(11) Effects of inshore dragging: In inshore waters there is a conflict of interest among the commercial ground fish, lobster, and sport fishery. The question of the effect that dragging has on the bottom, on lobster operations, on sport fish in nearby grounds, and on other species of fish is often raised. A program designed to obtain answers to some of these questions would require the exclusive use of a 60-foot research vessel.

(12) Replacement of antiquated laboratories: The present condition of the Woods Hole Laboratory is an obvious example of conditions that exist in other New England areas.

(13) Research vessels: The Albatross III is uneconomical for present needs. It is the plan of the Fish and Wildlife Service to sell this vessel and the Alaska, which is now in the Gulf of Mexico. With the funds realized on these sales, a new vessel, about 120 feet in length, is to be purchased.

A second research vessel would be required if the flounder and scallop projects were initiated. An 80-foot dragger would suffice for this. This vessel could also do the field work necessary for the redfish and whiting programs. At present some of the redfish work is done by charter.

Two additional vessels would be required for the herring, mackerel, and inshore dragging programs. Costs of the latter two vessels have been included in the cost estimates for the respective projects.

Includes $60,000 for 60-foot research vessel.

Part II. Statistical program

The present statistical program and market news service should be expanded to increase the canvas of landings in southern New England and to increase the service of market news.

Part III. Exploratory fishing and gear development

The trend in exploratory fishing research and gear development, especially noticeable in reports from foreign countries, such as England, Iceland, Denmark, etc., is to fish in extreme depths of from 250 to 500 fathoms. It is also the trend to develop new devices, such as, sonar, asdic, electric fishing devices, television, etc., for the location of fish. At the present time, the offshore trawling fleet of the North Atlantic area operates under a 12-day trip limit during the winter months and a 10-day limit during the summer months. Owners of the vessels expect highest possible payloads and, consequently, operate on known fishing grounds where areas or deeper depths than those presently fished.

Throughout the Gulf of Maine and from Georges Bank to Grand Bank, there are many areas that await the results of exploratory work before assessment of their value as fishing grounds can be determined. Successful fulfillment in the exploratory fishing and gear development program, while comparatively expensive, would accrue many benefits to the United States fishing industry.

A continuing program of exploratory fishing and gear development research for the North Atlantic area should encompass the following:

(1) Exploration of waters between Georges Bank and Newfoundland for discovery of unexplored fishing grounds for groundfish, such as haddock and ocean perch, should be carried out. This would entail research in areas of the Northwest Atlantic hitherto not fished, and also entail the exploration of fishing grounds in waters much deeper than those now fished. New devices such as sonar, asdic, electric fishing devices, television, etc., will be evaluated wherever possible in connection with the exploratory fishing program.

(2) Tuna fishing: Limited research carried out by the Government during the past 3 years indicates that the industry in the North Atlantic area may be on the threshold of establishing a tuna industry. Trials in previous years included fishing for tuna with purse seines, long lines, and gill nets. Reports from fishermen fishing for other species of fish indicate that tuna can be caught on hook and line in many areas of the North Atlantic. A study encompassing the operation of a live-bait tuna clipper for operation in New England waters would, it is believed, add considerably to the knowledge of the evaluation of methods to be used in the capture of tuna and possibly provide the answer to the capture of fish of this species in large commercial quantity.

(3) Shrimp fishing: It is believed there are promising potentialities in establishing a Gulf of Maine shrimp fishery to catch shrimp in sizable quantities, utilizing medium otter trawlers for fishing in deep water during the period March to August.

(4) Herring fishing: The use of midwater trawls in foreign countries for the capture of herring indicates that the possibility of the adaptation of such fishing gear to the capture of herring in waters off the North Atlantic coast might be fruitful. This type of gear is comparatively inexpensive and might pay off handsomely in the capture of herring. The use of detection devices, such as sonar, asdic, or related devices in the location of fish in midwater is contemplated in connection with a study of this kind. A vessel assigned to herring biological research could be used for this purpose. The study con

templated under this section should be applied simultaneously to the mackerel fishery.

(5) Scallop fishing: Vessel owners, fishermen, and processors are of the opinion that fishing grounds of which scallop draggers now operate are being seriously depleted of this important resource. The North Atlantic scallop fishery is centered at New Bedford and contributes much to the economic health of that community. Discovery of new fishing grounds for scallops are essential if the industry is to continue to thrive. A Government operated dragger for use in exploration of new fishing grounds is essential at this time. A vessel assigned to collecting for biological investigation of scallops could be used for this purpose.

