The famous dancer, Isadora Duncan, fled from tedious Broadway and came to the poor east side to receive artistic inspiration. These are all examples of the last few months and hundreds of such examples can be found.

The east side is the center of lectures, debates, musical and literary evenings, etc. From the east side libraries the greatest number of serious books are drawn. The east side theaters have begun to play Ibsen, Hauptman, and Strindberg at the same time that Broadway amuses the people with trained dogs and horses. (Der Tog, July 8, 1915, LN, VA4b.)

9. NATIONALISM AND WAR.

President Butler, of Columbia University, in his report yesterday to the trustees of Columbia expressed several very interesting ideas regarding nationalism and war. Doctor Butler says that we must develop in every person international feelings. We must teach the youth that a citizen of a large country is not an enemy; that he is a friend. We have to teach them to think of peace and harmony, and by these means war will be avoided instead of strengthening the feeling for war by nationalism.

But that does not imply that one should not feel love and patriotism for his own nation-only that nationalism is dangerous. It leads to war, which results in hatred; not the quiet and peaceful nationalism which demands that we should cherish and remain true to our national honor, our national hopes and ideals. The opponents of war, the apostles of peace and of internationalism, are also nationalists, but in the higher and more idealistic sense. They wish that their nation should achieve honor and culture, enjoy art, etc., but not necessarily upon the battle field. (Tageblatt, November 18, 1914, NN, XIII, A.) B. Editorials containing two points:

10. NATIVE AMERICANS NEED THE FOURTH OF JULY.

We have already written about the splendid idea of Commissioner of Immigration, Doctor Howe, and Acting Mayor George McAneny, who have made all preparations to convert the celebration of the Fourth of July into a festival for the Americanization of immigrants.

We have applauded this idea as an attempt to make clear to the population the great significance and value of American freedom and American citizenship. The festival of Fourth of July, Independence Day, the day of American independence, is the best time to acquaint the present and future citizens of the United States with the high ideals of humanity and equality that inspired those who framed the American Constitution. On this day it is most appropriate to show to the immigrant that America is not only the land of the dollar, the land of great material possibilities, but that it is still more the land of unlimited spiritual possibilities, the place of high ideals and of unlimited possibilities for growth and development to those who did not enjoy such opportunities in their fatherlands or stepmother lands.

We want to call attention here to another point which makes Americanization day especially significant.

This is not merely a festival for immigrants, this is a national holiday, a festival of American ideals. The entire American community, native-born Americans, are interested in this day not less than the immigrants, and perhaps

more.

The immigrant, especially one who comes from a land in which he was oppressed or persecuted, may perhaps appreciate the significance of American freedom without any special festivals. The immigrant for whom it is possible to compare his present freedom with his former limitations, values American citizenship, even if it is not pointed out to him.

The native Americans, however, do not know what lack of freedom meansthey have not felt the taste of national, religious, and cultural oppression. They have received American freedom in finished form as a matter of fact, as something into which one is born. They are often, therefore, inclined not to value American freedom as it should be, and when we hear in America of different plans to limit freedom, they almost always emanate from native-born Americans and not from immigrants.

Americanization day is perhaps more necessary for those who are citizens of America by birth than those who become citizens of their own free choice.

It is necessary to show them that the great hordes of newly arrived citizens are not competitors who come to exploit America, but that they are the future

champions of a better America that will realize in full measure the principles and ideals of the early founders of this great American Republic. (Der Tog, July 5, 1915, NNIB(3), ID(4).)

11. AMERICANIZING THE AMERICANS.

Theodore Roosevelt, speaking about the new movement to convert the Fourth of July into a day for Americanization of immigrants, calls attention to the fact that there are a sufficient number of Americans whom it would be well to Americanize. He says people can not teach others that which they do not know themselves. No one can give that which he does not have.

Ex-President Roosevelt in a notable article on 'Americanization Day" in the current issue of the Metropolitan Magazine, says:

"People can not teach what they do not themselves know. They can not give what they do not themselves possess. Let the present self-respecting dutyperforming American man and woman show their real and hearty fellow feeling with and respect for the immigrant by trying to help that immigrant to a loftier patriotism and to the practical application of such patriotism in every-day life in the home and the neighborhood, the State and the Nation.

