for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Alabama?

There was no objection.

At the time this was imposed, many years ago, I spoke against it at that time. I pointed out it would not be taken off in any one year, as was contemplated. It has run on for 12 years, and thousands of the smaller theaters have gone out of business. If we will repeal this tax it will prevent many thousand others from going out of business.

TOBIN

Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House and to revise and extend my remarks.

Mr. BATTLE. Mr. Speaker, as one of the Members introducing a resolution on the subject, House Concurrent Resolution 136, I rise in support of the bipartisan effort to bring about disarmament and the end of this terrible war through THE LATE HONORABLE MAURICE J. peaceful means. Let us not underestimate the psychological effort of a United States proposal for the world to disarm so the resources can be used for the benefit of the people instead of further destruction. The United States is the most powerful nation in the world. People with the spirit of freedom in their hearts all over the globe, even behind the Iron Curtain, are looking to us for leadership. I should say especially those people behind the Iron Curtain are looking to us for leadership because they know all too well the unbearable torture of living with a gun in their back, and they have recently shown by dramatic demonstrations that they are waiting for a chance to overthrow their oppressors.

Mr. Speaker, we must not be discouraged in this great task. Often the sun shines brightest following a storm. I well remember talking with a friend one Monday morning at a meeting when I chanced to remark that it looked as if it were going to rain all week. My friend, to my surprise, indicated that things might not be so bad. That afternoon the sun was shining brighter than I had ever seen it before.

We should combine this positive psychological approach with our necessary armed might. Why not present to the world a workable, peaceful alternative with adequate safeguards?

Mr. Speaker, the countries which really have peaceful intentions and unselfish motives regarding aggression and human rights can readily rally around a disarmament program with the proper safeguards. The countries which are only giving lip service to the dignity of man will show their true colors with excuses and stalling tactics which will further aline the God-fearing and freedomloving peoples of the world against them and hasten the ultimate destruction of such forces within their own countries.

Mr. Speaker, I believe we can all support this resolution with a prayer that it will help to obtain ultimate peace and good will among men.

REPEALING AMUSEMENT TAX ON THEATERS

Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to address the House for 1 minute and to revise and extend my remarks.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Oklahoma?

There was no objection.

Mr. WICKERSHAM. Mr. Speaker, I hope there will be no objection to the bill, H. R. 157, today, which repeals the iniquitous amusement tax on theaters.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Massachusetts?

There was no objection.

Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, it is a sad duty for me today to announce to the House of Representatives the death of a great American and public official, and a close personal friend of mine, the former Secretary of Labor, Maurice J. Tobin. When Mrs. McCormack and I received the news of his sudden death, it was a distinct shock to the both of us.

The career of Maurice J. Tobin was most outstanding, resembling very much

the story of Horatio Alger's characters. He took advantage of the opportunities that existed under our form of government and rose to great heights in city, State, and Nation.

My late friend, Maurice Tobin, was born in Roxbury, a part of Boston, Mass., some 52 years ago. I knew his late father and mother, both God-loving persons, and they imparted to Maurice Tobin those teachings and fundamentals that are based on truth, and that he followed throughout hi throughout his life. They equipped him for the interesting and outstanding life that he enjoyed at the

time of his death.

The story of Maurice Tobin is one of determination, of courage, of devotion all, he clearly evidenced throughout his to duty, of loyalty to friends, and above

life his love of God and his love of country. I can remember him as a young man running for his first public office, the house of representatives, that he then clearly showed personality, energy, and resourcefulness which, as the years passed, developed, leading him along more prominent pathways of public life.

As a young man he was first elected by the people of his ward to the Massachusetts House of Representatives. Thereafter he was elected to the Boston School Committee and reelected. At 36 years of age he was elected mayor of Boston, which position he filled for 2 terms, covering a period of 8 years. He gave the city of Boston an administration that was outstanding and will place him among the great mayors of Boston. In 1944, at 43 years of age, he was elected Governor of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, serving as the chief executive of Massachusetts for a period of 2 years. He gave to the people of Massachusetts outstanding service and during chusetts outstanding service and during his administration great progress was made, not only in the field of business

and finance, but in the field of social progress.

In 1948 former President Harry S. Truman appointed him to his Cabinet to the position of Secretary of Labor, which position he filled with ability, with distinction, with courage, and in an honorable and trustworthy manner. As President Truman well said in his statement yesterday: He

Maurice Tobin

was a great man, a great mayor of Boston, and a great Governor of Massachusetts. He was one of the best Secretaries of Labor this country ever had.

