knowing that Thy completeness flows around our incompleteness and around our restlessness Thy rest. Help us always to see the best that glimmers through the worst. Take our lips, speak through them. Kindle our minds with the apprehension of Thy truth. Set our wills on fire to do Thy will and to serve Thy children everywhere. So in this spirit of true service may we walk today and all the days. We ask it in the Saviour's name. Amen.

THE JOURNAL

On request of Mr. KNOWLAND, and by unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of Wednesday, July 15, 1953, was dispensed with.

MESSAGE FROM THE PRESIDENT

A message in writing from the President of the United States submitting nominations was communicated to the Senate by Mr. Miller, one of his secretaries.

MESSAGE FROM THE HOUSE

A message from the House of Representatives, by Mr. Maurer, its reading clerk, announced that the House had passed a bill (H. R. 6200) making supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, and for other purposes, in which it requested the concurrence of the Senate.

ENROLLED BILL SIGNED The message also announced that the Speaker had affixed his signature to the enrolled bill (H. R. 5898) to extend until December 31, 1953, the period with respect to which the excess-profits tax shall be effective, and it was signed by

the President pro tempore.

ORDER FOR TRANSACTION OF
ROUTINE BUSINESS

Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that following the quorum call there may be the customary morning hour for the purpose of permitting Senators to introduce bills and joint resolutions and to transact other regular routine business under the usual 2-minute limitation on speeches. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ordered.

ORDER FOR CALL OF CALENDAR Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, pursuant to the announcement heretofore made, I ask unanimous consent that following the morning hour to which I have just referred, there may be a call of the calendar of bills to which there is no objection, from the beginning of the calendar through No. 522, which is S. 2111.

with No. 522, which is S. 2111, because the calendar committees of both the majority and the minority felt that additional time was needed for study, since a large number of bills have been reported in the past 2 days.

Unless legislative difficulties arise in the meantime, I shall propose to have another calendar call on Saturday, beginning with No. 523, which is S. 2137, and continuing through the bills that will be on the calendar tomorrow. It may not be possible, and probably will not be possible, to include in the Saturday call of the calendar bills reported on Saturday, or perhaps even on Friday, unless the calendar committees have had a chance to study them. However, I shall make announcement later as to where the calendar call will be terminated on Saturday.

Mr. SMATHERS. Mr. President, will the Senator yield for a question?

Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield.

Mr. SMATHERS. Has the acting majority leader given any thought to having the Senate meet at, say 10 o'clock in the morning on Saturday, so that the calendar call might be finished by 2 o'clock, thus permitting Senators who may wish to leave the city to return to their home States to do so at an earlier hour?

Mr. KNOWLAND. I shall be glad to discuss the matter with the minority leader, to see if such a plan cannot be worked out. Of course, it will depend upon the legislative progress made today and also upon the situation with respect to committee meetings.

Mr. SMATHERS. I thank the Senator. Mr. MCCARRAN. Mr. President, will the Senator yield?

report are available to each Senator. I desired to give this notice to the Senate. Mr. IVES. Mr. President, will the Senator yield?

Mr. KNOWLAND. I yield.

Mr. IVES. I appreciate the reference by the majority leader to Senate bill 2383. It is a very vital piece of proposed legislation, both to the State of New York and the State of New Jersey, and to all the surrounding area.

Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I suggest the absence of a quorum.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. The clerk will call the roll.

The Chief Clerk proceeded to call the roll.

Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I ask unanimous consent that the order for the quorum call be rescinded, and that further proceedings under the call be dispensed with.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, it is so ordered.

the program is unclear. Does the Senator plan to have the calendar called again on Saturday?

Mr. KNOWLAND. Yes. It is planned to call the calendar on Saturday, beginning with No. 523, which is S. 2137.

For the information of the minority leader, and of the Senate, as well, the unfinished business is Calendar No. 218, Senate Joint Resolution 49, proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States relative to equal rights for men and women. Again depending on the legislative situation, it may be desirable during the next day or so, or even

LEGISLATIVE PROGRAM

Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, for the information of the Senate the calendar call today will be discontinued

call should be finished by an early hour, to substitute Calendar No. 581, which is S. 2383, a bill granting the consent of Congress to a compact between the State of New Jersey and the State of New York known as the Waterfront Commission Compact. The bill and the committee

of the Farm Credit Administration. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. With

out objection, the nomination is con

firmed.