Mr. Roosevelt has succinctly summed up all that Independence Day means. "Devotion to, aye, sacrifice for home and country. That is what the signers of the Declaration of Independence had in mind when they appended their names to this great humanizing document.

"Our own lives must express the loftiest ideals of Americanism and of American institutions. Our example must teach the world that there is something higher than material possessions.

"Americanization day should mean for all of us humanity and the love for what is right, noble, and pure.

In those words of the ex-President there is a very fine thought. It is necessary for immigrants to Americanize themselves in the highest sense of the word, but the Americans are in need of that sort of Americanization just as much as are the immigrants.

The Americans who stood with revolvers in their hands back of Governor Slayton's house and were prepared to lynch him, those men need Americanization much more than do the honest and quiet immigrants. The ex-Governor of Georgia, Mr. Brown, and Mr. Watson are also very much in need of Americanization. It would be no more than right that we should have an Americanization day, not only for immigrant Jews and Italians but also for the native Americans who do not know how a decent American ought to behave.

But that does not mean that the immigrant is not in need of Americanization. It is necessary for all who enjoy the prosperity and protection of this country to know what free government means and to participate in all civic responsibilities as a citizen of this great American Republic. (Tageblatt, July 2, 1915, NN, (IB3)-ID(4).

12. NEW YORK, A HEALTHY AND HONEST CITY.

We have known for a long time that New York has many virtues but the statistics of last year places New York among the highest with regard to two important matters: Health and honesty.

This statement puts an end to the opinion that the larger a city becomes the worse health conditions become. This opinion has been hitherto considered as definite about which no questions are to be asked. There are quite a number of "certain" things which prove themselves to be quite uncertain when they are scrutinized more carefully. Who can not understand that where the population is smaller, the air clearer, and the streets wider, the rate of mortality should be lower than in the narrow, crowded large city, and yet statistics show that New York is one of the healthiest cities in the country, despite our tenements, our East Side, and all other crowded sections.

Common sense dictates that where

It is the same with regard to criminality. the city is larger criminality and degeneracy should be more rampant. The large city is a better hiding place for all sorts of banidts. Here they can protect themselves more easily against the police and here all criminals have more room for activity. The plain, cold figures show that in New York there were committed comparatively fewer crimes than in other cities.

New York is a healthy and a safe city. This does not have to prevent anyone, however, from going to the country and seeking his fortune there if he thinks that he can get along better there than here. We would not want that the movement which has been going for years from New York to the country should stop. (Tageblatt, January 9, 1912, IN, V A (4) B, IV C.)

13. ROOSEVELT AND WAR.

There are many, many things for which we have always liked Theodore Roosevelt. Above all, we like him because he does not seek the trodden paths of the threshed-out politicians nor the threshed-out words of the beaten routine whenever he had to say or do something.

We always liked him because he not only had the courage to think differently from others, but he also (which is more important) had the courage to express that which was different.

But we must admit that we never admired him more strongly than during the last few weeks, because of his attitude toward the present war.

The English newspapers do not write much about Roosevelt's attitude toward the war.

They can not write. To agree with him means to strengthen his influence. To criticize him? But his point of view is so strong, his logic so keen, that every attempt to "tear him down" would have an opposite effect.

And the newspapers are silent and the press says nothing about Roosevelt's criticism of the war. And that which every citizen, every person would have to raise to-day as the greatest and most important issue not only of this day but also of our generation passes by us calmly. What is Roosevelt's attitude?

What is his message to the people?

He declares that while President Wilson is right in declaring America neutral in this war and while it is absolutely necessary that America remain neutral to the end, it does not mean that our neutrality should destroy our political conscience, should bind our tongues against expressing our feelings of disgust, of fear, and condemnation against brutalities and meanness that are committed in the war and which must violate every feeling of right and humanity.

And while it all right, Roosevelt says, to make treaties of peace and arbitration among the different countries in the world, as is being done now by Wilson, this war has proven how silly and aimless all the treaties written on paper are when there is no really strong physical power, that is, a fleet and an army to compel the other countries to obey these treaties.