I agree with President Truman. My late friend, Maurice Tobin, will go down in history as one of our greatest Secretaries of Labor. Maurice Tobin was very highly thought of by the late President Franklin D. Roosevelt as well as by former President Harry S. Truman. He enjoyed the confidence and respect of those great Presidents.

The relationship between Maurice Tobin and myself was very close. Mrs. McCormack and I admired and respected him very much, and entertained for him a strong feeling of friendship. I was proud of the service that he rendered as

legislator, as school committeeman, as proud of the outstanding service he renmayor, as Governor, and, above all, I was dered to our country as Secretary of Labor.

While he had a great career up to the time of his death, it had only started. I was looking to Maurice Tobin for further

public service, either in elective or appointive office. He had many years ahead of him. His death came at a time when at an early age, in a comparatively short period of time, he had obtained a wealth of knowledge and experience in important and responsible positions that equipped him for greater public service. He enjoyed the confidence and the respect of the people of Massachusetts and there is no question but what the future held greater things in store for him. His public and private life was exemplary. The public success and progress did not diminish, but enhanced his private integrity and personal character. He was a man of deep religious faith. His family life was one of love and devotion to Mrs. Tobin and their children. He was a good husband and a good father.

The Commonwealth of Massachusetts and the Nation has lost a loyal son and a fearless fighter for their interests. Our country has lost a man whose career was and will continue to be an inspiration to young and old alike because he worked and fought his way to high public trust by virtue of his own natural ability and force and nobility of character. Our Nation has lost one of its ablest and devoted public servants. Mrs. McCormack and I have lost a valued and loyal friend.

To Mrs. Tobin, his gracious and lovely wife who was an inspiration to Maurice Tobin throughout their married life, and to his fine family, Mrs. McCormack and I extend our heartfelt sympathy in their great loss and sorrow.

If young men in Massachusetts and throughout the country will emulate the public and private life of Maurice Tobin, they will have an example to follow that will lead them to greatness and happiness.

Mr. McCORMACK. I yield to the gentleman from Massachusetts [Mr. BOLAND].

Mr. BOLAND. Mr. Speaker, the news of the sudden and unexpected death of Maurice J. Tobin has left thousands of heavy hearts throughout the United States. As a close friend of his, I find it extremely difficult to realize that this good and great man has been called from our midst in the prime of his life. The story of Maurice J. Tobin has been written many times in the past-it is one that will be penned many times in the future. For, indeed, it is the story of America's opportunities-her greatness and her goodness. Born of immigrant parents, newsboy, laborer, businessman, legislator, chairman of the school committee-all combined to have the people of Boston twice select him as their mayor. Then followed the highest honor that the people of Massachusetts could bestow on one of its own sons, Governor of Massachusetts. Finally, he was called by President Truman to the service of the United States as Secretary of Labor. This is a record that comes to but few men. Though he scaled the dizzy heights of political success, he always kept the basic virtues sharply in focus. Adoration for his God, devotion for his magnificent wife and lovely children, steadfast in his friendships, respect for those with whom he disagreed-these were his hallmarks. Possessed of tireless, unbounded energy, he realized that each responsibility was but another opportunity to better serve his God and his country.

Though "he walked with kings, he

never lost the common touch."

He knew the problems of the people because he was one of them. The mentally sick, the laborer, the veteran-all were his concern. As Governor of Mas

sachusetts, he expanded and improved the mental hospitals of our great State. He instituted one of the finest veterans housing projects in the entire United States.

Cracking the hard shell of politics at an early age, all through his life he encouraged young men to public service. The numbers he assisted are countless and the success that they have attained has been remarkable. Indeed, he was in life as he will be in death, an inspiration and brilliant example to young men. The values he pleaded for were the values that made our people a great people. He had faith in America, and this faith drove him from coast to coast, from Canada to the gulf in bringing home to the American people the fullest meaning of our way of life. He has departed this life at an early age. There is no doubt but that he would have been called again by his people to their service. His loss is great. The memory of what he stood for will live forever.

To his wonderful wife, to his three fine children, Helen, Carol, and Maurice, Jr., to his brothers, I express

my profound sympathy in their hour of my profound sympathy in their hour of sorrow.

Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I yield to the gentlewoman from Massachusetts, [Mrs. ROGERS).

Mr.

Mrs. ROGERS of Massachusetts. Speaker, yesterday as I was motoring to Boston a little boy tossed in the automobile a paper and said: "Maurice Tobin is dead." I was deeply shocked, but I realized that the spirit of Maurice Tobin was not dead, that all of the fine things was not dead, that all of the fine things Maurice Tobin did, lived and would live

on.

Coming down on the Federal I thought of him. Always he asked every Massachusetts Member of Congress to ride in his automobile from the stationjust one of the many kind things he did. I never sent to him for help without receiving it, the finest kind of help. He never turned you aside. His spirit will live on to remind us that he was a great Cabinet member, a great gift to labor, a great gift to humanity.

He was ill the last several months, I understand, yet he did not falter. He was a great inspiration to us in Massachusetts and to us in the Nation.

What happened to him could happen only in America. A young man with fine ambitions, he won the confidence and help of members of both political parties. He retained the confidence and respect of these loyal friends to the end.

He had a wonderfully fine family, a devoted wife and three children, all of them in their teens. them in their teens. They have lost a father whose every thought was for their welfare and happiness. To them in their sudden bereavement goes the deep their sudden bereavement goes the deep sympathetic condolences of us all.

GENERAL PERMISSION TO EXTEND REMARKS

Mr. McCORMACK. Mr. Speaker, I

ask unanimous consent that all Members who desire to do so may have permission to extend their remarks at this

point in the RECORD on the life and char

acter of the late Maurice J. Tobin and also that all Members may have 5 legislative days in which to extend their remarks in the RECORD.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Massachusetts?

There was no objection.

Mr. RAYBURN. Mr. Speaker, the life of Maurice Tobin was a full and a great one. He truly served his day and generation.

It is to be regretted that his life should not have been spared for many years that he could have served even more fully.

Mr. KELLEY of Pennsylvania. Mr. Speaker, I was grieved and saddened by the news of the death of Maurice Tobin, former Secretary of Labor. He was an unusual man and one of strong_character. He was deeply religious and practiced the virtues of his religion. Few men whom I have known have commanded more esteem from their acquaintances than did Maurice Tobin. I enjoyed long association with him and learned that when he spoke of helping his fellow men he meant it. The country suffers a great loss in his passing. A man of his character cannot easily be replaced.

Mrs. Kelley and I knew the Tobins and appreciated their good, Christian way of

life, their sweetness, and many virtues. We extend to Mrs. Tobin and to the children our sincere condolences in this hour of their bereavement.

Mr. ROONEY. Mr. Speaker, I was literally shocked yesterday when I heard a television newscaster report the sudden untimely passing of Maurice J. Tobin, of Massachusetts.

It was my pleasure and privilege to have known Maurice Tobin quite intimately and I admired him for his sterling character and extraordinary ability. During his comparatively short lifetime he was mayor of Boston, Governor of Massachusetts, and Secretary of Labor under President Truman.

During his entire career he was in the forefront in behalf of the laboring man. The sincerity of his convictions and the spirit with which he gave his best to every cause he espoused will long be remembered by the people of our country.

To his wife and children I extend my deepest sympathy. I am sure that a kind and compassionate Providence will comfort them in this, their sad hour of bereavement.

Mr. LANE. Mr. Speaker, tall, slender, handsome-and with an amazing record of success in public life, it did not seem possible that he would ever grow old.

That is why it is so difficult to grasp the fact that his vitality is stilled for

ever.

Maurice J. Tobin was only 52 years of age when death suddenly drew the curtain on his career.

From State representative, to Boston school committeeman, to mayor of Boston, Governor of Massachusetts, and Secretary of Labor in President Truman's Cabinet, he was considered to be one of the most promising prospects of the Democratic Party on the national scene.

I first met him as a fellow member of the Massachusetts Legislature where his Irish charm, his knowledge, and human nature, and his determination to master all of the complex public problems proved that he had the qualities that single out a man for outstanding leadership.

He had a profound faith in the United States, its people, and its democratic processes. Whenever he could tear himself away from his overtime work, you would find him attending a football or baseball game at night, especially when a team from home was playing at Washington.

An exemplary family man, a devout Catholic, and a loyal Democrat, Maurice Tobin lived a good and useful life in the few years granted to him, and was richly rewarded by the thousands of friends that he met along the way.