INTERSTATE COMMERCE

COMMISSION

The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Howard G. Freas to be a member of the Interstate Commerce Commission.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the nomination is confirmed.

COMMISSIONER FAIRS OVER The Chief Clerk read the nomination of Glenn L. Emmons to be Commissioner of Indian Affairs.

OF INDIAN AF- NOMINATION PASSED

Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, I ask that this nomination be passed over until tomorrow. The reason is that we have had one Indian Commissioner after another, all coming from New Mexico. We have Indian agencies all over the United States, but every single Commissioner I can think of since I have been in the Senate has been from New Mexico. They seem to be unsatisfactory after they get in.

Mr. KNOWLAND. Mr. President, I ask that the nomination be passed over. The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the nomination will be passed over.

The clerk will state the next nomination on the calendar.

COAST AND GEOGETIC SURVEY The Chief Clerk proceeded to read sundry nominations in the Coast and Geodetic Survey.

Mr. KNOWLAND. I ask that the nominations in the Coast and Geodetic Survey be confirmed en bloc.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the nominations in the Coast and Geodetic Survey are confirmed en bloc.

Mr. KNOWLAND. I ask that the President be immediately notified of all nominations confirmed this day.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore. Without objection, the President will be notified forthwith.

EXECUTIVE MESSAGE REFERRED As in executive session,

The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate a message from the President of the United States submitting sundry nominations, which was referred to the Committee on Armed Services.

(For nominations this day received, see the end of Senate proceedings.)

EXECUTIVE REPORTS OF A
COMMITTEE

As in executive session, The following favorable reports of nominations were submitted:

By Mr. WILEY, from the Committee on Foreign Relations:

Dr. H. van Zile Hyde, of Maryland, to be the representative of the United States on the Executive Board of the World Health Organization;

John Alanson Perkins, of Delaware, to be a representative of the United States to the second extraordinary session of the General Conference of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization; and

Miss Frances E. Willis, of California, a Foreign Service officer of class 1, to be Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary

to Switzerland.

posed legislation to continue authority to make funds available for loans and grants under title V of the Housing Act of 1949, as amended (with an accompanying paper); to the Committee on Banking and Currency. REPORT ON COOPERATION WITH MEXICO IN CON

TROL AND ERADICATION OF FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE

Agriculture, transmitting, pursuant to law, A letter from the Assistant Secretary of a report on cooperation of the United States

'with Mexico in the control and eradication of foot-and-mouth disease, for the month of May 1953 (with an accompanying report); to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

AMENDMENT OF MERCHANT MARINE ACT, 1936, RELATING TO A RESERVE OF TANKERS AND CONSTRUCTION OF NEW TANKERS

A letter from the Secretary of Commerce, transmitting a draft of proposed legislation to amend the Merchant Marine Act, 1936, to provide a national defense reserve of tankers

and to promote the construction of new tankers, and for other purposes (with accompanying papers); to the Committee onInterstate and Foreign Commerce.

REPORTS OF COMMITTEES The following reports of committees were submitted:

By Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska, from the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs: S. 1397. A bill to clarify the status of mining claims in areas held under an oil and gas prospecting permit or lease and to encourage the exploration and development of fissionable source minerals; with amendments (Rept. No. 593).

By Mr. MCCLELLAN, from the Committee on Government Operations:

H. R. 5228. A bill to amend section 303 of the Budget and Accounting Act, 1921 (42 Stat. 23); without amendment (Rept. No. 594).

By Mr. WILEY, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, without amendment:

S. 498. A bill to authorize an agreement between the United States and Mexico for the joint operation and maintenance by the International Boundary and Water Commission, United States and Mexico, of the Nogales sanitation project, and for other purposes (Rept. No. 595);

S. 1744. A bill to create a Commission to be known as the Corregidor Bataan Memorial Commission (Rept. No. 596); and

H. R. 4302. A bill to revive and reenact the act entitled "An act authorizing the State of Michigan, acting through the International Bridge Authority of Michigan, to construct, maintain, and operate a toll bridge or series of bridges, causeways, and approaches thereto, across the St. Marys River, from a point in or near the city of Sault Ste. Marie, Mich., to a point in the Province of Ontario, Canada," approved December 16, 1940 (Rept. No. 597).

