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obtain loans from its members and to lend these sums again, giving the depositors a right to preferential loans by means of drawings. Three petitions had been presented to wind up the company on the ground of its insolvency, and an interim liquidator had been appointed.

An action had also been commenced against the company to have it declared that it was an illegal society, and for a distribution of the funds amongst the members. The petitions were mentioned on the 8th inst., and it was then suggested that the windingup order should not only be made on the petitions, but also in the action, so as to obviate any question as to the jurisdiction of the court to make the order. JESSEL, M.R., accordingly made an order in all the petitions and also in the action. He directed all further proceedings in the action to be stayed, except for the purpose of carrying ont the order, and he directed the costs of the action to be costs in the winding up. To avoid any discussion as to the conduct of the winding-up order, his lordship said he would allow all the parties to support in chambers their own nominees for the position of official liquidator, and he said that the petitioner to whom he gave the present carriage of the order was not to have any preference therein. As to the costs of one of the petitioners, his lordship said that, although he should not at present make any order, he should reserve himself the liberty of refusing that petitioner his costs at some future time in case he should find it necessary. His lordship allowed one set of costs amongst the depositors who appeared in support of the petition.

LEASE OF BUILDING USED AS DISSENTING CHAPELINROLMENT-CHARITY-NEW TRUSTEES-9 GEO. 2, c. 36PETO'S ACT (13 & 14 VICT. C. 28).—STATUTE OF LIMITATIONS (3 & 4 VICT. c. 27), s. 34.-In a case of Bunting v. Sargent, before the Master of the Rolls on the 4th inst., an importent question arose as to the right of a freeholder to recover possession of a building used since 1774 as a dissenting chapel. In that year a lease of the plot of ground, with the building erected thereon, was granted to six persons described as trustees, for a term of ninety-nine years, at the yearly rent of one shilling, reserving to the lessees the right to use and enjoy the door for the purpose of entry into their pews, and containing a covenant for renewal at the end of the term, on notice to be given as therein provided. The building had been since used as a dissenting chapel, but the lease had not been inrolled pursuant to 9 Geo. 2, c. 36. Appointments of new trustees of the chapel had from time to time been made, and on the 28th of May, 1873, the former trustees having all resigned, at a meeting of the members of the chapel, daly held under Peto's Act (13 & 14 Vict. c. 38), the defendants to the action were appointed trustees. peared that during a period of twenty years no rent had been paid for the chapel, but that within six years before action the arrears of rent, as such, had been paid to the lessees. A notice had been served on the plaintiff in accordance with the covenant in the lease for renewal, but he now brought this action claiming possession of the chapel on the ground that the lease was void. The defendants contended that the lease was not granted for a charitable purpose so as to require inrolment, and they also relied on the Statute of Limitations (3 & 4 Will. 4. c. 27), 8. 34. JESSEL, M. R., was of opinion, first, that the plaintiff was not barred by the adverse possession; secondly, that there was sufficient evidence from the terms of the lease, the reservation of access to the pews, the user of the building as & chapel, and the appointment of trustees under Peto's Act, to show that the building was demised for the purpose of a chapel, and that being a charitable purpose within the meaning of the Mortmain Act, the lease was void. He accordingly gave judgment in favour of the plaintiff for possession and for the costs of the action.

It ap

PRACTICE-ACTION AGAINST COMPANY-PETITION PREBENTED FOR WINDING UP-UNDERTAKING NOT TO ADVERTIZE.-In an action of Bolckow, Vaughan, & Company v. Keeble, a motion was made by leave, before Malins, V.C., on the 10th inst., to restrain the advertisement by the defendant of a petition presented by him for the winding up of the company until the trial of an action brought by him to establish his debt, which was disputed. The company was a very large concern, and there was no ground for alleging that it was insolvent. There was evidence for the

motion that the master of one of the common law divisions had refused to allow the defendant to sign judgment for his debt under ord. 14, r. 1, and that the master's decision had been affirmed on appeal. For the defendant it was stated that he had experienced difficulty in ascertaining who were the proper parties to sue for use and occupation of premises belonging to him, that his action was not framed against the company, who he now discovered were liable to him, and that he required time to answer the company's evidence on this motion. MALINS, V.C., said that a petition was not the proper way to assert a disputed liability, and that unless the defendant undertook not to proceed with the advertisement of his petition, he should grant the injunction. An undertaking was given accordingly for a month in terms of the notice of motion.