He will always be remembered as one of the few Democratic leaders who actively campaigned for President Truman in 1948, when all signs pointed toward defeat. Such courage and loyalty are rare in political life. His faith was vindicated when Truman confounded all the experts and turned defeat into victory. That was the greatest moment in Maurice Tobin's career.

It was proof of Truman's integrity through thick and thin.

In the judgment of public opinion, he won the greatest honor of all by the tribute of being "A man of character."

Massachusetts has lost one of her most popular sons.

The gap left in the leadership of the Democratic Party will be hard to fill. The Nation grieves for a public servant who never forgot his humble origin and who sacrificed himself for the people because he had such faith in them and such affection for them.

Starting from the bottom, as a son of immigrant parents, and as a newsboy, he fought his way up the ladder of success by dint of hard and honest work that brought him recognition in the highest

councils of the Nation.

He never sought wealth or power to assure himself of his superiority over other men as some do. Maurice Tobin had a nobler objective-that of dedicating his life to constructive service in behalf of his fellow men. In that he succeeded as no other son of Massachusetts before him during his long and illustrious history.

He was not afraid to live and he was not afraid to die because he knew that the years that are spent in living for others, whether they be long or short, guide a man along the road to immortality.

The epitaph that he would like best is this: "I hope that other young men now dreaming of a public career may be encouraged in some small way by my example to give to their city, their State, and the Nation with honest minds and pure hearts, devoted to God and country. As long as men try their level best we have nothing to fear."

To his bereaved family, we offer our deep and abiding sympathy.

When the shock of this tragedy has eased they will be consoled and strengthened by the knowledge that Maurice J. Tobin left them with the finest heritage that any man can give to his wife and children-the memory of his life that was lived with high purpose and lasting accomplishment.

Mr. DONOHUE. Mr. Speaker, the startling news of the sudden and untimely passing of Maurice J. Tobin has brought a real sense of great personal grief and loss to me. I was honored to call him friend and have cherished our association for over 15 years.

There are hundreds of men prominent in all walks of life who are deeply saddened at his unexpected death. There are uncounted thousands of our so-called average Americans who will grieve upon his passing because he truly lived and died in the promotion of their welfare. Maurice Tobin was a man of steel-armored integrity, intense sincerity, zealous devotion to principle, unique loyalty, brilliant intelligence, persuasive personality, persevering industry and endowed with the impregnable courage of one who knew his philosophy of life was that of his Creator. He was as deeply interested in the welfare of a train conductor as he was in the tremendous political decisions of the President of the United States. His cheerful smile and friendly warmth made him beloved by kings and the underprivileged alike. Few men who

have exhausted their lives in the exacting field of political science have been as universally trusted and acclaimed.

Maurice Tobin was born in humble circumstances in Roxbury, Mass. He early decided that politics was the profession in which he could give the most of himself and his talents in the service of his people and his country. His rise. in his chosen field presents a rare record of personal achievement. He began his service as a member of the Boston School

Committee and in rapid succession rose to the high responsibilities of mayor of Boston, Governor of Massachusetts, and Secretary of Labor in the Cabinet of tinually, Maurice Tobin faced and overPresident Truman. Inevitably and con

came great odds throughout his whole jective with unsurpassed fervor and career. He hurled himself into every obenergy. His death at such an early age cut short the further advancement in national service for which his whole life had been in constant preparation.

The life of Maurice Tobin provides to our young people one of the brightest inspirations in our history toward the opportunity that exists in America for one born obscurely to rise to the highest

places in our national councils. The honesty of his life's purpose will be his most lasting and most fitting monument.

To his devoted and inspiring wife and his three wonderful children, Helen, Carol Ann, and Maurice, Jr., and brothers James and Timothy, I wish to express my profound sympathy. I know that Maurice's high faith and courage will sustain their sorrow with true Catholic understanding of the destiny of death. May the soul of a great man who worked so tirelessly for others rest in peace.

Mr. GOODWIN. Mr. Speaker, I was inexpressibly shocked to learn of the suden death of Hon. Maurice J. Tobin. We served together in the Massachusetts House of Representatives in 1927, and the friendship thus formed continued through the years during which he has been steadily moving onward in a notable career of public service. Among all the notable sons of Massachusetts who have achieved distinction in the public service, his career is unmatched; first, in a meteoric rise to public office with ever increasing power and responsibility and, second, in the number and importance of offices held covering the entire range of municipal, State, and national. He served his representative district in the legislature; the people of Boston as school committeeman and chairman; mayor of Boston, the largest city in the Bay State; Governor of the Commonwealth; and later as a member of the Cabinet of the President of the United States.