By Mr. WILEY, from the Committee on Foreign Relations, with amendments:

S. Res. 126. Resolution providing for a study of proposals for a modification of existing international peace and security (Rept. No. 598); and, under the rule, the resolution was referred to the Committee

on Rules and Administration.

ern Ute Reservation, Colorado, to acquire interests in tribal lands of the reservation, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs.

By Mr. BRIDGES:

S. 2401. A bill for the relief of Mrs. Mira Sharar Franges; to the Committee on the Judiciary.

By Mr. GORE:

S. 2402. A bill providing that cotton presented for entry into the United States be classified by the Department of Agriculture; to the Committee on Finance.

Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado (for himself and Mr. BRICKER):

S. 2403. A bill to amend the Interstate Commerce Act, as amended, with respect to the issuance of certificates of public convenience and necessity, and relating to railway property; to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce.

By Mr. DWORSHAK:

S. 2404. A bill to authorize the Secretary of Agriculture to require reasonable bonds from packers; to the Committee on Agriculture and Forestry.

By Mr. MARTIN (for himself and Mr.
DUFF):

S. 2405. A bill to authorize the exchange, upon terms fully protecting the public interest, of the United States Public Health Quarantine Station at Marcus Hook, Pa., for a new quarantine station; to the Committee on Public Works.

INVESTIGATION OF ACCESSIBILITY AND AVAILABILITY OF SUPPLIES OF CRITICAL RAW MATERIALS Mr. BUTLER of Nebraska submitted the following resolution (S. Res. 143) which was referred to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs:

Resolved, That the Senate Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, is authorized and directed (1) to make a full and complete investigation and study of the accessibility of critical raw materials to the United States during a time of war; (2) to study and recommend methods of encouraging developments to assure the availability of supplies of such critical raw materials adequate for the expanding economy and the security of the United States; and (3) to report to the Senate at the earliest possible date, not later than January 3, 1955, the results of its investigations and study, together with its recommendations.

SEC. 2. For the purposes of this resolution, the committee, or any duly authorized subcommittee thereof, is authorized to employ upon a temporary basis such technical, clerical, and other assistants as it deems advisable, and is authorized, with the consent of the head of the departments or agency concerned, to utilize the services, information, facilities, and personnel of any of the departments or agencies of the Government, or of qualified private organizations and individuals. The expenses of the committee under this resolution, which shall not exceed $50,000, shall be paid from the contingent fund of the Senate upon vouchers approved by the chairman of the committee.

EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS, ETC.

The PRESIDENT pro tempore laid before the Senate the following letters, which were referred as indicated:

FUNDS FOR CERTAIN LOANS AND GRANTS A letter from the Assistant Secretary of Agriculture, transmitting a draft of pro

BILLS INTRODUCED Bills were introduced, read the first time, and, by unanimous consent, the second time, and referred as follows:

By Mr. JOHNSON of Colorado:

S. 2400. A bill to authorize enrolled members of the Southern Ute Tribe of the South

HOUSE BILL REFERRED

The bill (H. R. 6200) making supplemental appropriations for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954, and for other purposes, was read twice by its title, and referred to the Committee on Appropriations.

PRINTING OF ADDITIONAL COPIES OF DOCUMENT ENTITLED "WATER SUPPLY AND TEXAS ECONOMY"

On motion of Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, and by unanimous consent, it was

Ordered, That 2,500 additional copies of Senate Document No. 57, 83d Congress, entitled "Water Supply and the Texas Economy," be printed for the use of the Senate Document Room.

NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINATION OF JOSEPH CAMPBELL, TO BE MEMBER OF ATOMIC ENERGY COMMISSION

The second of a series of articles written by Barry Bingham and published in the Louisville (Ky.) Courier-Journal of April 12, 1953, entitled "Formosa and Hong Kong Serve as Windows Into Red China, and the View Isn't Pretty."

By Mr. BRICKER: Editorial entitled "Case for BRICKER'S Amendment," published in the Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch.

By Mr. SMATHERS: Editorial entitled "A Republic, Madam, If You Can Keep It," published in the Bradford County Telegraph, Starke, Fla., of July 3, 1953.

UCATIONAL FUNDS

Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, will the Senator yield?

Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I yield.

