment station work.

EXTENSION WORK.

No part of the funds received under the provisions of the acts of 1890 and 1907 may be used for any form of extension work, and all instruction must be given at the institutions receiving these funds, except that a reasonable portion of the funds provided by the act of 1907 may be used for the instruction of teachers in agriculture, mechanic arts, and domestic science at summer schools, teachers' institutes, and by correspondence, and in supervising and directing work in these subjects in high schools.

TRAINING OF TEACHERS.

All or a part of the funds provided by the act of March 4, 1907, may be used "for providing courses for the special preparation of instructors for teaching the elements of agriculture and mechanic arts." It is held that this language authorizes expenditures for instruction in the history of agriculture and industrial education, in methods of teaching agriculture, mechanic arts, and home economics, and also for special aid and supervision given to teachers actively engaged in teaching agriculture, mechanic arts, and home economics in public schools. It does not authorize expenditures for general courses in pedagogy, psychology, history of education, and methods of teaching.

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