His passing at the early age of 52 cuts short a career in which there was much promise of still further service to the people of the State and Nation.

Maurice Tobin had a rare capacity for making friends and holding them. He was blessed with a most attractive personality, the ability to inspire confidence in all those with whom he came in contact, and a seemingly endless capacity for hard work and serious and continuous application to whatever duty he was called.

To Mrs. Tobin and the splendid family of children I extend my profound sympathy.

OIL FOR EDUCATION-A TIME FOR LEADERSHIP

Mr. DAWSON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent to extend my remarks at this point in the RECORD.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Utah? There was no objection.

Mr. DAWSON of Utah. Mr. Speaker, in his state of the Union message, President Eisenhower said:

Our school system demands some prompt, effective help. During each of the last 2 years, more than 1.5 million children have swelled the elementary and secondaryschool population of the country. Generally, the school population is proportionately higher in States with low per capita income. This whole situation calls for careful congressional study and action. I am sure you share my conviction that the firm conditions of Federal aid must be proved need and proved lack of income.

Mr. Speaker, the oil-for-education amendment has had congressional study, and the time for action is now as H. R. 5134 comes back to this House for conference with the Senate. The Senate amendments include the oil-for-education amendment, a bipartisan proposal sponsored and supported by members of the majority and the minority parties in the other Chamber.

This amendment commits the Congress to no definite scheme of Federal aid to education; it includes no formulas for distribution nor does it designate any specific educational activities to be aided. All these questions are matters that this Congress or future Congresses may decide. The oil-for-education amendment does only this: It dedicates to the exclusive use of education Federal revenues from the resources of the outer Continental Shelf. For 3 years, these revenues may be used for defense purposes, but after that they will be used exclusively for educational grants in aid to elementary, secondary, and higher education.

Mr. Speaker, that is no new and untried policy. It is an extension of the wisdom and foresight of those who in 1785 reserved one section of each township in the Northwest Territory for the common schools. It is the continuation of the truly conservative, and therefore truly progressive, policy of Justin Morrill, of Vermont, who was the author of the act of 1862 that granted public lands to each State for a college of agriculture and the mechanic arts. This great act was passed by a Republican Congress and signed by President Abraham Lincoln in times no less perilous for this Nation than our own.

Mr. Speaker, I see the oil-for-education amendment as an opportunity for the Congress to back up the words of President Eisenhower with deeds. It is an opportunity for the party of Lincoln and Morrill to dedicate the revenues from another great natural resource, the submerged lands of the outer Continental Shelf, to the future of our most precious human resource, the school children

of America. I hope the oil-for-education amendment will come before this House for a vote and that it will some day be numbered among those acts of Congress that have furthered the cause of education in the United States.

COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY

Mr. ALLEN of Illinois, from the Committee on Rules, reported the following privileged resolution (H. Res. 296, Rept. No. 883), which was referred to the House Calendar and ordered to be printed:

Resolved, That the Committee on the Judiciary, acting as a whole or by subcommittee, is authorized to make a full and complete investigation and study of the merits of all claims against the United States for compensation for property damage, personal injuries, and death alleged to have been caused by the explosions which occurred at Texas City, Tex., on April 16 and 17, 1947. As soon as practicable during the present Congress the committee shall report to the House, or to the Clerk of the House if the House is not in session, the results of its investigation and study, together with its findings and such recommendations as it deems advisable.

For the purposes of this resolution the said committee, or any subcommittee thereof, is hereby authorized to sit and act during the present Congress at such times and places within the United States whether the House is in session, has recessed, or has adjourned, to hold such hearings, and to require by subpena or otherwise the attendance and testimony of such witnesses and the production of such books, records, correspondence, memoranda, papers, and documents, as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued over the signature of the chairman of the committee or any member of the committee designated by him, and may be served by any person designated by such chairman or member. The chairman of the committee or any member thereof may administer oaths to witnesses.

With the following committee amendment:

Page 1, line 3, after the word "merits", insert a comma and the words "if any."

COMMITTEE ON RULES

Mr. ALLEN of Illinois. Mr. Speaker, I ask unanimous consent that the Rules Committee may have until midnight tonight to file reports.