Mr. LANGER. Will the Senator from Iowa tell the Senate how many members of the Atomic Energy Commission come from the State of New York?

Mr. HICKENLOOPER. I cannot give that information at the moment. I will obtain it for the Senator very shortly.

NOTICE OF HEARING ON NOMINA

TION OF PERRY WILLIAM MOR-
TON TO BE ASSISTANT ATTORNEY
GENERAL

Mr. LANGER. Mr. President, on behalf of the Committee on the Judiciary, I desire to give notice that a public hearing has been scheduled for Thursday, July 23, 1953, at 10 a. m., in room 424, Senate Office Building, upon the nomination of Perry William Morton, of Nebraska, to be Assistant Attorney General, to fill an existing vacancy. At the indicated time and place all persons interested in the nomination may make such representations as may be pertinent. The subcommittee consists of myself, chairman; the Senator from New Jersey [Mr. HENDRICKSON], and the Senator from Tennessee [Mr. KEFAUVER].

Mr. WILEY. Mr. President, on numerous occasions the members of a Senate-House conference committee vote up or down a provision which can affect our country, directly and indirectly, for generations to come.

One such case will occur next Monday when the conferees meet on Senate bill 1901. At stake will be the amendment offered by the distinguished senior Senator from Alabama [Mr. HILL] to preserve for educational purposes revenues received by the Federal Government from the oil resources of the outer Continental Shelf. The Senate has decisively approved the Hill amendment. cisively approved the Hill amendment. It would be tragic if this vital amendIt would be tragic if this vital amendment were to be lost.

There is no greater resource in all the Nation than our children. Few greater challenges are presented to the people of our country than the one which calls upon them to look well after the educational needs of their children. Adequate schools, adequate facilities, adequate teaching are essential if we are to mold well the minds of the little ones.

I send to the desk now the text of a telegram which I received from the American Council on Education, urging retention of the Hill amendment. ing retention of the Hill amendment. I ask unanimous consent that it be printed at this point in the body of the RECORD. There being no objection, the telegram was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

WASHINGTON, D. C. The Honorable ALEXANDER WILEY,

United States Senate: American Council on Education Committee on Relationships of Higher Education to Federal Government at its meeting July 10 unanimously reaffirmed the support it has given all along to the Hill amendment to S. 1901 to devote to education the royalty proceeds from oil found in submerged lands of the outer Continental Shelf. The committee believes that the dedication of national physical resources to the benefit of national human resources is in the highest public interest. The committee earnestly hopes that the conferees appointed from the Senate will give the Hill amendment favorable consideration.

ARTHUR S. ADAMS, President.

TRANSMISSION OF RADIO COMMUNICATIONS IN CONNECTION WITH CIVIL AVIATION

Mr. MCCARRAN. Mr. President, I hold in my hand an editorial from the magazine American Aviation for July 6, 1953.

This editorial points out what appears to be a deficiency in the Communications Act of 1934, under which an American corporation owning an airplane is at a distinct disadvantage by comparison with foreign aircraft operators.

This editorial suggests a possible amendment to the Communications Act to rectify this situation. I do not presume to pass judgment on this suggestion, Mr. President, but I respectfully commend the editorial and the subject matter to the attention and study of the Senate Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce, and I ask unanimous consent, Mr. President, that the brief editorial to which I have referred may be printed at this point in the RECORD as a part of my remarks.

There being no objection, the editorial was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

BUT IT'S TRUE

Here's one that's hard to believe, but it's true.

If the Soviet Union were to become a con

tracting member of the International Civil Aviation Organization, as is the United States and 59 other countries any of its aircraft flying anywhere over the United States could, without benefit of any license or regulation, transmit on frequency channels of United States radio stations.

tory law which prohibits the use and operThis is so despite a provision of our statuation of any radio transmitter by any person, citizen or foreign, anywhere in the United States unless issued an FCC license. The reason is that when the United States joins such international bodies as ICAO our ad

herence to these Senate-ratified international agreements overrides our own statutory laws. Now there is no denying the multitude of benefits of such international agreements as are provided by being a member of ICAO. International airline operations would be extremely difficult without them. But who do you suppose is caught in the sticky web of statutory law and denied privileges which we grant to all contracting ICAO countries, would join? It's the corporation owning an airplane.