HUSBAND AND WIFE-AGREEMENT TO EXECUTE SEPARATION DEED-PROVISION FOR CUSTODY OF CHILDREN BY WIFE -SPECIFIC PERFORMANCE-INFANTS' CUSTODY ACT, 1873 (36 & 37 VICT. c. 12), s. 2.—In a case of Woodgate v. Watson, before Fry, J., on the 8th inst., the action was brought by a wife for the specific performance of an agreement by her husband to execute a separation deed. The agreement provided that the wife should have the custody of the infant children of the marriage. Section 2 of the above Act provides that no agreement contained in any separation deed shall be held to be invalid by reason only of its providing that the father shall give up the custody of infant children to the mother, "provided always that no court shall enforce any such agreement if the court shall be of opinion that it will not be for the benefit of the infant or infants to give effect thereto." FRY, J., said that, though the Act refers in express terms only to deeds of separation, yet the court would decline to enforce the specific performance of an agreement to execute a deed which would violate the provisions of the Act. But in the case before him his lordship was of opinion, on the evidence, that it would be for the benefit of the infants that the mother should have the custody of them. He also expressed an opinion that the onus of showing that this would not be for the benefit of the infants was on those who disputed it. Specific performance was accordingly decreed.

VENDOR AND PURCHASER-LIMITED TITLE-CONDITION OF SALE-DEFECT DISCLOSED BY VENDOR.-In a case of Smith v. Robinson, before Fry, J., on the 8th inst., the question was whether a condition of sale was binding on a

purchaser of real estate. The condition provided that the abstract of title should commence with a deed dated the 30th of December, 1877, and that no earlier or other title should be required or inquired into by the purchaser. The vendor's solicitor furnished the purchaser's solicitor with an abstract of title beginning with a will dated in 1768 (this being a copy of an abstract which had been furnished to the plaintiff when he bought the property), sending at the same time a letter, in which he said that he sent the the abstract" without prejudice to the conditions of sale." Among the deeds set forth in the abstract was a lease of the property, dated the 30th of December, 1853, from one Fish to one Fisher, for a term of thirty years from the 25th of March, 1853, at a rent of £80. Fisher afterwards acquired the reversion in fee, and by his representatives the property had been sold to the present vendor. When the purchaser's solicitor attended at the office of the vendor's solicitor to examine the deeds, a bundle of deeds was handed to him, and in it he discovered a deed not mentioned in the abstract. This deed purported to be the counterpart of a lease, dated the 9th of April, 1851, by which one Smith demised the property to Fisher for a term of thirty-one years from the 25th of December, 1851, less seven days, at a rent of £49, the rent being reserved to Smith's executors, administrators, or assigns. Upon this discovery being made the purchaser required to be satisfied that Smith's own leasehold interest had been surrendered, and, the vendor not being able to give any satisfactory explanation, the purchaser refused to complete, and the action was brought by the vendor for specific performance of the contract for sale. FRY, J., held that, inasmuch as the defect in the title had not been discovered through any requisition or inquiry made by the purchaser, but had been disclosed by the vendor's own act

the condition did not apply, and the purchaser was not bound by it. But, as the purchaser had stipulated originally for only a ten years' title, his lordship held, as was held by the Court of Appeal in the recent case of In re Bannister (27 W. R. 826, L. R. 12 Ch. D. 131, 23 SOLICITORS' JOURNAL, 562), that he was only entitled to a good holding title. And he put the vendor to his election whether he would have his action dismissed with costs, or whether he would have an inquiry if he could make a good holding title to the property. If he elected to take the inquiry he must pay the costs of the action up to and including the trial. The subsequent costs would be reserved, with liberty to apply. His lordship was of opinion that the fact that the letter accompanying the abstract was expressed to be "without prejudice to the conditions of sale" could have no operation on the subsequent handing over of a deed which was not comprised in that abstract.

PRACTICE-APPEAL FROM COUNTY COURT-ADJOURNMENT BY VACATION JUDGE-38 & 39 VICT. c. 50, s. 6.-In the case of Button v. The Woolwich Mutual Building Society, which was an appeal from the decision of the judge of the Greenwich County Court, application was made in the Queen's Bench Division, on the 6th inst., for a rule for a new trial. The case had been tried at Greenwich on October 15, when the county court judge non-suited the plaintiff. Application was thereupon duly made under 38 & 39 Vict. c. 50, s. 6, within eight days from this decision, for a new trial to Bowen, J., sitting at chambers as Vacation Judge. Bowen, J., adjourned the case in order that a copy of the judge's notes might be obtained, and, the notes having been obtained, it came on again before Lindley, J., sitting as Vacation Judge. Lindley, J., adjourned the case to be heard by the full court, and, in pursuance of his order, the application was now made. The court (FIELD and MANISTY, JJ.) were, however, of opinion that they could not hear the motion. They had no original jurisdiction, for the eight days within which an appeal must be made had long elapsed. They had no jurisdiction, as a Court of Appeal, from the decision of the Vacation Judge. And the judge had no power to adjourn the case to a full court, but was bound to hear the case out, the application having been rightly made to him in the first instance. They, therefore, refused to hear the motion.