The SPEAKER. Is there objection to the request of the gentleman from Illinois?

There was no objection.

SPECIAL ORDER GRANTED

Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan asked and was given permission to address the House for 1 hour on today, 35 minutes on tomorrow and 25 minutes on Wednesday, following the legislative program and any special orders heretofore entered.

PERSONAL PRIVILEGE

Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I rise to a question of personal privilege.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman will state his question of personal privilege.

Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, in the Los Angeles Daily News of Saturday, July 4, 1953, will be found an editorial captioned, "Representative HOFFMAN Sullies Congressional Honor." A subsequent paragraph reads:

The immorality of holding a congressional hearing for the political purpose of influencing a local election gave off such a stench that the full committee apparently wanted no part of it.

The SPEAKER. The gentleman does not have to proceed any further. He has stated a question of personal privilege and is recognized for 1 hour.

Mr. HOFFMAN of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, during this discussion an effort will be made to confine it to the matters set forth in this editorial. At a subsequent time, probably this evening if time permits, I will take occasion to answer the statements put in the RECORD on Friday last, and I am asking consideration of those statements by Members of the House.

As I read those statements, they are extremely critical of my conduct as a Representative of the House. I will be very, very happy and grateful to you, will appreciate your courtesy in reading them carefully, and then if you will be so generous as to listen to my subsequent answer which I propose to make paragraph by paragraph.

I will read only part of this editorial, and I read it because I also want to call your attention to another editorial from a different kind of a paper, a paper with American views.

I may say in the beginning that the Daily News of Los Angeles is one of those papers which takes a position to the extreme left of the position which, for over 18 years, it has been my privilege to take in this House. I would not say it is a Communist paper, I do not think it is. It is what might be called a left-wing paper. It is a paper that vigorously and consistently supported the position of Dean Acheson and during a certain period of time was an enthusiastic supporter of Joe Stalin. In fairness I say that was not only at times when Stalin was not our ally but when he was. That information you should have in order to give proper weight to these statements:

Representative CLARE HOFFMAN'S release of his subcommittee's report on the phony public-housing hearing here without obtaining the approval of the full House Government Operations Committee of which he is chairman, has put the Republican Party into a pretty kettle of fish over the issue of congressional morality.

Now at the beginning we may assume that the Daily News is not greatly worried over any trouble that the Republican Party may have gotten into. Hence let us skip that part of it.

HOFFMAN'S first violation of his own committee's rules occurred during the hearings in Los Angeles. They were televised, as you no doubt have trouble forgetting.

Only the limited circulation of the News could have prevented it obtaining knowledge of the widespread approval of the hearings.

A copy of the rules will be printed as a footnote to what is here said today,1 and I assume that the Members of the House have intelligence enough and, if they are interested, can readily determine whether the rules were violated or whether they were not.

1 The committee rules, as originally adopted, were:

RULES AND POLICY

[NOTE. As used herein, House Rules refer to pages of Rules and Manual of the House of Representatives for the 83d Cong. (H. Doc. No. 564, 82d Cong., 2d sess.). R. refers to page of the daily CONGRESSIONAL RECORD, 83d Cong., 1st sess. L. R. refers to page of the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, 79th Cong., Public Law 601.]

To attain the objectives, facilitate the operations of the House Committee on Government Operations, the following statement of objectives and functions and rules adopted:

Objectives-Functions

are

The first 15 words of the Constitution are these:

"All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States." To make effective use of that power, the House created standing committees to assist it in writing legislation; in appraising the effectiveness of that legislation and in developing such amendments or related legislation as may be deemed necessary to promote the general welfare of the people, preserve the security of the Nation.

To enable the standing committees of the House to perform their duties, they have authority to call upon the executive departments to make available information which may be deemed necessary.1

In addition to the authority conferred and the duties imposed upon other standing committees of the House, the Government Operations Committee is also charged with the duty of exercising continuous watchfulness over the execution by the administrative agencies of the legislation adopted by Congress and with checking the expenditures of those agencies so that ever greater economy and efficiency may be obtained.2

To attain its objectives, preliminary investigations, the taking of testimony, the making of reports concisely and clearly stating the facts, together with recommendations of remedial methods and legislation, become necessary.

Rules

Rule 1: (a) The rules of the House, insofar as they are applicable, shall govern the committee and its subcommittees.

(b) The rules of the committee shall be the rules of the subcommittees.