Under our own law an old-line, rocksolid, taxpaying American corporation is precluded from being eligible to acquire or hold a radio station license for its aircraft if it

happens to have a third assistant treasurer example. A single alien officer or board or a 23d director who is a Canadian, for member does the trick. To bypass this unnecessarily restrictive law any corporation in such a fix has to transfer the company's aircraft to a citizen-officer, or assign or lease the aircraft radio apparatus to the company pilot for licensing in his name, or, worse yet, transfer the aircraft to a foreign subsidiary by which it then operates freely under ICAO provisions.

Such subterfuge is absurd. What's needed is a legislative amendment to the Communications Act of 1934 which would authorize the FCC to issue regulations governing aircraft owned by corporations who happen to have an alien as an officer or director. Both Aeronautical Radio, Inc., and the Corporation Aircraft Owners Association have been studying the matter. It's about time to give American corporations the same status as we have given other countries.

USE OF HELICOPTERS BY'
SCHEDULED AIRLINES

Mr. MCCARRAN. Mr. President, I hold in my hand a press release issued by the Air Transport Association of America, with regard to the use of helicopters by the scheduled airlines.

I am impressed with the forward-looking attitude which this press release indicates. Of course, exhaustive tests will have to be conducted on actual routes and under scheduled conditions in order to solve problems to which answers must be found before the helicopter can be incorporated in the air transport system; but certainly, this new type of aircraft presents a substantial field of possible use to supplement the air transportation services now provided by the air lines.

The press release to which I refer makes it clear that the scheduled airlines of the country are of the opinion that the helicopter has a definite place in our national air transportation system, and that they are taking the necessary steps to make this service available to the public at the earliest practicable date. I believe the airlines are to be congratulated upon this attitude, and given all possible encouragement in going forward with the program to accomplish the integration of helicopters into the national air transportation system.

I ask unanimous consent that the press release to which I refer may be printed in the RECORD at this point as a part of my remarks.

There being no objection, the press release was ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows:

ATA HELICOPTER COMMITTEE SUGGESTS TESTING PROGRAM IN SCHEDULED OPERATIONS WASHINGTON.-The operations departments of the scheduled airlines are now studying a suggested test program for multiengine helicopters in scheduled around the clock operations. This was one of the recommendations made to the ATA Board at their semiannual meeting in the first of a series of reports made by the ATA Helicopter Committee. The committee, which has spent some months studying helicopter operations, both commercial and military, recommended a test program by the scheduled airlines to study the integration of helicopters into local schedule requirements.

Milton W. Arnold, vice president, operations-engineering of the Air Transport Association, commenting today on the committee's report, pointed out that at the present time the only commercial experiences with helicopter operations are those conducted with single engine equipment on routes where the movement of passengers is wholly secondary to the movement of mail and cargo. "The ATA Helicopter Committee," he said, "felt that development of multiengined helicopters had now reached the stage where the level of safety for passenger operation could approach that of fixed wing aircraft. Therefore, the scheduled air-transportation industry had reached the point where it was necessary to have actual flight operations of multiengined helicopters in scheduled service and, thus, accumulate realistic data and an approximation of net costs involved."

Arnold cited the obligation of the scheduled airlines of the United States under their certificates from the Government to explore fully any possibility to improve their services through the use of any type of aircraft which can be used effectively for that purpose. "Study of a test program," said Arnold, "was recommended by the committee because it believes that initial production of large twin-engine helicopters developed for the military services will be coming off the line in 1955-56, and helicopter fleets capable of handling 30 to 50 passengers can be available by 1959 or 1960."

The Helicopter Committee pointed out that by testing helicopters on actual routes and under scheduled conditions, it will be

solving the following critical problems: possible to develop information capable of

(a) Dimension and configuration of heliports in relation to helicopter flight paths and volume of operation.

(b) Takeoff and landing techniques. (c) Instrument flying, instrument takeoff, and approach procedures.

(d) Performance relative to subitem (b) above, including factors of variability caused by temperature, humidity, and altitude.

(e) Communications and navigation. (f) Integration with fixed wing traffic at congested areas.

(g) Maintenance procedures. (h) Direct operating costs in relation to type of scheduled operation.

(i) Ground handling technique.