Wilson, Roosevelt says, has done well to inform the world that America will stand aside in this war, but, at the same time, it was his duty, Wilson's duty, to protect against the forceful violation of Belgium's neutrality by Germany after Germany had promised by treaty to guard and protect its neutrality. What is the aim and purpose of all treaties in this world if at the first opportunity and excuse, when it suits one or the other side, this treaty may be declared to be a 'piece of paper" and they can do whatever they want. * * * And there is no doubt that Roosevelt is right; and despite our great respect for Wilson and our great confidence in his administration, we feel that he has allowed one of the greatest opportunities to pass when America could have appeared before the world as the upholder of true culture and civilization. All are anxious for our good opinion, for our good will. Wilhelm, Nicholas, the French Republic, the English Monarchy, even Turkey considers the feeling and opinion of America.

* * *

At a time when countries who are proud of their civilization and who boasts of their culture, lower themselves to the stage of playing cannibals and barbarians, it is ridiculous to hide one's self behind "neutrality" with our principles and feelings, and allow the beast in man not only perfect freedom on land and sea and in the air, but also in our conscience and our understanding.

Neutrality means simply not to meddle in the war-not to help either side with armies, with people, or with any means of killing people.

Neutrality does not mean, however, to remove the heart of the people and substitute therefor a stone, to muzzel our mouths and to put ice on our brains. Neutrality does not mean to embrace barbarism. Neutrality does not mean to flatter brutality. In this we agree with Roosevelt. (Warheit, November 10, 1914. NN, XVIŤ B., XXIX A.)

14. THE VICTORY OF THE LOCAL UNIONS AND THE JEWISH TRAGEDY IN RUSSIA.

The cloak makers' difficulty has ended with the complete recognition of the union's rights. What the union claimed all along since the protocol was broken off-namely, that the union is strong enough to stand on its own feet without a protocol that has been confirmed in a splendid, impressive way.

Several days ago our quarters seethed because of the victory of the tailors' union. To-day we are celebrating the festival of the great Cloak Makers' Union.

The decision of the mayor's committee is a complete victory for the union The employers have now issued a circular advising their members not to be in any hurry to accept any permanent settlement. Well, that is perhaps not business like and also un-American. But that is not dangerous. Their circular merely makes them look ridiculous. The union not only has the trade in its hands, not only the sympathy of all workers of America, but public opinion is also on its side.

The mayor's committee did not consist of workers. It consisted of persons who associate with millionaires. But they are interested in social questions. It was an absolutely impartial committee. and its members are prominent people who are respected throughout the entire country.

Will the employers dare to disregard the decision of such an arbitration committee? Will they dare to resume the fight with the great, truly mighty union? It is ridiculous.

The great winter season is beginning. A great deal of work is expected. The decision of the mayor's committee will be carried out. * * *

15. HOW SHALL WE GATHER MONEY FOR THE JEWISH WAR SUFFERERS?

All are going about with one source of sorrow and one question. The sorrow is caused by our hundreds of thousands and perhaps millions of Jewish war sufferers, and the question is "How shall we help them?"

It is really a question of life and death. Hundreds of thousands are dying of starvation and with 7 cents a day a life can be sustained.

We are concerned here with the duties which we, as Jews in America, owe to the victims of these outrages. The main question is, "What shall be done in order to gather sums of money?". * * *

In such a way all great things are accomplished in America. In such a way, and only in such a way, great undertakings achieve success. Without that, there will be no results but speeches and debates

* *

*

Naturally there must be worked out a system of control over the charity boxes. All are anxious to help; but everything must be done with system and energy-in a real American way. Only then will we have results. (Vorwarts, July 28, 1915, N J, VIII A, I D.)

16. GOV. MOSES ALEXANDER.

We take great pleasure in presenting to our readers and especially to the young men his excellency, Moses Alexander, Governor of the State of Idaho, United States of America.

We want you to know this gentleman because he is a Jew, a real Jew, president of Cong. Beth Israel, member of St. Joseph Lodge, No. 73, Independent Order B'nai B'rith.

Isn't he an interesting individual, this Governor of Idaho-this first Jew to be elected anywhere in the United States to that high office? And isn't he even more interesting more worth knowing-because he is a real Jew? So many of us are apt to imagine that by being Jews we are burdened with a terrible responsibility. That being a Jew handicaps us, defeats our ambitions, thwarts our careers, and puts obstacles in the paths of our progress. Well, then, here is one Jew who didn't find this faith a handicap, whose career was not blighted because of it. He was elected because he is a real Jew. He did not hold himself aloof from Jewish interests, and yet he was elected governor of the sovereign State of Idaho.