THE LANCASHIRE ASSIZES.

MR. WILLIAM BARTLETT, president of the Incorporated Law Society of Liverpool, has received a letter from the principal secretary to the Lord Chancellor, in which he says:-"I am directed by the Lord Chancellor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 1st inst. upon the subject of the civil assizes in Lancashire, and in reply to inform you that the next civil assize at Liverpool will be held during the winter circuit, which begins early in January next. The Lord Chancellor entirely agrees with the view of your society that there should be not less than three civil assizes in Lancashire during the year; but his lordship thinks that the institution of a fourth civil assize which was advocated in the memorial of June last, and other communications from your society, is not possible with the existing staff of judges. The question, therefore, which had to be decided when the four annual assizes were instituted was at which three of them it was most desirable in the interests of the public and of the gentlemen practising in the courts at Liverpool and Manchester that civil business should be taken. In consequence of a communication from the bar of the Northern Circuit and the recommendation of a committee of judges appointed to consider this subject, it was at first resolved that the three civil assizes in Lancashire should be held during the autumn, winter, and summer circuits. Consequently such assizes were held in October, 1879, and in January and July of this year. Subsequently, however, it was pointed out by your society, in a letter forwarded to the Lord Chancellor by Mr. Rathbone, that, from considerations chiefly connected with the long vacation, the better arrangement would be that the civil assize should be held upon the winter, spring and summer circuits, and in accordance with that view, which seemed to be the one approved in Lancashire, it has been determined to discontinue the holding of an assize for civil business in October, and to hold the three civil assizes in January, April, and August."

Obituary.

MR. HENRY SAUNDERS.

Mr. Henry Saunders, solicitor, died at his residence, Franche, Kidderminster, on the 31st ult., after a few days illness, in his eighty-first year. Mr. Saunders was admitted a solicitor in 1836, and had ever since prac tised at Kidderminster. He was originally in partnership with the late Mr. Adams Yates Bird, the firm being afterwards joined by Mr. George Adams Bird. He was at a later period associated with his son, Mr. Henry Saunders, jun. (who was for several years town clerk of Kidderminster), and still more recently with Mr. Frederick Burcher. Mr. Saunders held a large number of public appointments. He had been clerk to the guardians of the Kidderminster Union ever since its formation, and he was also clerk to the Assessment Committee and Rural Sanitary Authority, and superintendent-registrar for the district. He was clerk to the borough and county magistrates, to the Kidderminster Burial Board, to the feoffees of the Free Grammar School, and vestry clerk of the parish of Kidderminster. Mr. Saunders was an active supporter of the Conservative party in the district, but was very highly esteemed by all parties. He was buried at Wolverley Church on the 3rd inst. The Board of Guardians and Burial Board bave passed resolutions expressive of condolence with the family of the deceased.

MR. JOHN CASE.

Mr. John Case, solicitor, of Maidstone, died at his resi dence at East Farleigh, on the 5th inst., after a very shor illness. Mr. Case was the eldest son of Mr. William Case, controller of customs at Portsmouth, where he was born in 1803. He served his articles with his uncle, the late Mr. William Gunner, of Bishop Waltham, and he was admitted a solicitor in 1825. A year or two later he settled at Maidstone, where he remained in practice until his death. He was in partnership with his son, Mr.. Charles Alfred Case, who was admitted a solicitor in 1868. Mr. Case was a perpetual commissioner for the county of Kent, and held several important appointments. He had been for forty-four years clerk to the magistrates for the borough of Maidstone, and he was also high bailiff of the Maidstone County Court, and clerk to the lieutenancy for Kent. He was solicitor and secretary to the MaidstoneWaterworks Company, of which undertaking he had been one of the principal promoters. For thirty-two years he 1877 he resigned the office in favour of his son, and was was honorary secretary to the Kent Law Society, and in presented by the members of the society with a handsome service of plate. Mr. Case was an active Liberal, and took a warm interest in local business. He was a member of the Maidstone School Board, and churchwarden of St. Peter's Parish. His death was very sudden. On Saturday, the 1st inst., he attended the borough petty sessions, but on the following Wednesday he died from erysipelas. leaves ten children. He was buried at the MaidstoneCemetery on the 11th inst.