(1) Cockpit arrangement problems. The Helicopter Committee, in their report to the Board of Directors of ATA, reported they had reached the following conclusions: 1. The helicopter, because of its unique characteristics, has a definite place in our national scheduled air-transportation system.

These two newspapers have written editorials which go directly to the point. I ask unanimous consent that they be inserted in the RECORD as a part of my remarks.

I also ask unanimous consent to insert in the RECORD an article by Elmer Kelton, San Angelo Standard-Times farm editor, summing up the attitudes of many of our west Texas stockmen. I believe that his summary of grassroots opinion would be helpful to all of us in considering the drought problem which is so important not only to the Southwest but to our whole Nation.

There being no objection, the editorials and article were ordered to be printed in the RECORD, as follows: [From the Houston Chronicle of July 11, 1953]

UNITED STATES BUREAU SAYS TEXAS HAS PLENTY OF WATER

In a report prepared especially for Senator LYNDON B. JOHNSON, the Federal Reclamation Bureau says that Texas has plenty of water. The problem is to conserve and dis

3. The helicopter will enable the scheduled airlines, for the first time, to effectively compete timewise with all forms of surface transportation in the huge short-haul intercity market.

4. The committee believes that total direct operating costs of projected transport helicopters can approach those of present twin-engine aircraft. Profitable operation, however, may require higher load factors or higher passenger tariffs.

5. Limited fleet operations of multiengine transport helicopters of 30 to 50 passenger capacity can be achieved by 1959–60.

6. Before transport helicopters can be successfully integrated into scheduled airline operation, a system of heliports and communications and navigational aids peculiar to helicopters must be developed.

The ATA Helicopter Committee membership consists of Charles Froesch, Eastern Air Lines; Byron A. Moe, Allegheny Airlines; J. J. Casey, American Airlines; H. J. Reid, Capital Airlines; David E. Postle, Mohawk Airlines; A. A. Lane, Northeast Airlines; and R. W. Rummel, TWA. Grahame Aldrich, of ATA, is consultant for the committee, and Donald B. Talmadge, of ATA, is the secretary.

The membership of the committee, which has consisted of engineering, maintenance, and operating personnel, is to be increased to include economic and traffic representatives.

THE TEXAS WATER PROBLEM

Mr. JOHNSON of Texas. Mr. President, the southwestern drought has dramatically focused attention on one of the major problems of our Texas economy.

The future of Texas and the future of the Southwest are dependent upon one vital factor-the use of water. We must solve the basic problem-wise conservation of this fundamental resource and intelligent use of our supplies.

The Reclamation Bureau, at my request, has made a thorough survey of water problems in the Texas economy. This report has just been made a Senate document.

The need for an over-all approach to the water problem is well recognized by many Texans. It has been summed up admirably by two of the most influential newspapers in my State, the Houston Chronicle and the San Angelo StandardTimes.

mary of the report follows pretty much what Texas water experts have been saying for a number of years, that we must have an adequate program of water conservation in this State. The report recognizes that the western portion of the States does not have adequate water potentials and that water might have to be transported from the eastern portion to meet the overall needs of the State.

The report cites the big stumbling block we have had in solving our State water problem, Texas lacks a definite water policy. Senator JOHNSON, in a statement accompanying the release of the report, also notes this lack and comments, "The present disastrous drought in Texas points up the absolute necessity for a realistic long-range program of water conservation and use in the State." The Reclamation Bureau's report says that the total present water usage in Texas, including withdrawal of ground waters, represents only about 15 percent of the 53 million acre-feet of average annual discharge by streams that border or originate in the State. In other words, Texas has plenty of water but it is running off into the gulf or otherwise not being conserved.

To harness the water potential in Texas will involve an enormous amount of capital expenditures. This brings up the question of whether the State, the Federal Government, or private enterprise will provide part or all of the money. The Reclamation Bureau report makes specific recommendations for harnessing water in various parts of Texas, but does not suggest where the money is to be obtained.

Another problem to be met is the legal factor, much of the water along Texas streams, as along the Brazos and Colorado Rivers, is committed to either public or private usage. Only an overall State program, with a distribution of rights and authorities, will solve this problem. This factor probably would make the suggestion to transport water from the eastern part of the State to the western section difficult of realization, aside from the cost of such a program.