Who elected him? The Jews of Idaho? There is only one Jewish congregation in the entire State, that of Boise city, of which he is president. He was therefore not elected by the Jewish vote. But he was elected by the men and women of Idaho because they felt that the affairs of their State would be safest in the hands of Moses Alexander, statesman, synagogue leader-Jew!

Here, indeed is something for everyone who thinks that being a Jew is somehow harmful to him to think about.

But yes, there is a "but." If Mr. Moses Alexander had not done one thing which most Jews in America will not do, he might never have been heard of. He had the good sense to get away; away to the West, where a man who is a man, has elbowroom, where he can display his true qualities without being hampered by the cramping conditions of the tumultuous city. Many young men are wasting themselves away in the big cities of the East who have the same qualities as this Jewish governor, except perhaps his courage. Perhaps none of them, imitating Mr. Alexander's example, would attain his rank, but they would reach a higher

rung on life's ladder than they will ever reach in the crowded, cold, and indifferent cities.

Two lessons stand out clearly when we think of Governor Alexander. They are: (1) Go West, young Jew! (2) If you go West, be proud and frank, and above all, be a Jew like the Governor of the State of Idaho. (Tageblatt, November 23, 1914, NN, VE2, IV C.)

C. Editorials containing three points:

17. THE CHANGE IN WASHINGTON.

The great official change which occurs to-day in Washington, when William Howard Taft makes place for Woodrow Wilson as President of the United States, reveals the spirit of the American people, and is an example for all free people in the world. We can not compare this historical occurrence with the installation of the new President of France several weeks ago, for there, in truth, everything remained exactly as it was before. The President of France was elected by Parliament, by the members of the House of Deputies of the Senate, who themselves were elected years ago. They have selected one who agrees with them and who will not be able to control their actions even a tenth as much as the President of the United States influences the actions of Congress. Here the new President was elected by the people themselves after one of the most heated and hotly contested political struggles that has ever been conducted. The passions, the prejudiced selfishness of tens of millions of citizens, have contributed to months of excitement.

The decision on the day of election was a big surprise. A great party which has ruled for 16 years was almost destroyed. The President about whom most inhabitants of the land have had and still have a good opinion personally, was defeated worse than any candidtae of a large party that the oldest inhabitants can remember. A man who four years ago was unknown to ninety-nine out of every hundred inhabitants of the land was elected to be the mighty representative of the greatest Republic of the world. He assumes the duties of his office with a solid Congress of his own party behind him, with a Cabinet of new men, of whom not one has held any important executive office before. There begins a new chapter of political history.

The change is greater than in other countries after a bloody revolution, and still the mass of the people are happy and unconcerned. The gaiety and the indifference do not arise from the conviction that the change is a good one * * * But there is rooted in the hearts of the American people a conviction that we must accept the results of the election; that when we have once voted and counted the votes, the struggle is at an end, and there is no other choice than to accept the leaders and party that won out

* * *

All hope

Woodrow Wilson becomes to-day President of the entire Nation. for the best. All wish him a successful administration. (Morgen Journal, March 4, 1913, NN, ID (2), L E VI D.)

18. SUBWAY WORKERS AS CITIZENS.

A new difficulty in the building of the New York subways which has arisen over the question as to the citizenship of the workers is proof of the danger in allowing the Poor Laws to remain on the statutes. We believe that the law that only a citizen may be employed to do such work as digging subways is a poor one, because it is well known that this type of work is always done by "newcomers" and that natives do not want to perform such tasks. But, officers and contractors have no right to decide what laws they want to observe and which laws they do not like. There are lawful ways in which we can get rid of a poor law and it is a crime to employ other methods.

If this law had been strictly enforced from the first day that it went into effect, it would doubtless long ago have been removed or it might have been changed so as not to be a source of hindrance to useful municipal undertakings. The man who is five or six years in this country and who can speak English-these are the present requirements of citizenship-can usually find much better work than digging tunnels; even 20 or 30 per cent higher wages than the subway diggers are paid at present would not attract him to this work. It would therefore not be difficult to convince the lawmakers in Albany that it ought to be sufficient for one to have his "first" papers to be permitted to do such work.

It could also be proven that when this law was adopted 17 years ago, it was very easy to become a citizen, that the entire plan was carried through in order 85675-24-SER 2—a