1"It is, of course, well settled that Congress may make investigations in aid of legislation. E. g., McGrain v. Dougherty, 273 U. S. 135, 174, 47 S. Ct. 319, 71 L. Ed. 580, 50 A. L. R. 1; United States v. Norris, 300 U. S. 564, 573, 57 S. Ct. 535, 81 L. Ed. 808. * * * Information gained by a committee of this nature, provided its search for the truth may not be frustrated by such obstructive tactics as those employed by the appellant, might well aid Congress in performing its legislative duties, viz., in deciding that the public welfare required the passage of new statutes or changes in existing ones or that it did not."

United States v. Josephson (C. C. A. 2d 1947) 165 F. (2d) 82, 89, cert. den. (1948) 333 U. S. 838, rehearing den. 333 U. S. 858.

2 Rule XI, sec. 8, House Rules 338, sec. 691; R. 17; L. R. 15, sec. 121 (b)-Rule XI (1) (h).

I might, by way of explanation, state that under the rules-and I take considerable pride in the opportunity I had to write them, in outlining them first, in submitting them to the committee, and the adoption by the committee of those rules. Last week, appearing before the House Committee on Rules, I filed a copy of those rules with that group. You know, they are considering the question of adopting rules of procedure for congressional investigations.

Rule 2: The regular meetings of the committee shall be held on the first and third Wednesday of each month at 10 a. m., at room No. 1501, New House Office Building, at such other times as the chairman may appoint, and on the written request of a quorum of the committee.3 Subcommittee meetings shall not be held when the full committee is meeting.

Rule 3: A majority of the committee shall constitute a quorum; provided, however, that special subcommittees consisting of two or more members-at least one of whom shall be a member of the minority-may be appointed by the chairman, and, in such case, one member of the special subcommittee shall be a quorum for the purpose of taking sworn testimony only, provided that the other member or members of the special subcommittee shall have received reasonable notice thereof. Four members of a regular subcommittee shall constitute a quorum.

Rule 4: A member may vote by proxy on any issue he may specify providing his proxy is in writing, dated, and signed, but a proxy may not be used for the purpose of creating

a quorum.

Rule 5: The chairman and the ranking minority member of the committee shall be ex officio members of the regular subcommittees but not of special subcommittees unless appointed to such special subcommittee, and shall have the right to vote on all matters pending before the regular subcommittee. Any member of the committee shall have the privilege of sitting with any regular subcommittee during its hearings or deliberations and may participate in them, but shall not have authority to vote on any matter before the subcommittee.

Rule 6: Questions as to the order of business, the procedure of the committee, or subcommittee, shall, in the first instance, be decided by the chairman, subject always to an appeal to the committee or subcommittee.

INVESTIGATIONS

Rule 7: Investigations, insofar as possible, should always be made by experienced individuals of sound judgment and with the single thought of obtaining the facts without in any way infringing upon the rights of the citizen.

Rule 8: No major investigation by a subcommittee shall be initiated without approval of a majority of the subcommittee.

HEARINGS

Rule 9: For the purpose of performing its duties, the committee, or any subcommittee thereof when authorized by the committee, is authorized to sit, hold hearings, and act at such times and places within the United States, whether or not the House is in session, is in recess, or has adjourned, to require by subpena or otherwise the attendance of such witnesses and the production of such papers, documents, and books, and to take such testimony as it deems necessary. Subpenas may be issued under the signature of the chairman of the committee or of any subcommittee, or by any member designated by any such chairman,

Rule XI, sec. 24, House Rules 363 sec. 734; R. 19.

Our rules provided-and I put that provision in myself-our rules provided that hearings shall not be televised if that hearings shall not be televised if the witness objected. The written rules the witness objected. The written rules do not now contain any provision on that subject-it was stricken but in all that subject-it was stricken but in all hearings conducted by me it is all left up to the discretion of the witness. And, in California, when a witness or two, as I recall, did object, it was announced that the hearings would not, while they were on the stand, be televised. What

and may be served by any person designated by any such chairman or member.4

Rule 10: Attendance at executive sessions shall be limited to members of the committee or subcommittee and of the staff and such other persons whose presence is requested or consented to by the committee or subcommittee.

Rule 11: All hearings conducted by the committee or any subcommittee shall be open to the public, except executive sessions for marking up bills or where the committee or subcommittee by a majority vote orders an executive session.

