A Manual of the Sub-kingdom Cœlenterata |
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Common terms and phrases
Actinia Actinozoa Alcyonaria allies animal apical appear appendages arise arranged attached basal become body-wall branches budding cæcal Calycophorida Campanularia Cestum chambers ciliated cœnenchyma cœnosarc Colenterata contractile corallite corallum Corals Cordylophora Corynidae Ctenophora ctenophoral canals Cunina described digestive cavity digestive sac Diphyes disc distal extremity distinct ectoderm embryo endoderm Family fission four Fritz Müller Gegenbaur gemmation genera genus gonoblastidia gonophores Hydra Hydractinia hydrophyllia hydrorhiza hydrosoma Hydrozoa lateral layer length lobes Lucernarida margin mass Medusida mesenteries Milne Edwards modifications Morphology mouth muscular nectocalyces nutrient system observed occur oral outer ovum pair peculiar Physalia Physophorida Pleurobrachia pneumatocyst pneumatophore polypes polypite portion present produced proximal extremity radiating canals reproductive bodies reproductive organs Rugosa sclerobasis sclerodermic Sea-anemones septa Sertularida side simple single somatic cavity species spermatozoa structure surface tabulæ Tabulata tentacles tentacula thread-cells transverse tube Tubularia umbrella usually Velella vesicles wall Zoantharia zoöids
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Page ii - By the same Author and Editors. MANUAL OF PROTOZOA; With a General Introduction on the Principles of Zoology, and 16 Woodcuts: Being the First Manual of the Series. Fcp. 8vo. 2s. • us THE SEA AND ITS LIVING WONDERS. By Dr. GEORGE HARTWIG. Translated by the Author from the Fourth German Edition ; and embellished with numerous Illustrations from Original Designs.
Page 12 - We have tried to show that they are not instruments, but indications — that they are no more the producers of the vital phenomena, than the shells scattered in orderly lines along the sea-beach are the instruments by which the gravitative force of the moon acts upon the ocean. Like these, the cells mark only where the vital tides have been, and how they have acted.
Page 19 - Cidentemta in which the wall of the digestive sac is separated from that of the somatic cavity by an intervening space, subdivided into chambers by a series of vertical partitions, on the faces of which the reproductive organs are developed.
Page 64 - That condition is, the retention of certain of the progeny of the primary impregnated germ-cell, or in other words, of the germ-mass unchanged in the body of the first individual developed from that germ-mass, with so much of the spermatic force inherited by the retained germ-cells from the parent-cell or germ-vesicle as suffices to set on foot and maintain the same series of formative actions as those which constituted the individual containing them.
Page 175 - Besides these forms imitating vegetation, there are gracefully modelled vases, some of which are three or four feet in diameter, made up of a net-work of branches and branchlets and sprigs of flowers. There are also solid coral hemispheres like domes among the vases and shrubbery, occasionally ten or even twenty feet in diameter, whose symmetrical surface is gorgeously decked with polyp-stars of purple and emerald green.
Page 141 - ... incomplete transverse plates, which, " growing from the sides of the septa, interfere, to a greater or less extent, with the perfect continuity of the loculi."- — (Greene.) The septa, too, are often furnished with styliform or spine-like processes growing from their sides, which often meet so as to form " transverse props extending across the loculi like the bars of a grate, and termed
Page 19 - K an outer or ectoderm, and an inner or endoderm, which correspond, in mode of growth, with the primitive layers of the germ. No distinct neuraj and haemal regions. A nervous system absent in most. Peculiar urticating organs, or thread cells, usually present.
Page 111 - Reproductive elements developed in free zooids produced by fission from attached Lucernaroids. Umbrella without marginal tentacles. Polypites numerous, modified, forming with the genitalia a dendriform mass depending from the umbrella.
Page 132 - and that of Actinia, the digestive sacs of the two organisms are clearly seen to correspond in form, in relative size, and mode of communication with the somatic cavity. The funnel and apical canals of Pleurobrachia, though more distinctly marked out, are the homologues of those parts of the general cavity which in Actinia are central in position, and underlie the free end of the digestive sac. So also the paragastric and radial canals may be likened to those lateral portions of the somatic cavity...
Page 39 - V. fig. 11, 2, 4, 5), extending from one eye-speck to the other, following the circular chymiferous tube, and also its vertical branches, round the upper portion of which they form another circle. The substance of this nervous system, however, is throughout cellular, and strictly so, and the cells are ovate. There is no appearance in any of its parts of true fibres