MR. GEORGE BRIGHT FOOTNER.

He

Mr. George Bright Footner, solicitor, of Romsey, died at his residence at that place, on the 5th inst., from paralysis, after only three days' illness. Mr. Footner was born in 1801, was admitted a solicitor in 1823, and had practised at Romsey for fifty-six years. He was a commissioner to administer oaths in the Supreme Court of Judicature, and a perpetual commissioner for Hampshire, and his private business was very extensive. He was for many years olerk to the Commissioners of Pavements for the borough of Romsey. He was associated in partnership with his son Mr. George Maugham Footner, who was admitted a solicitor in 1854, and is registrar of the Romsey County Court, and clerk to the Stockbridge Board of Guardians and to the Romsey Highway Board.

[MR. FREDERICK CHARLES STEGGALL. Mr. Frederick Charles Steggall, solicitor, town clerk of Weymouth, died a few days ago at his residence, Rodwell

Lodge, Weymouth. Mr. Steggall was admitted a solicitor in 1829, and commenced to practise at Bury St. Edmunds, but two or three years later he removed to Weymouth, where he continued in practice until his death. He was elected town clerk of the borough in 1842, and held the office for thirty-seven years. He was also for several years clerk to the Local Board of Health, and he was a commissioner to administer oaths in the Supreme Court of Judicature and a perpetual commissioner for Dorsetshire. Mr. Steggall had been for several years associated in partnership with Mr. Pelly Hooper, the deputy-coroner for the Island of Portland. His health had been long failing and Mr. Hooper had acted as deputy town clerk.

MR. WILLIAM WILSON, M.P.

Mr. William Wilson, solicitor, M.P. for Donegal, died on the 8th inst. after a short illness. Mr. Wilson was the second son of Mr. William Wilson, solicitor, of Raphoe, Donegal, and he was born in 1836. He was educated at the Raphoe Royal School. He was admitted a solicitor in Ireland in 1860, and practised for several years at Raphoe. In August, 1876, on the death of Mr. Thomas Conolly, Mr. Wilson came forward as a candidate for the representation of the county of Donegal in the Conservative interest, and succeeded in defeating Mr. Thomas Lea by a majority of ninety-nine. He gave a general support to the present Government, though on a few questions (as in the case of the Ulster Tenant Right and the Burials Bill) he took an independent course. Mr. Wilson was a widower.

Appointments, Etc.

Mr. FREDERICK ACTON, solicitor, of Nottingham, has been elected Sheriff of the Town and County of the Town of Nottingham for the ensuing year. Mr. Acton was admitted a solicitor in 1871.

Mr. LEWIS BISHOP, solicitor, of Llandilo, has been unanimously elected Clerk to the County Magistrates at that place, in succession to Mr. Nathaniel Davies, deceased. Mr. Bishop was admitted a solicitor in 1866, and is registrar of the Liandilo County Court.

The Rev. ALFRED THEOPHILUS LEE, LL.D., has been elected Preacher to the Honourable Society of Gray's-inn, in succession to the Ven. James Augustus Hessey, D.C.L., resigned.

Mr. JOSEPH MAKINSON, barrister, has been appointed a Magistrate for Lancashire. Mr. Makinson was educated at Owens College, Manchester, and was formerly scholar of Clare College, Cambridge, where he graduated as a senior optime in 1859. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's-inn in Trinity Term, 1864, and was a member of the Northern Circuit, practising locally at Manchester. He was for several years deputy-coroner for that city, and, in July, 1878, he was appointed stipendiary magistrate for the borough of Salford.

Mr. HUGH NEVILLE, barrister, has been appointed Assistant-Secretary to the Royal Commission on Agriculture. Mr. Neville is a graduate of Exeter College, Oxford. He was called to the bar at the Inner Temple in Easter Term, 1875, and he is a member of the Western Circuit.

Mr. GILES SYMONDS, solicitor, of Dorchester, has been elected Clerk to the Governing Body of the Dorchester Grammar School. Mr. Symonds is town clerk of Dorchester, clerk to the borough and county magistrates, registrar of the Dorchester County Court, district registrar under the Judicature Acts, and one of the coroners for the county. admitted a solicitor in 1834, and is in partnership with his son, Mr. Henry Symonds, who is clerk to the Stretton School Board.

He was

Mr. GEORGE WHALE, solicitor, of 3, Furnival's-inn, and of Woolwich, has been elected Clerk to the Plumstead District Board of Works, in succession to Mr. William Farnfield, deceased. Mr. Whale was admitted a solicitor in 1872.

LEGAL MAYORS.