Funds obtained under S. 2802 (Saltonstall-Kennedy: to further encourage the distribution of fishery products and for other purposes) would enable technological research to be conducted on those basic problems which the industry cannot effectively handle by giving effect to the recommendations of the Secretaries of State ond Commerce and of the United States Tariff Commission to the House Committee on Merchant Marine and Fisheries entitled "Effect on the Domestic Fishing Industry on Increasing Imports of Fresh and Frozen Fish" (see Document 18 under H. R. 174), in which it is stated on page 68 under "Recommendation":

In view of the foregoing analysis, it would seem constructive for the Congress to provide funds for the appropriate governmental agencies to cooperate with and aid industry in developing and expanding progress for the further improvement of techniques and facilities for catching, storing, processing, transporting, and marketing of fish.

The provision that authorizes the Department of the Interiorto cooperate with other agencies of the Federal Government with State or local governmental agencies, private agencies, organizations, or individuals having jurisdiction over or an interest in fish or fishery commodities—

should be implemented by funds obtained under the Saltonstall-Kennedy bill by cooperating with any recognized established school of fisheries in New England by providing facilities at Government technological laboratories for the training of graduate students by carrying out research projects for credit for advanced degrees: thus encouraging the students of these institutions to become interested in the fishing industry.

A continuing program of technological research for the North Atlantic area should encompass the following:

(1) Provision of adequate building and equipment facilities to carry out a comprehensive technologic research program. The facilities currently available for carrying out a limited technological program are of wood construction and house a small laboratory and pilot plant. They are in a very poor state of repair and indeed are inadequate even for the current work. The docking facilities at this location are in a state of near collapse.

Facilities in a new building would provide for technological laboratories, pilot plant area, dock gear studies, and graduate student training. Work of the type planned in such that the building and docking facilities be in a major fish-producing center in close proximity to fish-processing plants, freezers, and cold storage. It is also necessary that the station be located near educational institutions so that library facilities may be available.

(2) Provision of a suitable vessel and adequate vessel equipment for continuous operation in carrying out technological research, deck gear development, and related research. It is contemplated that the research trawler motor vessel Delaware, recently procured from the Department of Defense, will be used for the above studies.

(3) Develop methods for the preservation of fish on fishing vessels so that raw material will be of more uniform quality when landed and payloads of vessels will be larger. This should include research on the freezing of fish, chilling of fish in refrigerated sea water, study of the efficacy of antibiotics, such as aureomycin and others, in the ice that is used for the preservation of fish on vessels.

(4) Research on the byproducts of the fishing industry. This should include basic research on the waste from the haddock, cod, pollock, redfish, and scallop fishery, which is currently thrown away at sea. Investigations into the possible use of waste materials from fish as raw material for isolation of hormones, enzymes, biochemicals, and other such products should be carried out.

(5) Research on the food value of some of the newly developed fish products, such as fish sticks, frozen chowders, canned fish products, etc., should be carried out and publicized so that the consumer can be made more fully aware of the excellent qualities of fishery products as food.

(6) An extensive study of the methods used in the handling of frozen fishery products after thye leave the manufacturing plant should be undertaken. The adequacy of methods used in transit and frozen cold storage during distribution and at retail levels should be investigated.

(7) Develop new food and non food used for species of fish now largely unused; e. g., mud hake, skate, shark, etc.

(8) Develop more fully for use as food such species as pollock, and others that are in great abundance.

(9) Develop physical and chemical tests for freshness of chilled and frozen fish and shellfish to provide means for control of quality of fishery products distributed to the consumer.

(10) Develop industry-approved standards and specifications for fishery products as an aid to efficient and practical marketing.

(11) Maintain a technical service unit designed to advise the fishermen and members of the fishery industries of the results of technological research and methods of industrial application.

(12) Research on the flavor components of fish with a view toward retaining the desirable flavor and increasing the palatability and acceptability of fishery products should be undertaken.

(13) Develop improved fillet processing procedures through pilotplant study and handling, sanitation, and packing.

(14) Develop improved deck gear on fishing vessels to reduce accidents to fishermen. High insurance rates for fishing vessels make studies of this kind imperative.

Part V. Education and market development

Funds obtained will be used to carry out studies designed to promote and stimulate wider use of fish. Studies would include fish cookery demonstrations, film showing, and informal discussions before school groups (school lunch), institutions, and service groups of civic nature. Market studies would be undertaken to ascertain the kind of fish products the consuming public likes best.

I would like to comment briefly on the economic situation in the New England fisheries and study that the passage of this bill could provide. If you were to analyze the New England fisheries over the past 100 years you would notice that the harvest is decreasing each year, despite the increase in fishing intensity.