Rule 12: No one other than a member of the committee or subcommittee as designated by the chairman or subcommittee chairmen shall hold hearings.

Rule 13: Hearings-the taking of testimony-are to be conducted in an orderly, dignified manner, the committee keeping in mind the power of the Congress, the authority of the committee, the attainment of the objective sought, and the rights and privileges of the witness.

WITNESSES

Rule 14: All witnesses at public or executive hearings shall be sworn or shall affirm.

Rule 15: So far as is practicable, all witnesses appearing before the committee or subcommittee shall file advance written statements of their proposed testimony and their oral testimony shall be limited to brief summaries of their argument." The staff shall prepare and furnish to the chairman of the committee (or subcommittee) before each day's hearings, so far as is practicable, a short summary of the statement and of what is expected to be developed by the testimony of each witness.

Rule 16: Any witness summoned at a public hearing, unless the committee or subcommittee by a majority vote determines otherwise, may be accompanied by counsel who shall be permitted to advise the witness as to his rights. Counsel shall not testify or make any statement without consent of a majority of the committee or subcommittee present.

Rule 17: Members, as called upon by the chairman, may, by clear, brief, and relevant questions, interrogate the witnesses, consuming-in the first instance-not more than 5 minutes. After each member has used or waived the 5 minutes allocated to

him, other members may then continue their interrogation under the direction of the chairman.

Rule 18: An accurate stenographic record shall be kept of all testimony. Any witness, by paying therefor, may have a stenographic transcript of his testimony given at public hearings. The witness will be permitted, in the presence of a member of the committee staff, at the office of the committee, to examine the transcript of his own testimony given at executive hearings, at such time as may be specified by the chairman.

*Rule XI, sec. (8) (d), House Rules 338, sec. 691; R. 17.

Rule XI, sec. 25 (f), House Rules 365, sec. 735; R. 19; L. R. 22, sec. 133 (e).

more could anyone ask, I do not know. In Detroit our hearings were not televised because one member of the committee, a member from the Labor Committee who sat with us, thought they should not be, and with that I was in accord.

Now, the reason why hearings are not televised, at least where I have anything to say about it, are twofold. In the first place, television in some communities is comparatively new, and both witnesses

Rule 19: Evidence received in executive hearings shall not be released or included in any report without the approval of a majority of the committee.

REPORTS

Rule 20: No committee or subcommittee report shall be made without the approval of a majority of the committee or subcommittee; provided, however, that any member of the committee or subcommittee may make a report supplementary to or dissenting from the majority report.

Rule 21: No summary of a committee report, prediction of the contents of such report, or statement of conclusions concerning any investigation should be made by a member of the committee or of the staff prior to the issuance of the report of the committee.

Rule 22: No member of the staff shall publish or release any report or statement alleging misconduct by any person in any matter under investigation by the subcommittee.

Rule 23: No member of the staff shall, for compensation, publish any article or deliver any speech or lecture concerning the committee or its activities while such person is a member of the staff.

Rule 24: Inasmuch as the chairman of the full committee is required to approve and sign the vouchers for expenses, not only those incurred by the full committee and its professional and clerical staff but by the subcommittee employees and professional staff, and to coordinate the activities of the committee and its subcommittees, the chairmen of all subcommittees shall, before undertaking investigations or holding hearings, outline the purpose and scope of the proposed activity and furnish to the chairman an estimate of the expenses to be incurred.

Before employing personnel, the chairmen of the subcommittees shall obtain the approval of the chairman to the employment and terms thereof.

When submitting vouchers for the approval of the chairman, subcommittee chairmen shall certify that the disbursements were necessary and reasonable in amount; that the items for which charges are made have been received; that the services for which payment is sought have been rendered.

Rule 25: All subcommittee requests for printing shall be filed with the clerk of the committee and copies of hearings and reports of every nature shall, except as otherwise requested by the chairman, be delivered to the committee.

Rule 26: Inasmuch as the Legislative Reorganization Act of 1946, section 140 (a), requires the Clerk of the House to collect all committee records, each subcommittee shall file with the clerk of the committee at the close of each Congress, all of its records with an index in triplicate of all material filed.

On May 6, 1953, the following resolution was adopted:

"Resolved, That the chairman is authorized to grant approval and authority on behalf of the Committee to all subcommittees of the committee now or hereafter established to have and exercise the powers, authority, and functions granted to the committee by law