Mr. JOHN DINGLEY, solicitor (of the firm of White & Dingley), of Launceston, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Dingley is clerk to the Launceston Board of Guardians, Assessment Committee, and Rural Sanitary Authority. He was admitted a solicitor in 1851, and is in partnership with Mr. George Graham White, the registrar of the Launceston County Court.

Mr. GEORGE HENRY GARRARD, solicitor (of the firm of New, Prance, & Garrard), of Evesham and Alcester, has been elected Mayor of the Borough of Evesham for the third time. Mr. Garrard was admitted a solicitor in 1852, and is clerk to the Evesham Highway Board, and the Bengeworth Burial Board. His senior partner, Mr. Herbert New, is registrar of the Evesham County Court.

Mr. GEORGE DEVEREUX HARRISON, solicitor, of Welchpool, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Harrison was admitted a solicitor in 1871, and is registrar of the Welchpool County Court, and clerk to the county magistrates.

Mr. JOHN HOLYOAKE, solicitor, of Droitwich, has been Holyoake was admitted a solicitor in 1838. elected Mayor of that borough for the fourth time. Mr.

Mr. FREDERICK JOHNSON, solicitor, of Faversham, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Johnson was admitted a solicitor in 1868, and is one of the borough aldermen.

Mr. WILLIAM NICHOLS MARCY, Solicitor, of Bewdley, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Marcy was admitted a solicitor in 1834, and is clerk of the peace for Worcestershire, and clerk to the county magistrates at Bewdley.

Mr. BENJAMIN MARSHALL, solicitor, of Barnsley, has been re-elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Marshall was admitted a solicitor in 1832, and is in partnership with Mr. James Ownsworth.

Mr. HENRY RANCE, solicitor, of Cambridge and Ely, has been re-elected Mayor of the Borough of Cambridge for the ensuing year. Mr. Rance is one of the borough aldermen. He was admitted a solicitor in 1828, and is in partnership with his son, Mr. Henry William Henniker Rance.

Mr. HENRY MARRIOTT RICHARDSON, solicitor, of Bolton, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Richardson was admitted a solicitor in 1847, and is one of the borough aldermen.

been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Smith is the brother of the Right Hon. Sir Montague Smith. He was admitted a solicitor in 1832, and is one of the borough aldermen, and secretary to the Vice-Warden of the Stannaries.

Mr. PHILIP PROTHEROE SMITH, solicitor, of Truro, has

Mr. ALFRED OXNARD SMITH, Solicitor (of the firm of Watson & Smith), of Durham, has been elected Mayor of that city for the ensuing year. Mr. Smith is deputy clerk of the peace, and acting under-sheriff of the county of Durham. He was admitted a solicitor in 1873, and is in partnership with Mr. John Watson, who is registrar of the Durham Court of Chancery.

Mr. THOMAS STEPHENSON, Solicitor (of the firm of Eldridge & Stephenson), of Beverley, Hall, and Hornsea, has been elected Mayor of the Borough of Beverley for the ensuing year. Mr. Stephenson is one of the borough aldermen. He was admitted a solicitor in 1871, and is in partnership with Mr. John Robert Westerdale Eldridge.

Mr. GEORGE WILLIAM THOMAS, solicitor, of Boston, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Thomas was admitted a solicitor in 1865.

Mr. ARTHUR VIZARD, solicitor, of Monmouth, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing year. Mr. Vizard was admitted a solicitor in 1868, and is in partnership with Mr. John Endell Powles.

Mr. HENRY MONEY WAINWRIGHT, solicitor, of Dudley, has been elected Mayor of that borough for the ensuing Mr. Wainwright was admitted a solicitor in

year. 1836.

DISSOLUTIONS OF PARTNERSHIP. JAMES JAMES and THOMAS HORWOOD, solicitors, Ayles

bury (James Horwood). June 30. (Alister Macfarquhar James and Thomas Horwood will carry on the business in partnership). (Gazette, November 7.)

EDWIN SINGLETON and GEORGE MARTINSON, solicitors, Kingston-upon-Hull (Singleton & Martinson). November 1. (Gazette, November 7.)

RUSSELL H. W. BIGGS and JOHN A. SMITH, solicitors, Harrington-street, Liverpool, and 103, Park-road, Toxteth-park, (Biggs, Smith, & Co). October 29. (Gazette, November 7.) CHARLES OLDHAM and WILLIAM ALLITT CANNING, solicitors, 40, Parade, Leamington (Oldham & Cann ing). October 15. (Gazette, November 11.)

Companies.

WINDING-UP NOTICES.

JOINT STOCK COMPANIES.

LIMITED IN CHANCERY.