The legislature has toyed with water conservation, but has done virtually nothing from a long-range, statewide viewpoint. The recent session passed water bills, but they do not pertain to the overall need for a water conservation program in the State. Attorney General John Ben Shepperd has suggested that Gov. Allan Shivers call a special session of the legislature to deal only with the probHis suggestion is worth consideration, espelem of devising a statewide water program. cially in view of the Reclamation Bureau report and the corroborating opinions of private water experts in the State.

[From the San Angelo Standard-Times] DROUGHT POINTS FIRST TO WATER MANAGEMENT

Obviously, Texas can take only emergency measures to cope with the current drought. But it is just as obvious from the facts at hand that future droughts need not present again to Texas cities such an emergency as they have experienced in the last 2 or 3 years.

This was given accent at the congressional level last week when Senator LYNDON JOHNSON Suggested that Texas needs to harness its water resources. He had the Bureau of Reclamation's planning section at Austin to prepare the report.

Total present usage of water, including that from the ground, amounts to 15 percent of the 53-million-acre-foot average annual discharge of streams that border or originate in the State.

This represents a wide field for the business management of the water resources of Texas. It represents a chance to harness the streams and have 38 million acre-feet of water which goes to no beneficial use. This would mean integration of activities of the river authorities, on the one hand, conservationists, and cities seeking supply for domestic and industrial uses.

That means long-range planning; that means a program of spending that will build toward the conservation of all the water that is now being wasted. While that means big dams, it will call also for small dams on the headwaters of the Colorado, the Conchos, the Guadalupe, Pedernales, Devils, San Saba, and other rivers.

We are irrigating 3,700,000 acres of lands in Texas now, much of this from wells. There is no security in a receding water level. Sixty-five percent of this Texas irrigation is dependent on depleting ground-water

sources.

Texans have neglected the first requisite for industrial expansion. If we could come as far as we have in developing synthetic rubber, oil refining, synthetic ammonia, sulfuric acid, and other chemical industries on 15 percent of the available water, it stands to reason we could multiply these several times if we started managing our resources.

The drought has called us to an inventory of our water. Sometimes we have to be driven to extremities to be made to use that with which nature has endowed us.

[From the San Angelo Standard-Times of July 12, 1953]

ANGELO RANCHMEN FAVOR DROUGHT AID (By Elmer Kelton)

Ask a dozen west Texas stockmen what they think the Government ought to do about the cattle market, and you'll come up with a dozen different opinions.

Noting the rebellion in the ranks of the Texas & Southwestern Cattle Raisers Association on the question of cattle price supports, the Standard-Times has surveyed a number of west Texas stockmen. For the

most part smaller stockmen, who normally

are seldom heard from, were interviewed.

Results indicate that a majority want some sort of support program to help haul cattle out of the quicksand. But each one has his own idea about how best to do it.

It was as President Eisenhower remarked Friday in Amarillo, "I find even here there is no unanimity of opinion."

FOR PURCHASES

There is no question that a price-support program on cattle could be made to work, declared J. Smiley Triplett, Amarillo feeder and large-scale cattle buyer.

"If they put a practical cattleman in charge of it, instead of politicians and political cattlemen, there is no reason why we should have the miseries we had under Truman and Di Salle," he said Saturday.

Triplett believes a cattle price support would have to come in the form of a purchase program. It should be on a standby basis, rather than a permanent one, too, he said.

Triplett's idea would be to set a point at which the Government would step in and start buying up beef to bolster the price. When the prices had recovered, the Government again would go out of the market.

DOUBLE BUYING

For the immediate future, he said, the biggest need from a market standpoint is for the Government to increase its present buying program, perhaps doubling its current commitment to buy 10 million pounds of beef a week for 20 weeks.

"If these cattlemen continue to lose ground," Triplett declared, "the tax writebacks will cost the Government more than a relief program would."

Triplett approves the cheap feed and emergency loan program already instituted.

More credit and a continuation of the present cheap feed program are the points seen as most valuable by Phil H. Lane, secretary of the Texas Production Credit Association.

Basically, he is opposed to price controls in general. However, he said he feels that Government assistance to any industry in the desperate condition faced by stockmen probably is beneficial for the entire Nation, for what weakens one industry of such size soon is felt in the entire economy.

"I don't believe the Government can support every commodity and be fair to all. In supporting one, it is likely to be unjust to another."