BRITISH AND FOREIGN FIRE OFFICE, LIMITED.-The M.R. has, by an order dated July 1, appointed John Earle Hodges, Abchurch lane, to be official liquidator. Creditors are required, on or before Dec 6, to send their names and addresses, and the particulars of their debts and claims, to the above. Dec 22, at 11, is appointed for hearing and adjudicating upon the debts and claims

BRITISH SEAMLESS PAPER BOX COMPANY, LIMITED.-The M.R. has fixed Nov 17, at 11, at his chambers, for the appointment of an official liquidator

FRENCH FRUIT AND VEGETABLE EXPORT COMPANY (LATE CHAMPAGNE PERE), LIMITED.-Petition for winding up, presented Nov 4, directed to be heard before V.C. Bacon, on Nov 15. Smallman, Queen st, Cheapside, solicitor for the petitioner

LONDON AND PALATINE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, LIMITED.-V.C. Hall has fixed Nov 18, at 12, at his chambers, for the appointment of an official liquidator

WESTMINSTER ASSOCIATION, LIMITED.-The M.R. has fixed Nov 19, at 12, for the appointment of a liquidator

[Gazette, Nov. 7.]

COLE HARBOUR LAND COMPANY, LIMITED.-V.C. Bacon has, by an order dated Aug 9, appointed Charles Chatteris, Queen Victoria st, to be official liquidator. Creditors are required, on or before Jan 5,

to send their names and addresses, and the particulars of their debts or claims, to the above. Mar 12, at 12, is appointed for hearing and adjudicating upon the debts and claims

UNLIMITED IN CHANCERY.

LOUTH AND EAST COAST RAILWAY COMPANY.-Petition presented Oct 10, praying the confirmation of a scheme of arrangement, directed to be heard before V.C. Malins, on Nov 28. Any person who may be desirous to oppose the making of an order for the confirmation should enter an appearance at the office of the Clerks of Records and Writs, on or before Nov 25. Kime, Bedford row, agent for Wilson and Son, Louth, solicitors for the petitioners

[Gazette, Nov. 11.]

COUNTY PALATINE OF LANCASTER. LIMITED IN CHANCERY. ROCHDALE PAPER MANUFACTURING COMPANY, LIMITED.-Petition for winding up, presented Nov 8, directed to be heard before the V.C., on Nov 24, at Stone buildings, Lincoln's inn, at 10.30. Addleshaw and Warburton, Manchester, solicitors for the petitioner [Gazette, Nov. 11.] FRIENDLY SOCIETIES DISSOLVED. MARGATE INDUSTRIAL CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETY, LIMITED, High st, Margate, Kent. Nov 5 [Gazette, Nov. 7.] MUTUAL FRIENDLY SOCIETY, Blackett st, Newcastle-on-Tyne. Nov 7 [Gazette, Nov. 11.]

In the course of the Nisi Prius sitting at Westminster, on Wednesday, Mr. Justice Denman said he had been asked by Mr. Justice Field, who had finished his list, to send a case down to him. Mr. Kemp, Q.C., appealed to his lordship not to send from his court the sole remaining case. Two cases in which he was engaged with the same junior had purposely been put in the same list, so that both might have proper attention. His junior had handed his brief over to a gentleman to take a note, and was himself engaged elsewhere. Mr. Justice Denman said that attorneys ought to know that some gentlemen were in such practice that they could not attend to their cases in Westminster Hall. It was really a disgrace to the bar that they accepted briefs and left them at Westminster Hall while they were elsewhere. The taxing masters were lenient as to the number of counsel allowed for the express purpose of meeting such a difficulty as the present. He could not blame Mr. Kemp in the matter, as he had done all that lay in his power. Hardship might be the result were he to send the case to Mr. Justice Field, but he felt very strongly on the subject.

SOLICITORS'

Societies.

BENEVOLENT ASSOCIATION.

The usual monthly meeting of the Board of Directors of this association was held at the Law Institution, Chancery. lane, London, on Wednesday, the 12th inst., the following directors being present:-Messrs. Asker (of Norwich), Brook, Hedger, Kays, Keen, Pennington, Price, Rickman, Roscoe, Smith, Styan, Veley (of Chelmsford), Williamson, and Woolbert (Mr. Eiffe, secretary). Mr. Sidney Smith was elected chairman, and Mr. John Lewis (of Wrexham) was elected deputy-chairman of the board for the ensuing year. A sum of £370 was distributed in grants of assistance among necessitous members of the profession and their widows and families; twelve gentlemen were admitted members of the association; and other general business transacted.

BOLTON INCORPORATED LAW SOCIETY. The following is the annual report of the committee, for the year ending October 31, 1879:

Your committee have to state that the duties devolving upon them appertaining to the internal economy of this society, in gradually getting the same into working order during the ten months that have elapsed since its incorporation, have occupied much time and attention. They believe that they have succeeded in establishing this society in good working order; and with the ground thus prepared, and with a hope that their successors in office will gradually carry out all the objects mentioned in the memorandum of association, they present the following report to the society.

Incorporation of the Society and Members.-The incorporation of this society took place January 10, 1879, and the readiness of the members of the old society to contribute towards the expenses of incorporation, coupled with the fact of all the old members (except two) and eleven new members, having joined this society, confirms the policy of those who advocated its incorporation.

This society numbers fifty-five members, and comprises all the practising solicitors in Bolton but ten, three of whom have recently intimated their intention shortly to apply for admission.

Obituary. The profession has sustained a severe loss in the death on the 27th of November, 1878, of John Gordon, Esq., late clerk of the peace and vice-president of the old society, in which he always took a strong and personal interest, and in the committee of which he was an energetic and valuable member for many years. He was a warm advocate for the incorporation of the society, and had he lived a few months longer would have seen his wishes gratified, and have also completed his fiftieth year of practice in this town. Those who have associated with him in practice will ever remember him with a kindly feeling, and, by all, his name will ever be remembered with respect.

Finance.-The treasurer's accounts are appended; they have been audited under article 17.

The balance of £26 6s. 8d. due to the treasurer November 1, 1878, has been wiped off, and there is a balance in hand of £13 48. 1d.

Library. The third object of the memorandum of incorporation, namely, the acquisition of the library, has been attained, and the library is now the property of this Society.

Bye-laws for its use have been made and issued to members, and came into operation on the 1st day of November, 1879. Your committee have considered it desirable to impose small fines for detention of books, not so much with the object of gaining income as to secure the due return of books, and to avoid the complaints which have been hitherto made of undue detention.

Your committee, although empowered to impose an annual subscription on all members using the library, have considered it impolitic so to do, and have thrown open the library to all the members of this society free of charge.

Owing to the balance against the society at the commencement of the year, and the extraordinary expenses necessarily incurred in incorporating the society, beyond those which have been met by contributions, your.committee have been unable to purchase any new treatises. They hope, however, that the funds will permit the addition

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of new books to the library during the year commencing November 1, 1879.

Points of Practice.-Your committee have not been required to exercise any of the powers committed to them under the 3rd, 6th, or 12th head of article 24.

Proceedings were taken by the Incorporated Law Society of the United Kingdom against Walter Scowcroft (who is referred to in the report of last year) at the instance of the old society, and he was struck off the rolls in March last.

Articled Clerks.-There are now twenty-one articled clerks in Bolton, as against twenty-eight in November, 1878, one clerk has been articled since 1st of November, 1878, and six have passed their final examination, of whom Thomas Rothwell Haslam (articled to Mr. Ramwell), and James Hamilton Clegg (articled to Mr. John Hall) respectively gained honours and the Incorporated Law Society's Prize of £5 5s. in books. Four clerks have been admitted

solicitors.

In last year's report of the committee of the old society, the Bolton Articled Clerks' Society (established in 1876) was alluded to as having been well supported and promising to be successful. Your committee are glad to find that the society is undoubtedly becoming well established and productive of much good to its members. They would urge upon the members of this society the desirability of encouraging the articled clerks in their endeavours to improve themselves by personally attending their meetings occasionally.

The vice-president, Thos. Holden, Esq., has kindly promised £5 58. to be appropriated for prizes in books to be given to articled clerks on conditions to be settled by the president of the Articled Clerks' Society, and has also presented to the library a set of the Law Magazine for the use of articled clerks as well as members.

Conditions of Sale.—At the last annual meeting of the old eociety, a committee was appointed with instructions to settle finally the draft conditions of sale which it was ordered should be adopted by the society. Owing to the death of one of the committee and the retirement from the society of another, before the conditions were settled, your committee, under article 21, No. 5, apppointed a sub-committee who have finally settled such draft conditions of sale, and the same will be submitted to the annual general meeting for confirmation and adoption.

Appointment of Officers and Committee.-By article 20 the officers all retire from office at the annual general meeting but are re-eligible provided they remain members of the committee. One-third of the committee also retire from office but are re-eligible.

Their names having been determined by the committee are as follows:-Thomas Lever Rushton, Thomas Holden, James Greenhalgh, John Hall.

Auditors. By article 17 two auditors, being members not on the committee, are to be appointed at the annual general meeting.