He points to the present high level of corn and other supported feed prices, which have had dire consequences for stockmen.

FARMERS, TOO

"In all our talk about the cattleman and sheepman," he added, "we can't afford to forget the farmer. Many farmers here haven't made a crop in 3 years, and they're as bad off as the stockman."

The Government could help most by taking up a lot of top-heavy livestock loans and putting them on a long-term basis, suggested A. E. Neal, San Angelo stockman. He has dealt in almost every phase of the business and in most of the States of the West and Southwest.

"That way it could relieve the banks so they could go on and be more help to everybody," he commented.

"The Government ought to get behind this paper that doesn't have enough collateral, and help these ranchmen stay in business. These bad loans aren't really bad when they go to good people." The loan paper should pass to the Government's possession, Neal said.

"It's been my experience that even though the Government helps a man pull through the drought and get on his feet again, if the bank still holds the paper, it will call the loan as soon as it feels he can sell out for enough to pay it. It doesn't do any good to save a man just so the bank can get its money, and then leave him without anything."

As to price supports, Neal said stockmen and farmers are going to have to accept some regimentation in the present economy anyway, such as acreage and marketing restrictions.

"They're the poorest organized bunch there is," he said, pointing to the cattle raisers' split as an example, "and they're up against an organized world."

FOR MIDWEST

Cheaper feed would do more good in the midwestern feeding areas than on southwestern ranges which already are in desperate condition, declared Fred Ball, livestock order buyer and coowner of Midwest Feed Yards here.

He said one of the biggest things wrong with the cattle and sheep markets today is that the feeders have no confidence and are not buying. Because of high price supports, they can seal up their corn and other feed and probably make more out of it selling it to the Government than they could by feeding it to livestock. So they're doing Just that.

Ball said that if the Government would release that feed at sharply lower prices to feeders who buy livestock from drouthstricken areas, the market would be strengthened immediately. Many feeders sealed their corn at $1.25. Selling that same feed back to them at $1 or less would encourage them to refill their feedlots, he said.

"What good does it do to ship that feed down here and spill it out in the dirt for cattle and sheep that have already eaten up more than they're worth anyway?" Ball demanded.

CONFIDENCE LACKING

A long-range support program of some kind to inspire confidence in cattle feeders is a principal need, said Carl Byrd, San Angelo stock farmer and livestock trader.

"It has gotten so you can't find anybody who will buy your feeder cattle," he asserted. "Even though fat cattle might be worth 20 cents now, the feeder doesn't know but what they'll drop to 12 by the time his get fat enough to sell. So he doesn't buy any feeder cattle, and the stocker market drops some more."

Byrd, who grows feed himself, agrees with many others that something must be done about the high feed support prices. He said the Government must either support cattle or stop supporting feed.

He said he has been heartened by the improvements made in the livestock market in recent days. He said it reflects new confidence stockmen have gained from the Goyernment's feed and loan program.

A support price would help pull stockmen out of the present hole, said Sol Weatherby, of San Angelo, livestock buyer.

"Let them put a floor under the cattle and give us 12 months of rain," he declared. "Then we'll set the ceiling ourselves."

He said the Government must enable stockmen here to keep their good, young cattle as seed stock. It can do that by providing cheap feed, a floor price, and a market for old cattle, he commented.

"Some morning we're going to wake up and find it raining," he said. "Then we're going to need what cattle we have left. It's going to cost us if we've got to go out and bring cattle in from somewhere else."

ASKS SUPPORT

Among small stockmen interviewed was E. C. Carper, of Tennyson. He has a section of land at Tennyson and another section in Sterling County.

"We've got to have some kind of support," he said. "Even the cheap feed won't do us much good if we wind up having to feed it the year around. Cattle are too cheap to be worth the cost."

Tad Richards, of Winters, is one of the larger ranchmen in Runnels County. He customarily feeds out a lot of cattle, and he is summering many cattle on a ranch he bought a couple of years ago in South Dakota.

"I believe if they put a support price on fat cattle, the improvement would work all the way back down to the ranch," he commented. "I believe a support idea is all right."

Monroe Arrott, ranching at Orient, gave up the idea of rain a long time ago and sold off all his cattle to avoid a heavier feed bill than he already had. Said Arrott:

"I believe it's better to support the price than to lend more money on cattle that have been lent up already."