The Incorporated Law Society of the United Kingdom. The vice-president, Mr. Holden, attended the annual meeting at Cambridge, on October 7 and 8 last, as the representative of this society.

Rules of Practice. Your committee by virtue of the powers reposed in them under article 21, No. 3, have re-established as rules in practice certain resolutions which were made binding upon the members of the old society in November, 1875, and which are contained in No. 16 of the rules of the old society. Any member can have a copy on applying to the hon. secretary.

Your committee also, on April 16, 1879, passed the following resolution relative to the attestation of the execution of bills of sale:-"That in the opinion of this committee it is not desirable for any member of this society to attest the execution of any bill of sale pursuant to section 10 of the Bills of Sale Act, 1878, unless such bill of sale has been prepared by a practising solicitor, and that the fee for such attestation only should not be less than 6. 8d."

Salford Hundred Court of Record. -Your committee have considered it desirable in the interests of the public to endeavour to obtain an order of the court limiting the costs in all cases when the debt sued for does not exceed £10 to the scale of the county court costs. With this object a deputation waited upon the deputy-registrar of the court on the 28th of October, 1879; and the matter is now under consideration, and your committee hope the result may prevent the recurrence of well-grounded complaints of excessive costs hitherto made in actions in that court.

Law Student's Journal.

LAW STUDENTS' SOCIETIES' CONGRESS. The first of a series of three meetings of a general congress of the various law students' societies in England, convened under the auspices of the United Law Students' Society, London, was held at the Law Institution on Friday week, at two o'clock, under the presidency of John Moxon Clabon, Esq., solicitor, vice-president of the Incorporated Law Society, when delegates from eighteen societies attended. The CHAIRMAN, in his opening address, said that the education of law students had received a great deal of his attention during recent years. Speaking from his own experience, he would recommend them to attend diligently to practice during their articles, to read twice the necessary law books, and to avoid the baneful system of cramming, which tended to create habits of indolence, inasmuch as the student delayed commencing his studies, trusting with the help of a crammer to get through at last. When he was a student, there were lectures and a final examination only, a preliminary examination on subjects of general education was first added; and then the intermediate on specified books to come about the middle of the articles, so that the pupil must have done something during the first half of his time. Lectures were then introduced, to which classes had been since added, and subsequently special lectures to students for the intermediate examination, and finally honours examinations were to begin with 1880. Therefore a great improvement had taken place in the education of law students within the last thirty or forty years; but still he believed any suggestions which the congress might make for the improvement of the lectures, classes, and examinations would receive great attention on the part of the Council of the Incorporated Law Society.

Mr. F. J. LESLIE then read a paper on the subject of "The Present Education of Articled Clerks, with Special Reference to the Examinations of the Incorporated Law Society.' ." The present preliminary examination, he thought, was not sufficient to test the student's capabilities for the subsequent practice of the profession. Its failure was notorious, and he would suggest that it be raised to the standard of what was known as a liberal education, comprising a knowledge of the English language, algebra, and geometry, subjects which could not be learned by rote in two or three weeks. A too easy preliminary examination, also, would be the cause of students not being kept so long at school as they otherwise would be, as a boy of fifteen or sixteen could easily pass the examination, and then he was taken from school and immediately articled. Passing to the actual service of the clerk under articles, he could only express his surprise at the total absence of any organized system of training for Too much stress laid in this respect upon the neglect of the principals. He would advocate the appointment by the Law Society of gentlemen in various parts of the country to deliver lectures on the principles of jurisprudence and of law to students in the first year of their articles; let attendance at a certain number of lectures be made

him.

was

compulsory, and every articled clerk pass an examination at the end of the first year on the subject of the lectures. Then a preliminary examination might still be held at the expiration of half of the term of the articles; but it would be a great advantage to have a reader or tutor appointed to whom, at stated times, the student might resort for assistance in his reading. With regard to the examination itself it should be more severe, and should last for two days. He would strongly urge upon the Incorporated Law Society the desirability of making the intermediate examination competitive and of providing a series of prizes. A fund for that purpose might be raised by each law students' society guaranteeing a sum of £5 a year. In that way about £130 could be raised, and he was sure the prize would be regarded as worth working for. With regard to the institution of a distinct examination for honours, that had met with almost unanimous approval, but he suggested that the field of examination was too wide, and tended to encourage a superficial knowledge of a great variety of subjects. The candidate should be allowed only to take up a certain number of subjects, the choice being left to his own discretion, and an option should be given of taking either of the three divisions of probate and divorce, admiralty, and ecclesiastical law. He would also recommend that the

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